英语第六章 连词与介词.ppt

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1、第六章第六章 连词和介词连词和介词第六章第六章 连词和介词连词和介词第一节第一节 连词连词 连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分，它只是起连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词主要分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。考点一：并列连词考点一：并列连词考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 英语中由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成的句子叫并列句。英语中的并列句不能只用逗号将分句隔开，而应该加分号或并列连词将分句隔开。按照用途分类，并列连词可表示并列、选择、转折、对比、因果等几类关系。表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词1.and连接并列分句,表示意义的引申,

2、分句间有着平行、因果、顺接、评论、对比或条件等关系。如：He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor.（平行平行关系关系）Peter heard someone crying for help and he ran out.（因果关系因果关系）考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词 He went into the restaurant and found a table by the window.（顺接关系顺接关系）He missed the opening ceremony,and thats a pity.（评

3、论关系评论关系）Tom likes singing and Jane likes dancing.（对比关对比关系系）Work hard and youll make it.（条件关系条件关系）=If you work hard,you will make it.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词2.在否定句中列举并列成分不用and，而用or。如：We cant eat or drink in the computer room.There is no air or water on the Moon.=There i

4、s no air and no water on the Moon.3.“both and”（既（既又又），），“neither nor”（既不（既不也不也不），），as well as（和）（和）以及以及“not only but also”（不仅（不仅而且而且）既可连接两个名词或）既可连接两个名词或代词，也可连接谓语动词。代词，也可连接谓语动词。考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词 注意注意：“both and”连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“not only but also”和“neither nor”连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人

5、称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致（就近原则），also有时可以省略；as well as前后连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与as well as前面的主语一致。如：Bill is both a good cook and a good dancer.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词 Both Peter and Tom are students.Neither he nor I am going there.=Neither I nor he is going there.Peter as well as me is a student.No

6、t only you but(also)he is a top student.=Not only he but(also)you are a top student.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词表示选择关系的并列连词 or（或者），“either or”（或者或者 /不是就是）等，在两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式在人称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致（就近一致）。如：You may go or stay.Either you or I am crazy.=Either I or you are crazy.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示转折和对比

7、关系的并列连词表示转折和对比关系的并列连词 表示转折和对比关系的词有or，but，yet和while。but一般表示转折，指和上一分句的情况相反；yet表示转折，语气比but强烈；while表示对比，语气并不很强。考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示转折和对比关系的并列连词表示转折和对比关系的并列连词 如：I must go now,or I will miss the last train.I would like to go with you,but I cant.He was not very rich,yet he was very happy.He likes dancing wh

8、ile I like singing.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词表示因果关系的并列连词for（因为，由于）表示补充说明理由，一般不用于句首；so（所以）表示结果。如：She felt no fear,for she is a brave girl.I am tired,so I stayed at home.即学即练即学即练即学即练即学即练用and，but，or，while，for或so填空。1.The dress fits me well,_ I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.2.When you a

9、re learning English,use it,_ you will lose it.3.It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home.4.He is short _ his brother is tall.5.The shop is quite new,_ it has been open for a week.6.He likes English _ he is good at it.考点考点一：并列连词一：并列连词butorsoandwhilefor从属连词用于状语从句中，用于引导从句，与主句从属连词用于状语从句中，用于引导从句，与主句一

10、起构成主从复合句。一起构成主从复合句。考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词用途用途连词连词引导时间状语从句when/while当时候 since自从以来 after在之后 before在之前 as soon as一就 until直到引导条件状语从句if如果（注意：当if 意为“是否”时引导宾语从句）unless除非引导原因状语从句 because因为 since既然引导目的状语从句 in order that /so that 以便，以致（续表）注意下列从属连词用法注意下列从属连词用法1.until引导从句时，在肯定句中，主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词，意为“一直到结束”；在否定句中，主句的谓语动

11、词必须为瞬间性动词，意为“直到才开始”。2.如：He waited until his mother came back.考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词用途用途连词连词引导结果状语从句so that /such that 如此以至于引导让步状语从句 though /although虽然引导比较状语从句 as as 像一样 He did not leave until his mother came back.2.If（如果），unless（除非）和as soon as（尽快），when（当时候）等引导从句时，主句是将来时或含有情态动词或祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：I will go

12、 if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Call me when he comes back.You shouldnt speak loudly in class unless you raise your hand to ask a question.考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词3.when 和while 都有“当时候”的意思，但while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态的延续性动词，而when 不受此影响。如：Please buy me some stamps while you are in the post office.4.“as as ”意为“像一

13、样”，引导比较状语从句，结构中要用形容词或副词的原级。如：He can run as fast as his brother.考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词5.although /though和but，because 和so 不能出现在同一个句子中，但although和 yet 可以。如：Though it is raining,they are still working in the field.Because he got up late,he was late for school.6.“so that”与“such that ”引导结果状语从句，要注意主句和从句的时态要一致。考点二

14、：从属连词考点二：从属连词 so+形容词+a /an+单数名词+that such+a /an+形容词+单数名词+that such+形容词+复数名词 /不可数名词+that 如：so young a boy=such a young boysuch interesting books so many books 考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词形容词副词many /few+复数可数名词much /little+不可数名词so+that常用搭配有：He is so young a boy that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy tha

15、t he cant go to school.=The boy is so young that he cant go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school.考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词即学即练即学即练选择适当的单词填空选择适当的单词填空1._(Though/So)it is sunny,the temperature is very low.2.Were leaving for Guangzhou _(if/when)it is fine tom

16、orrow.3.He may be ill,_(because /when)he is absent today.4.Spring comes _(since /after)winter.5.He is _(so /such)smart that he can do it himself.6.I was cooking _(when /while)she came in.Thoughifbecauseaftersowhen即学即练即学即练即学即练即学即练7.I will call you _(until /as soon as)I get there.8.He is _(such /so)a

17、good student that he often gets high marks.9.He didnt go to bed _(until /because)he finished the work.10.You must speak louder _(so that /such that)I can hear you.考点二：从属连词考点二：从属连词as soon assuchuntilso that第二节第二节 介词介词 介词是一种表示单词与单词、单词与句子之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分,一般用在名词、名词短语或相当于名词短语的结构前。它可与动词和名词构成短语,表示时间、地

18、点、空间和其他关系。考点一：介词的分类考点一：介词的分类考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法用考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法用考点四：表示原因的介词的基本用法考点四：表示原因的介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点一：介词的分类考点一：介词的分类1.简单介词at，between，in等2.合成介词into，without等3.短语介词because of，instead of等4.二重介词，from behind，until after 5.分词介词，including，regarding

19、（关于）等考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法1.at 和in表示“在某地”。at后接小地方；in后接大地方 如：in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站2.In，on和to都表示“位于”。in 表示在某范围 之内的位置；on表示两个地方接壤；to表示不接壤。考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法如：Taiwan lies in the south-east of China.Shandong Province lies on the north of Jiangsu Province.J

20、apan lies to the east of China.3.between和among都表示“在之间”。between用于表示两者之间；among主要用于表示三者或三者以上的事物之间。如：Dont tell others.Its a secret between us.The teacher is standing among the students.考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法4.above,over和on都表示“在之上”，below和under表示“在下面”。above表示“高于”，表示相对高度，反义词是below；over表示“在正

21、上方”，反义词是under；on表示“在之上”，与物体表面接触。如：The plane is flying above the clouds.There is a village below the mountain.There is a bridge over the river.There is a ball under the table.There is a book on the desk.考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法5.by，beside和near都表示“在附近”。by表示“在旁边，紧挨着”；beside表示在旁边或紧靠，相当于nex

22、t to；near表示在时间或空间上距离很近。如：I like playing by the sea.He is standing beside Peter.He lives near /by the river.考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法6.across和through表示“穿过，通过”。across表示从表面穿过、横跨过；through则强调空间概念，表示从内部穿过。如：He walked across the road.He can go through the forest by himself.考点二：表示场所、方位的考点二：表示场所

23、、方位的介词的基本用法介词的基本用法7.in和into表示“进入内”；on和onto表示“在（到）上”。in和on侧重于表示状态；into和onto侧重于表示动作。如：He works in a factory.He put his book into his backpack.The book on the table is mine.The workers lifted the goods onto the truck.考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法1.at，on和in用来表示年、月、日、时刻等。（1）at用于表示钟点或在某一时刻，有时用在节日前。如：at

24、 6 oclock at Christmas （2）on用于表示某日或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上等。如：on Friday on Monday morning （3）in用在年份、月份和季节前面或用于某一段时间。如：in summer in 2014 考点三：表示时间的介词的考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法基本用法2.before和after表示时间前后。如：You must go back home before 12 p.m.He went to bed after finishing his homework.3.for，during，through，throughout，betwee

25、n，in和within等表示一段时间。如：He stayed here for 5 weeks.During /In the past 2 years,he has made great progress.考点三：表示时间的介词的考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法基本用法 for，during，through，throughout，between，in和within等表示一段时间。如：Some animals sleep all through the winter.There are many heroes throughout history.He was playing games bet

26、ween 7 and 9 last night.I will be back in 10 minutes.His computer has broken down 3 times within a day.考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法考点三：表示时间的介词的基本用法4.from和since表示时间起点（since后面接从句时用作连词）。如：He works from morning to night.We have been friends since 3 years ago.5.by表示“到为止”。如：By the time he got to the cinema,the film h

27、ad been over.考点四：表示原因的介词的基本用法考点四：表示原因的介词的基本用法 如：He didnt go to school because of his illness.Mark had to leave his homeland for political reasons.The man died from car accident.His nose went red with cold.The man died of illness.考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法1.about和on表示“关于”。about是常用词，只是涉及但不详细或深入地探讨；on用

28、于有准备的正式语言交流，如演讲、讲学等。如：Can you tell me something about the accident?He will give us a talk on Mars.2.as意为“作为”。如：As a student,you should obey the school rules.考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法3.by，in和on表示乘坐交通工具。如：He went to work by bus /on a bike.He went to his office by taxi /in a taxi this morning.4.in意为“穿

29、着，戴着”。如：She is often in red.考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法5.like意为“像”。如：He talked to me like a stranger.6.with意为“和在一起”，还可用在“with+名词/代词+形容词”结构中。如：The man with his two children is playing happily.He often sleeps with his windows open.考点五：其他介词的基本用法考点五：其他介词的基本用法即学即练即学即练即学即练即学即练用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。1.I am good

30、_ English.2.He arrived _ England _ 6 oclock.3._ my surprise,he won first prize in the competition.4.Nothing can keep me _ coming _ school.5.There is a bridge _ the river.6.They didnt talk _ the phone for long.7.I paid 5 yuan _ the book.8.We couldnt finished the work on time _ your help.9.I am proud _ my son.10.He comes _ China.atinatTofromtooveronforwithoutoffrom