英语九、并列句和状语从句 外研版.ppt

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1、九、并列句和状语从句九、并列句和状语从句语法精讲语法精讲一、并列句一、并列句考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型类型并列连词并列连词并列关系并列关系(递进递进关系关系)and,bothand,both.and.,not only.but also.,.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.neither.nor.等等转转折或折或对对比关系比关系but,yet,whereas,whilebut,yet,whereas,while等等选择选择关系关系or,oror,or else,eitherelse,either.or.,not.

2、but.or.,not.but.等等因果关系因果关系for,sofor,so等等Both Peter and Tom are from South Africa.Both Peter and Tom are from South Africa.彼得和汤姆都来自南非。彼得和汤姆都来自南非。First,myFirst,my English is very good and I English is very good and Im open-minded and warm-m open-minded and warm-hearted,sohearted,so I Im getting along

3、well with everyone.m getting along well with everyone.首先首先,我的英语很好我的英语很好,而且我性格外向、很热心而且我性格外向、很热心,因此我和每个人都相处得很因此我和每个人都相处得很好。好。He tried hard to catch up with his He tried hard to catch up with his classmates,butclassmates,but he failed.he failed.他尽力赶上同学们他尽力赶上同学们,但是失败了。但是失败了。The children can go with The

4、children can go with us,orus,or they can stay in.they can stay in.孩子们可以跟我们去孩子们可以跟我们去,也可以待在家。也可以待在家。He must have been caught in the He must have been caught in the rain,forrain,for he is wet all over.he is wet all over.他肯定被雨淋了他肯定被雨淋了,因为他浑身都湿了。因为他浑身都湿了。考点二并列连词构成的常用句型考点二并列连词构成的常用句型1.and1.and构成的句型构成的句型

5、(1)(1)祈使句祈使句+and+and+陈述句陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,and,and后面的句后面的句 子相当于一个表示结果的主句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。Work Work hard,andhard,and you will succeed.(=If you work you will succeed.(=If you work hard,youhard,you will succeed.)will succeed.)努力学习努力学习,你就会成功。你就会成功。(2)(2)名词名词+and+and+陈述句陈述句(名词相当于一个条件状语从句名词相当于

6、一个条件状语从句,其中常含有其中常含有more,more,another another等词等词)。Another Another try,andtry,and you youll make a success.ll make a success.再试一次再试一次,你就会取得成功。你就会取得成功。2.or(else)2.or(else)构成的句型构成的句型 (1)(1)祈使句祈使句+or(else)+or(else)+陈述句。陈述句。Seize the Seize the chance,orchance,or(else)you(else)youll regret.ll regret.抓住这次机

7、会抓住这次机会,否则你会后悔的。否则你会后悔的。(2)(2)名词词组名词词组+or(else)+or(else)+陈述句。陈述句。More healthy More healthy food,orfood,or(else)you(else)youll break down sooner or ll break down sooner or later.later.多吃健康食品多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。3.when3.when构成的句型构成的句型 whenwhen引起并列句引起并列句,意为意为“正在这时正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚要发生表示某件事正在发生

8、或刚要发生 或刚刚完成时或刚刚完成时,突然发生另一动作。突然发生另一动作。(1)sb.be doing(1)sb.be doing sthsth.when.when.某人正在做某事某人正在做某事,这时这时 Last Last Monday,IMonday,I was walking in the street when I suddenly was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一上周一,我正在街上散步

9、我正在街上散步,这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了 下来。下来。(2)sb.be about to do(2)sb.be about to do sthsth.when.when.某人正要做某事某人正要做某事,这时这时 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身我们正打算动身,突然下起雨来了。突然下起雨来了。(3)sb.be on the point of doing

10、(3)sb.be on the point of doing sthsth.when.when.某人正要做某事某人正要做某事,这时这时 She was on the point of going to bed when someone She was on the point of going to bed when someone knocked at the door.knocked at the door.她正要上床睡觉她正要上床睡觉,突然有人敲门。突然有人敲门。(4)sb.had just done(4)sb.had just done sthsth.when.when.某人刚做完某事

11、某人刚做完某事,这时这时 I had just finished sweeping the floor when the I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.telephone rang.我刚刚扫完地我刚刚扫完地,这时电话铃响了。这时电话铃响了。二、状语从句二、状语从句考点一时间状语从句考点一时间状语从句1.when,while1.when,while和和asas的用法的用法连词连词含义及用法含义及用法例句例句whenwhen“当当时时候候”,可与延可与延续续性性动词动词或短或短暂暂性性动词连动词连用用;

12、从句从句动动作可以作可以发发生在主生在主句句动动作之前、之后或与主作之前、之后或与主句句动动作同作同时发时发生生When you apply for a When you apply for a job,youjob,you must present your certificates.must present your certificates.当你申当你申请请工作工作时时,你必你必须递须递交你的有交你的有关关证证件。件。whilewhile“当当时时候候”,一般只可一般只可与延与延续续性性动词连动词连用用,从句从句动动作与主句作与主句动动作同作同时时发发生生Mary made coffee

13、 while her Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their guests were finishing their meal.meal.客人客人们们就要吃完就要吃完饭饭的的时时候候,玛丽玛丽去煮咖啡了。去煮咖啡了。asas“随着随着”,常与延常与延续续性性动词连动词连用用,从句从句动动作与主作与主句句动动作同作同时时或几乎同或几乎同时发时发生生As he grew As he grew older,heolder,he became less became less active.active.随着他逐随着他逐渐长渐长大大

14、,他他变变得不那么活得不那么活泼泼了。了。2.as soon 2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,theas,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment/minute/moment/minute/second/second/instant,noinstant,no sooner.than.,hardly/rarely/scarcely.when.sooner.than.,hardly/rarely/scarcely.when.这些从属连词这些从属连词 都译为都译为“一一就就”,表示从句的动作一发生表示从

15、句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就主句的动作随即就 发生。发生。He started as soon as he received the news.He started as soon as he received the news.他一接到消息就动身了。他一接到消息就动身了。The moment I heard the The moment I heard the voice,Ivoice,I knew father was coming.knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。我就知道父亲来了。The man began to wo

16、rk immediately he arrived there.The man began to work immediately he arrived there.那个人一到那儿就开始工作。那个人一到那儿就开始工作。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.我一到家我一到家,天就开始下雨。天就开始下雨。3.till3.till和和untiluntil (1)(1)肯定句中肯定句中,主句谓语动词应是延续性动词主句谓语动词应是延续性动词

17、,意为意为“某动作一直延续某动作一直延续 到某时间点才停止到某时间点才停止”。He remained there till/until she arrived.He remained there till/until she arrived.他在那儿一直待到她到达。他在那儿一直待到她到达。(2)(2)否定句中否定句中,主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式从句为肯定式,意为意为 “某动作直到某时间点才开始。某动作直到某时间点才开始。”I didnI didnt notice that I forgot my ticket till/until I got t n

18、otice that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station.to the station.直到到了车站我才意识到我忘带车票了。直到到了车站我才意识到我忘带车票了。(3)till(3)till不可置于句首不可置于句首,until,until可以。可以。(4)(4)强调和倒装句中强调和倒装句中,not,not和和untiluntil应视为一个整体应视为一个整体,同时被强调或置于同时被强调或置于 句首。句首。Not until we know more will we be able to improve the Not until w

19、e know more will we be able to improve the situation.situation.我们只有了解更多情况才能改善现状。我们只有了解更多情况才能改善现状。It was not until I had read your letter that I knew the It was not until I had read your letter that I knew the truth.truth.直到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。直到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。(1)(1)从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词,主句谓语动词则是

20、延续性动词或反复发生主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反复发生 的动作。的动作。sincesince引导的从句时态为一般过去时引导的从句时态为一般过去时,主句时态为现在完成时或现在主句时态为现在完成时或现在 完成进行时。完成进行时。She has been working for the company since she left school.She has been working for the company since she left school.她自从毕她自从毕 业一直在这家公司工作。业一直在这家公司工作。(2)(2)句型句型“It is/has been+It is/has be

21、en+时间段时间段+since.+since.”意为意为“自从自从到现在多久了到现在多久了”。It is a long time since I saw you last time.It is a long time since I saw you last time.=I have not seen you for a long time.=I have not seen you for a long time.我很久没见过你了。我很久没见过你了。It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school.It h

22、as been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school.=I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago.=I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago.自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I smoked a cigar.=It i

23、s three years since I stopped smoking a cigar.=It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar.我三年没抽雪茄了。我三年没抽雪茄了。4.since4.since5.before5.before(1)before(1)before常用于表示常用于表示“还未还未就就,不到不到就就;才才;趁趁;还没来得及还没来得及就就”等含义。等含义。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We had sailed four days an

24、d four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看见陆地。我们航行了四天四夜才看见陆地。He rushed out of the room before I could say anything else.He rushed out of the room before I could say anything else.我还没来得及说别的他就冲出了房间。我还没来得及说别的他就冲出了房间。Please write it down before you forget it.Please write it down before you forget it.趁

25、你现在没忘把它记下来。趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)(2)句型句型“It was/will be+It was/will be+时间段时间段+before.+before.”意为意为“过了过了/要过多久要过多久 才才”。“It was not long before./It wonIt was not long before./It wont be long t be long before.before.”意为意为“不久就不久就”。It will be half a year before I come back.It will be half a year before I come ba

26、ck.要过半年我才能回来。要过半年我才能回来。It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.没过多久他就感觉到这个位置的危险。没过多久他就感觉到这个位置的危险。6.every 6.every time,eachtime,each time,nexttime,next time,thetime,the first time first time 等名词短语用来引等名词短语用来引 导时间状语从句导时间状语从

27、句,表示表示“每当每当,每次每次,下次下次,第一次第一次”等。等。Every time I saw Every time I saw him,Ihim,I found him to be taller.found him to be taller.每次我碰见他每次我碰见他,都觉得他长高了。都觉得他长高了。考点二地点状语从句考点二地点状语从句1.1.通常由连词通常由连词wherewhere和和whereverwherever引导引导,从句可位于主句之前从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句也可位于主句 之后。之后。YouYoud better not leave the medicine where

28、kids can get it.d better not leave the medicine where kids can get it.你最好不要把药放在孩子能够得着的地方。你最好不要把药放在孩子能够得着的地方。Children will play wherever they happen to be.Children will play wherever they happen to be.小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。2.2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where thereWhere theres a s a wi

29、ll,therewill,theres s a way.a way.有志者有志者,事竟成。事竟成。Where(verWhere(ver)there)theres plenty of sun and s plenty of sun and rain,therain,the fields are fields are green.green.哪里阳光雨水充足哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油的。哪里的田野就绿油油的。特别提示特别提示 wherewhere引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别:wherewhere引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在

30、定语从句中而在定语从句中wherewhere作为关系作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如:如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅游如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅游,请入乡随俗。请入乡随俗。If you are If you are travellingtravelling where the customs are really foreign to where the customs are really foreign to your your own,pleaseown,please do as the Romans do.(do as the Romans

31、do.(地点状语从句地点状语从句)If you are If you are travellingtravelling in places where the customs are really in places where the customs are really foreign to your foreign to your own,pleaseown,please do as the Romans do.(do as the Romans do.(定语从句定语从句)考点三条件状语从句考点三条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词引导条件状语从句的从属连词(词组词组)有有:if(:i

32、f(如果如果),unless(),unless(除非除非,如果如果不不),as/so long as(),as/so long as(只要只要),supposing(that)(),supposing(that)(倘若倘若,假定假定),provided),provided(that)(that)(假若假若,倘若倘若),providing(that)(),providing(that)(倘若倘若),on condition that(),on condition that(条条件是件是),in case(),in case(如果如果)等。等。You will succeed as long as

33、 you study hard.You will succeed as long as you study hard.只要你努力学习只要你努力学习,你一定会成功。你一定会成功。Supposing it Supposing it rains,whatrains,what shall we do?shall we do?假如下雨假如下雨,我们该怎么办呢我们该怎么办呢?考点四让步状语从句考点四让步状语从句1.although1.although与与thoughthough引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。二者可互换二者可互换,且都可与且都可与yet,stillyet,still或或nevert

34、helessnevertheless连用连用,但不与但不与 butbut连连 用。用。thoughthough引导让步状语从句放在句首时引导让步状语从句放在句首时,可使用倒装结构可使用倒装结构,但但 althoughalthough引导的状语从句不能倒装。引导的状语从句不能倒装。He didnHe didnt stop working though/although he was ill.t stop working though/although he was ill.虽然病了虽然病了,但他没有停止工作。但他没有停止工作。Young though she Young though she i

35、s,sheis,she knows how to deal with such a thing.knows how to deal with such a thing.她虽然年轻她虽然年轻,但懂得如何处理这件事。但懂得如何处理这件事。(本句中本句中thoughthough不可换为不可换为although)although)特别提示特别提示 thoughthough还可作副词用于句末还可作副词用于句末,意为意为“可是可是,然而然而,不过不过”,althoughalthough则不能。则不能。He said he would He said he would come.Hecome.He didn

36、 didnt though.t though.他说他会来他说他会来,可是他没有来。可是他没有来。2.as2.as引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时,需要使用倒装结构需要使用倒装结构,表示强调。表示强调。Tired as he was(=Though he was Tired as he was(=Though he was tired),hetired),he continued his work.continued his work.尽管他尽管他 累了累了,他还是继续工作。他还是继续工作。Much as I respect him(=Though I respect him Much as

37、 I respect him(=Though I respect him much),Imuch),I can cant agree t agree with his proposal.with his proposal.尽管我很尊重他尽管我很尊重他,我还是不赞成他的提议。我还是不赞成他的提议。3.while3.while引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句,一般放在句首。一般放在句首。While(=Although)I donWhile(=Although)I dont like t like it,Iit,I will try to learn it well.will try to lear

38、n it well.尽管尽管 我不喜欢它我不喜欢它,我也会努力学好。我也会努力学好。4.whatever/no matter 4.whatever/no matter what,whoeverwhat,whoever/no matter/no matter who,whicheverwho,whichever/no matter/no matter which which等都可以引导让步状语从句等都可以引导让步状语从句,而且而且whatever,whoever,whicheverwhatever,whoever,whichever等还可以等还可以 引导名词性从句引导名词性从句,但但“no no

39、 matter+whmatter+wh-”不能引导名词性从句不能引导名词性从句,只能引导让步状语只能引导让步状语 从句。从句。Whatever/No matter what you Whatever/No matter what you say,Isay,I won wont believe you.(t believe you.(让步状语从句让步状语从句)不管你说什么不管你说什么,我决不相信你的话。我决不相信你的话。You can take whatever you like.(You can take whatever you like.(名词性从句名词性从句)喜欢什么你就可以拿什么。喜欢

40、什么你就可以拿什么。考点五方式状语从句考点五方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由常由as(as(像像一样一样),),as if/though(as if/though(似乎似乎,好像好像)等引导。等引导。1.as1.as引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句,前面常可用前面常可用justjust加强语气。加强语气。You must do the exercise as I tell you.You must do the exercise as I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。I

41、 did just as the teacher did.I did just as the teacher did.我正是按照老师做的那样做了。我正是按照老师做的那样做了。2.as if/as though2.as if/as though引导方式状语从句时引导方式状语从句时,常用虚拟语气。常用虚拟语气。She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.她英语说得非常好她英语说得非常好,就好像她去过美国似的。就好像她去过

42、美国似的。考点六原因状语从句考点六原因状语从句 原因状语从句可由原因状语从句可由because,as,since,nowbecause,as,since,now that that 等引导等引导:1.because 1.because 译作译作“因为因为”,表直接原因表直接原因,语气较强语气较强,能回答由能回答由why why 提出的提出的 问句。问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he want

43、ed to sit next to his wife.wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上,因为他想挨着他妻子坐。因为他想挨着他妻子坐。2.as(2.as(由于由于),since(),since(既然既然),now that/in that(),now that/in that(既然既然),),表双方都知道表双方都知道 的原因的原因,语气较弱。语气较弱。as,sinceas,since 和和now that now that 引导的从句多位于主句引导的从句多位于主句 之前。之前。Now that you

44、have done Now that you have done that,stopthat,stop blaming yourself.blaming yourself.既然你已经做了既然你已经做了,就不要自责了。就不要自责了。特别提示特别提示 forfor也可用来表原因也可用来表原因,为并列连词为并列连词,起补充说明的作用。起补充说明的作用。He canHe cant t see,forsee,for he is blind.he is blind.他看不见他看不见,因为眼睛失明了。因为眼睛失明了。考点七结果状语从句考点七结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有引导结果状语从句的连词有:so

45、:so that,sothat,so.that,suchthat,such.that.that。其。其结构是结构是:1.so+adj./adv.+that 1.so+adj./adv.+that 从句从句 so+adj.+a(nso+adj.+a(n)+)+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that+that从句从句 so+manyso+many/much/little/few+/much/little/few+名词名词+that+that从句从句 2.such+a(n)+adj.+2.such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that+that从句从句 such+adjsuch+adj

46、.+.+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词+that+that从句从句 such+asuch+a lot of/lots of+lot of/lots of+名词名词+that+that 从句从句 3.3.主句主句+so that+so that从句从句 It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.=It was so cold a day that there was nobody in t

47、he street.=It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.=It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.=It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.天气非常冷天气非常冷,街上一个人也没有。街上一个人也没有。考点八目的状语从句考点八目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有引导目的状语从句的连词有:so:so that,inthat,in order order that,forth

48、at,for fear that,fear that,in in case,lestcase,lest 等。等。1.so that 1.so that 与与 in order that(in order that(表肯定表肯定)in order that in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后,而而so that so that 引导引导 的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can,may,could,mightcan,may,could,might等情等情 态动词连用。态动词连用。John spoke thr

49、ough a microphone so that he could be heard John spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard in every room.in every room.为了让每个房间的人都能听到他的声音为了让每个房间的人都能听到他的声音,约翰用麦克风讲话。约翰用麦克风讲话。In order that we might see the In order that we might see the sunrise,wesunrise,we started for the started for the pe

50、ak early.peak early.为了能看到日出为了能看到日出,我们早早地出发去山顶。我们早早地出发去山顶。2.for fear 2.for fear that,inthat,in case case 与与 lest(lest(表否定表否定)这三个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用这三个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should+)(should+)动词原形动词原形”。He wrote the name down for fear that/in case/lest he(should)He wrote the name down for fear that/in case/le