英语五 主谓一致 新人教版.ppt

《英语五 主谓一致 新人教版.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语五 主谓一致 新人教版.ppt（43页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Her mother is working on the farm.她妈妈在农场工作。To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。What he said is very important for u

2、s all.他说的话对我们很重要。The children were in the classroom two hours ago.两小时前孩子们都在教室里。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下读书对眼睛不好。注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的

3、，所做的都对你有帮助。2.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.那个男孩和那个女孩听到消息后很惊讶。Both she and he are middle school students.他和她是中学生。注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。例如：The writer and artist has come.那个兼有

4、作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,more than a（an），many a（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.每个学生和每个老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有一个男孩一个女孩喜欢它。3.主语为单数名词或代词，即使后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less

5、than，besides,including等引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。例如：Mr.Black，together with his wife and children，has come to China.布莱克先生和他的妻子、孩子们一起来到了中国。Nobody but Tom and John was on the playground.操场上除了汤姆和约翰没有别人。She，like you and Jenny，is very tall.她像你和珍妮一样，非常高。4.either，neither，each，every 或no+单数名词和由some，any，

6、no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。例如：Each of us has a new book.我们每个人都有一本新书。Everything around us is matter.我们身边的一切都是物质。注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Neither of the texts is（are）interesting.这两本书没有一本有意思。（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：None of us ha

7、s（have）been to America.我们中没有一个人去过美国。5.在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些工作努力的朋友中的一个。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我的朋友中唯一一个工作努力的。6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family，class，crowd,commit

8、tee，population，audience等。例如：Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班的人在选谁当班长的事情上无法达成一致。注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。例如：The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。7.由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数

9、或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。例如：There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。The rest of the lecture is wonderful.演讲的余下部分很精彩。50%of the students in our class are girls.我们班百分之五十的人是女生。注意：a number of（许多），作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数；the number of（的数量），主语是number，谓语用单数。8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如：There

10、comes the bus.公交来了。On the wall are many pictures.墙上有很多的画。Such is the result.结果就是这样。Such are the facts.事实就是这样。逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1.what，who，which，any，more，all等代词作主语，谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可用复数形式，主要靠意思来决定。例如：Which is your bag？哪一个是你的包 Which are your bags？哪些是你的包？All is goi

11、ng well.一切顺利。All have gone to Beijing.所有人都去北京了。逻辑意义一致原则2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.完成这项工作，三十分钟足矣。3.若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本有趣的故事书。4.表数量的短语one and a half

12、后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。例如：One and a half apples is（are）left on the table.桌上留有一个半苹果。5.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Twelve plus eight is twenty.十二加八等于二十。Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.五十六除以八等于七。6.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如mathematics，politics，physics 以及以s结尾的news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们

13、作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：The paper works was built in 1990.这家纸厂成立于1990年。I think physics isnt easy to study.我认为物理不是很容易学。7.trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那双鞋是他的。8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”表示某一类人时

14、，谓语动词用复数。The rich get richer,and the poor get poorer.富人更富，穷人更穷。就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由eitheror，neithernor，whetheror，not onlybut also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。例如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends.那个老师或者那些学生是我们的好朋友。Neither they nor he is wholly right.不论是他们还是他都不全对。2.there be

15、句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。例如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。.单句填空1.More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programmes _（be）in England.【解析】“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。programmes为复数，故谓语动词也要用复数形式。【答案】1.are2.“All _(be)pre

16、sent and all _(be)going on well”，our monitor said.【解析】句意：班长说：“所有人都在场，一切顺利。”all作主语时，指人用复数，指物用单数。【答案】2.are;is3.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _(be)asked to make a speech at the meeting.【解析】句意：昨天，我们的团委书记，也是我们的班长，被要求在会议上发言。and连接的两个词共一个冠词，表示同一个人，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】3.was4.Mary as well as her siste

17、rs _(study)Chinese in China now.【解析】Mary为单数意义词，尽管其后连接由as well as引导的短语，谓语动词的数仍然要由Mary这个词决定。【答案】4.is studying5.It is known to all that the rich _(be)not always happy.【解析】句意：众所周知，富人并不总是快乐的。定冠词the+形容词表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数。【答案】5.are6.The police _(search)for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in

18、a theatre.【解析】句意：警察正在到处寻找凶手，这时，他突然出现在剧院。police作主语时，谓语一般用复数形式。【答案】6.were searching7.Air pollution,together with littering,_(cause)many problems in our large industrial cities today.【解析】句意：如今，空气污染与乱丢垃圾,在我们大工业城市引起了许多问题。由together with 连接的两部分，其后的谓语动词与其前的部分保持一致，其后的部分只是一个补充说明。【答案】7.causes8.The Olympic Game

19、s _(be)a major international event of summer and winter sports,in which thousands of athletes compete in a wide variety of events.【解析】句意：奥运会是一个夏季和冬季的重要国际体育赛事，期间数千名运动员在很多赛事中竞技。the Olympic Games作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。【答案】8.are9.All possible means _(try),but it seems that they have a long way to go.【解析】名词mean

20、s(方法)的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定。此处means与all 连用，表示复数意义，意为“所有方法”。【答案】9.have been tried10.What a pity!All his property,the books,the pictures and the house,_(be)consumed by the big fire.【解析】句意：真遗憾!他所有的财产书籍、照片和房子,都被大火吞噬了。句中的主语是his property,其后的the books,the pictures and the house,是它的同位语。主谓一致，是指谓语应与主语保持

21、一致。【答案】10.was11.Neither of the novels which _(be)popular with us _(translate)into Chinese so far.【解析】句意：到目前为止，受我们欢迎的两本小说都未被翻译成汉语。which引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是novels，novels为复数名词，所以定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。而主句的主语为neither引导的名词短语，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】11.are；has been translated12.A growing number of people _(begin)to believe tha

22、t learning new skills and knowledge _(contribute)to more promotion opportunities.【解析】句意：越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技能和知识能帮他们获得更多的提升机会。a number of 表示许多，连接名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。动名词短语作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。【答案】12.are beginning；contributes13.What he has said _(leave)much for us to think about.【解析】left what引导的主语从句后面谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。【

23、答案】13.leaves/has14.There _(be)a small quantity of water left in the bottle.【解析】there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。water为不可数名词，所以此处be动词要用单数形式。【答案】14.is15.The variety of goods on sale in that shop _(be)surprising.【解析】the variety of 意为“的种类/多样性”，其后接名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】15.is16.Machines of this kind _(help)us a

24、lot in our daily life.【解析】machines of this kind 中心词为machines，machines是复数名词，谓语要用复数形式。【答案】16.Help17.Tom as well as two of his friends _(invite)to the party yesterday.【解析】Tom为单数意义词，尽管其后连接由as well as引导的短语，谓语动词的数仍然要由Tom这个词决定。【答案】17.was invited18.The film Gone with the Wind _(shoot)in Atlanta,the US,becau

25、se the novel was set in the American Civil War.【解析】句意：电影乱世佳人是在美国亚特兰大拍摄的,因为这部小说是以美国内战为背景。本句的主语是the film,是单数，Gone with the Wind是其同位语。【答案】18.was shot19.Over the Yangtze River _(build)ten grand bridges in Wuhan so far,and another one is said to be finished next year.【解析】句意：到目前为止,在武汉段已建成十座长江大桥,另一座新桥据说将在明

26、年完成。本句是一个倒装结构，句子的主语是ten grand bridges,因此谓语动词用复数，又因so far 意为“到目前为止”，故谓语动词用现在完成时。【答案】19.have been built20.Mr.Smith is one of the foreign teachers who _(be)working in our school.【解析】定语从句中谓语动词单复数要由先行词决定，此处先行词为teachers，所以从句中用表复数意义的be动词are。【答案】20.are.单句改错1.There are 60 students in Toms class and thirty pe

27、rcent is from Wuhan.【解析】thirty percent后省略了of the students。【答案】1.isare2.John together with his workmates are playing football over there.【解析】此句真正的主语是John。【答案】2.areis3.A large number of students are gathering at the school gate,and the number of them are reaching 100.【解析】the number of them的中心词为number，

28、是单数形式。【答案】3.第二个are is 4.The writer and translator are delivering a speech in front of a large number of audience in our school.【解析】The writer and translator是一个人。【答案】4.areis5.In fact,not only Mary and I but also Jane are tired of having an exam after another.【解析】就近原则，谓语动词的数和Jane保持一致。【答案】5.areis6.“If

29、anybody want to buy the book,please put down his name,”said the teacher to the monitor.【解析】anybody为单数。【答案】6.wantwants7.Nothing but one desk and six chairs are in the room.【解析】主语为Nothing。【答案】7.areis8.Between the two roads stand a TV tower called“Skyscraper Tower”.【解析】句意：两条路间矗立着一座被称为“摩天塔”的电视塔。此句为倒装句，真

30、正的主语为a TV tower。【答案】8.standstands9.The hungry children care so little about their meals that anything will do so long as the food fill their stomachs.【解析】句意：那些饥饿的孩子不在意他们的饮食,只要能填满他们的肚子，什么食物都行。从句中的主语food是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。【答案】9.fill fills10.Where to get the materials and how to get them has not been discu

31、ssed at the meeting.【解析】此句的主语为Where to get the materials and how to get them，这是两件事。【答案】10.hashave11.Neither you nor your brother have passed the test.【解析】就近原则，谓语动词的数和your brother 保持一致。【答案】11.havehas12.Every student and every teacher are going to attend the meeting.【解析】由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no、each、ever

32、y修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】12.areis13.Three fourths of the bread were eaten by Bob,and the rest was left on the table.【解析】“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。bread是不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数。【答案】13.werewas14.My glasses is broken and I need to buy a new pair.【解析】glasses（眼镜）是复数意义，故谓语动词用are。【答案】14.isare15.All the

33、class is expected to finish the exercise today except Jenny.【解析】class此处指的是全班同学。【答案】15.isare16.Other forms of intelligence has been proposed;among them,emotional intelligence and practical intelligence are perhaps the best known.【解析】句意：还有人提出其他形式的智力，其中最广为人知的要数情感智力和实践智力。主语为forms，谓语动词用复数。【答案】16.hashave1

34、7.Bettys working all night in such cold weather have caused her to suffer from a high fever and terrible cough.【解析】句意：在这样寒冷的天气里，贝蒂工作一整夜，这导致她发高烧和严重咳嗽。句中Bettys working all night in such cold weather是动名词短语作主语，其后应跟单数动词。【答案】17.have has18.Large quantities of information has been offered since the organiza

35、tion was built.【解析】large quantities of后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词，其谓语动词都用复数。【答案】18.hashave19.She is the only one among the women writers who write stories for children.【解析】句意：她是众多女作家中唯一一位写儿童故事的。who write stories for children为定语从句，其主语为the only one。【答案】19.writewrites20.A great deal of talking and listening that occur under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.【解析】句意：发生在随意场景下的大量说和听，可能看起来目标性不那么强。A great deal of 后面接不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】20.occuroccurs