英语第一部分10 特殊句式和主谓一致 第1讲 特殊句式.ppt

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1、语法专题突破第一部分第一部分专题十特殊句式和主谓一致专题十特殊句式和主谓一致20172017考纲精解考纲精解考查点201620152014考情分析特殊句式全国卷70题祈使句全国卷短文改错第1处there be语篇型语法填空题对特殊句式的考查较少，但部分倒装结构中助动词、系动词的使用以及强调句的it和连接词that会是高考考查的重点。此外，书面表达中强调句和倒装句的合理使用可以提升文章的表达档次。主谓一致1.全国卷63题动名词作主语2.全国卷69题复数名词作主语全国卷67题第三人称单数作主语第第1讲特殊句式讲特殊句式1(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening,

2、cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,70._(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【解析】分析破折号后的句子结构可知，whatever引导让步状语从句，make sure部分是主句。这里用动词原形开头构成祈使句。典题在线make2(2016福建福州3月质检)This technology did not spread to Europe 67._ the 19th century,and it was by using the

3、 technology 68._ the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.【解析】67空考查连词。根据句意“直到19世纪，这项科技才传到欧洲”判断要用until，notuntil意为“直到才”。68空考查强调句It isthat结构。句意“就是运用了这项科技，1859年美国人才能在宾夕法尼亚州钻出第一口油井”。untilthat3(2014全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 am.and ends at 3：30 p.m.They are three lessons in

4、 the morning and two in the afternoon.【解析】第二句表达的应该是一个“therebe名词时间或者地点状语”，意为：某地(某时间)有。所以应将They改为There。注意句子开头首字母大写。【答案】TheyThere4(2016贵阳一中高三月考)If you want to become a better reader,here is four important things to remember about your reading speed.【解析】此句为倒装句，主语是four important things，所以谓语动词用复数形式。【答案】is

5、are5(2016齐鲁名校教科研协作体二联)With time going by,Im in Senior 3 now.It is me who have no time to stay with him now!【解析】根据句型It iswho可知，本句为强调句式，强调主语“我”，应用主格代词。【答案】meI 一、强调句1强调句型的陈述句形式：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that，被强调部分是“事物”时用that。It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)It was him that/who we met at

6、 the school gate.(强调宾语)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)核心考点2强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？3强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他成分？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？4有时可用 It might betha

7、t/who，It must have beenthat/who句型表示强调。It might be his father that/who youre thinking of.你牵挂的可能是他父亲。It must have been his brother that/who you saw.你看到的一定是他的弟弟。5notuntil结构的强调句型其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.直到

8、10点他才上床睡觉。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一个著名影星。6对谓语动词的强调Is is/waswho/that结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词，用助动词do，does或did。Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要来啊。He did

9、 write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。【温馨提示】如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。二、倒装句1完全倒装谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。(1)表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词(短语)，如：here，there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,off,in th

10、e room,on the wall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.下雨了，伞撑起来了。Out rushed the children laughing loudly.孩子们大笑着冲了出去。【温馨提示】主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。(2)such置于句首时。Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个质朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。此句型中的such多被认为是表语，

11、所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。Such are the facts;no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。2部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词或be动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。(1)sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此”。They love having lots of friends;so do I.他们喜欢交很多朋友，我也是如此。(2)neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也不这样”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy

12、.莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。(3)否定词never，seldom,nor,not，little,hardly,scarcely，rarely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。Hardly/Scarcely had he sat down when the bell rang.No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang.他刚坐下，电话就响了。(4)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且都放在

13、句首时。Only then did I begin to understand him.就在那时，我才开始理解他。【温馨提示】only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。(5)sothat和suchthat句式中，so 或 such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他英语说得如此清楚，以至于别人都能听懂。(6)if引导的虚拟语气的句子中，如果省略if需倒装。We

14、re I you?I would work hard.如果我是你，我会努力工作。Had you told me earlier,I would have offered some help.如果你早点告诉我，我就会提供一些帮助。(7)在 as/though 引导让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may seem,if youre unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of des

15、ires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。(8)“may动词原形”表示祝愿，通常将 may 置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed!祝你成功！3形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多。但有几个重要的句型需要特别留意：(1)感叹句What an interesting talk they had!How interesting their talk was!他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话！(2)the more，the more句型The more you l

16、isten to English，the easier it becomes.你听英语听得越多，它就变得越简单。(3)whatevern.或howeveradj./adv.引导的让步状语从句Whatever reasons you have，you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening.不管这个问题多难，我们今天晚上必须把它解决。三、省略句1复合句中的省略在 as if,if,though,when

17、,where,while,no matter what，until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book,unless(the photographs are)stated otherwise,date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。2动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，

18、当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。3so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。It sounds like

19、 something is wrong with the cars engine.If so,wed better take it to the garage immediately.听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。四、祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常见句型：(1)祈使句and简单句“如果就”(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句“否则”(3)名词词组(多含有more，another)and简单句“如果再就”One more day,and Ill get everything ready.再多给我一天，我就会把一切都准备好。对点巩固