英语第八章 动词的时态.ppt

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1、第第 八八 章章 动动 词词 的的 时时 态态时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，时态结构 指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语中，动词有16种时态，但初中英语要求掌握六种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。考考 点点 1 一一 般般 现现 在在 时时 1.一般现在时的用法和构成(1)表示现在的状态:She is 12 years old.(2)表示经常或习惯性的动作:He goes to work by bus every day.(3)表示主语具备的性格和能力:The boy is able to spe

2、ak English very well.(4)普遍的真理和自然规律:Light travels much faster than sound.否定句主语+be(am/is/are)+not+表语:She is not/isnt 12 years old.主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+宾语:He doesnt go to work by bus every day.肯定句主语+is/am/are+表语:He is 13 years old.主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数+宾语:He goes to work by bus every day.标志词:(1)sometimes，oft

3、en，usually，always(2)every day/week/month/year(3)on Sunday/Monday(4)once a week，twice a month(5)in the morning/afternoon/evening特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+表语:How old is she？疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+宾语:How does he go to work every day？一般疑问句Be+主语+表语:Is she 12 years old？Do/Does+主语+动词原形+宾语:Does he go to work by bus every

4、 day？2.动词第三人称单数的构成方式构成方式构成方式举例举例(1)一般在词尾加-s swim swims，like likes，(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的动词后加-es fix fixes，pass passes，wash washes，watch watches(3)不发音的e结尾的动词只在e后面加-s write writes，ride rides(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es study studies，fly flies(5)不规则变化have has，go goes do does 真题热身真题热身()1.Whats your father?He

5、is a doctor.He _ in a local hospital.(2015绵阳市)1.worked B.has worked C.works D.will work()2.Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_.(2015潍坊市)A.will begin B.has begun C.begins D.is beginning中 考 真 题CC考考 点点 2 一一 般般 过过 去去 时时 1.一般过去时的用法和构成(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:I stayed up late whe

6、n I was in Grade 9.否定句主语+wasnt/werent+表语She wasnt in Shanghai 3 days ago.主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语They didnt have a good time last night.(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作:My father used to be a worker.肯定句主语+was/were+表语:She was in Shanghai 3 days ago.主语+动词过去式:They had a good time last night.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+表语:Was she in Sh

7、anghai 3 days ago？Did+主语+动词原形+宾语:Did they have a good time last night？特殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+表语:When was she in Shanghai？疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语:What did your father use to be？标志词:(1)last+(2)yesterday，the day before yesterday(3)ago(4)just now(5)after+一段时间，after a while，after ten minutes(6)表示过去的时间词2.动词过去式的构

8、成方式构成方式构成方式举例举例(1)一般在词尾加-ed jump jumped，climb climbed(2)以e结尾的动词后只加-d like liked,dance danced(3)以辅音字母y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed carry carried，study studied(4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写最后一字母再加-ed stop stopped，plan planned(5)不规则变化sit sat，read read中考 真题()Have you ever been to Xiamen？Yes.I _ there in 2013.(2015龙岩市)A.go B.we

9、nt C.have goneB 真题热身真题热身考点3 现在进行时(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：Listen，whos singing？(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。如：We are preparing the final examinations these days.(3)瞬间动词(如come，go，leave，arrive，start，die等)用现在进行时表示将来。如：Be quick，the bus is coming.肯定句主语+be(is，am，are)+doing:We are listening to mus

10、ic now.否定句主语+be not+doing:She isnt sleeping at the moment.一般疑问句Be+主语+doing:Is she sleeping at the moment？特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+doing:What is she doing at the moment？标志词:(1)Listen！/Look！(2)now，at the moment，at present(3)these days，this month(4)all the time，always(含有感情色彩，表示厌烦、赞扬等)(5)while引导的状语从句中(6)上下文提示2.动词

11、现在分词的构成方式构成方式构成方式举例举例(1)一般在词尾加-ing jump jumping，read reading(2)以不发音e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing dance dancing，make making(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写最后一个字母再加-ing shop shopping，plan planning(4)不规则变化lie lying，die dying，tie tying 真题热身真题热身()1.What are you doing now,Lily?I _ music.(2015龙岩市)A.am listening to B.listen to C.will

12、listen to()2.Pass the raincoat to me,please.It _ hard now.Here you are.（2016福州市)A.is raining B.rained C.will rain中 考 真 题AA考考 点点 4 过过 去去 进进 行行 时时(1)表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态:She was watching TV at nine last night.过去进行时的用法和构成(2)表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行：I got home when my mother was cooking din

13、ner.(3)表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while连接：Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music.肯定句主语+was/were+doing:We were watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.否定句主语+wasnt/werent+doing:We werent watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing:Were you watching a movie from 7 to 9 la

14、st night？特殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+doing When were you watching a movie last night？(1)at that time，then(那时)(2)at this time yesterday，at 8 oclock yesterday，from 6 to 8 last night(3)when，while，all morning标志词:真题热身真题热身()1.How did the accident happen?The girl _ WeChat(微信)while walking across the street.(2016漳

15、州市)A.reads B.is reading C.was reading()2.Miss Lin _ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school.She is really a nice teacher.(2015福州市)A.helps B.is helping C.was helping中考真题CC考考 点点 5 一一 般般 将将 来来 时时 一般将来时的用法和构成(1)表示将来的动作或状态:He will go to the USA soon.(2)be going to do表示准备或打算做某事或根据迹象表明“将会发生某事”:Im

16、going to visit my aunt this weekend.(3)be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情，常用这种结构的有come，go，leave，arrive，start等:He is leaving for the USA soon.肯定句主语+will+动词原形He will teach us English next term.主语+be going to+动词原形Jim is going to have a party soon.否定句主语+will not/wont+动词原形He wont teach us English next term.主语+be no

17、t going to+动词原形Jim isnt going to have a party soon.一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形:Will he teach us English next term？Be+主语+going to+动词原形:Is Jim going to have a party soon？特殊疑问句疑问词+will+主语+动词原形:What will he teach us next term？疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形:When are you going to visit your aunt？标志词:(1)next week/month/yea

18、r(2)“in+一段时间”：in a week/two days/ten minutes(3)tomorrow，the day after tomorrow(4)表示将来的时间词：soon，in 2019，at the end of this year真题热身真题热身()Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3,Kelly?Not yet.I _ it with my classmate tonight.(2016泉州市)A.will watch B.was watching C.have watched中 考 真 题A考考 点点 6 现现

19、在在 完完 成成 时时 1.现在完成时的用法和构成(1)表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响和结果。如：Ive finished my homework，so Im watching TV now.(2)表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。如：I have worked in the company for 10 years.肯定句主语+has/have+动词过去分词。如：She has already seen the movie.否定句主语+hasnt/havent+动词过去分词。如：She hasnt seen the movie yet.一般疑问句Has/Have+主语

20、+动词过去分词,如：Has she seen the movie yet？特殊疑问句疑问词+has/have+主语+动词过去分词,如：How long have you worked in the company？(1)already(肯定句句中)，yet(疑问句或否定句句末)，ever(疑问句句中)，never，just(2)so far(到目前为止)，in the last/past years(在过去的年里)(3)for+一段时间，for ten years，for an hour(4)since+ago，since 10 years ago，since an hour agosince

21、+时间点，since last night，since 2013since+一般过去时的从句，since we last met，since he came here，标志词2.延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化(详见“第七章 动词和动词短语”)短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，即不能与for或since短语连用，要把动词或时间状语作适当调整，如把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。如：误：The old man died for 3 years./The old man died since 3 years ago.正：The old man died 3 years ago.The old m

22、an has been dead for 3 years./The old man has been dead since 3 years ago.(1)have been to意为“去过”，常与表示次数的副词连用。如：I have been to Australia a few times.3.重点区分：have been to，have gone to，have been in(2)have gone to意为“去了”，强调已离开说话者所在的地方，在路上或已经到了目的地。如：You cant see Mary at the moment，for she has gone to Austra

23、lia.(3)have been in意为“已经在”，强调已经在目的地了，与表示时间段的介词短语连用。如：I have been in Australia for 6 years.(1)It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句(动词用过去式)，如：Its been three years since we last met.(2)一段时间+has passed+since 从句(动词用过去式)，如：Three years has passed since we last met.4.关注句型：真题热身真题热身()1.The boy misses his parents very much.So he does.They _ the hometown for nearly two years.（2016福州市)A.have left B.will leave C.have been away from()2.Its the second time I came to Xiamen.It a lot.Yes,its more and more beautiful.（2016厦门市)A.was changing B.has changed C.will changed中考真题CB