【课件】2025届高三英语一轮复习--句子成分和基本句型课件.pptx

《【课件】2025届高三英语一轮复习--句子成分和基本句型课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【课件】2025届高三英语一轮复习--句子成分和基本句型课件.pptx（48页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、一轮复习第一讲词性、短语、句子成分及基本句型目录01020304CONTENTS 词性及短语的分类句子成分句子结构及分类基本句型Part 01词性及短语英语词类分十种：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、感叹词。动词(verbv./vb/)形容词(adjectiveadj./dktv/)数词(numeralnum./njmrl/)代词(pronounpron./prnan/)冠词(articleart./tkl/)连词(conjunctionconj./kndkn/)副词(adverbadv./dvb/)名词(nounn./nan/)介词(prepositionprep./

2、prepzn/)感叹词(interjectioninterj./ntdekn/)词性英语词类分十种：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、感叹词。6种英语种英语实词：实词：（有实义，有词性变化，（有实义，有词性变化，在在句中可独立担任句子成分句中可独立担任句子成分）：）：名词、动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、数词、代词代词4种英语种英语虚词虚词：（起结构作用起结构作用，在句中表明在句中表明词和词或句子中各个部分的词和词或句子中各个部分的关关系系）冠词、介词、连词和感叹词冠词、介词、连词和感叹词英语词类分十种：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词

3、、代词、感叹词。1boy，morning，bag，ball，class，orange名词(nounn./nan/):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。2am，is，are，have，see动词(verbv./vb/):表示动作或状态。3good，right，white，orange形容词(adjectiveadj./dktv/)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。4now，very，here，often，quietly，slowly副词(adverbadv./dvb/):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、方式、程度等。5one，two，three，fourfirst，second，thir

4、d，fourth数词(numeralnum./njmrl/):表示数目【基数词】或事物的顺序【序数词】。英语词类分十种：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、感叹词。6in，on，from，above，behind介词(prepositionprep./prepzn/):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。7a，an，the冠词(articleart./tkl/)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。8and，but，before连词(conjunctionconj./kndkn/):用来连接词、短语或句子。9who，she，you，it代词(pronounpron./prna

5、n/):主要用来代替名词。10oh，well，hi，hello感叹词(interjectioninterj./ntdekn/)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。短语(Phrases)是英语中有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语(nounphrases)、动词短语(verbphrases)、形容词短语(adjectivephrases)、副词短语(adverbialphrases)、介词短语(prepositionalphrases)等。英语短语可在句中充当主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语等。短语*Noun phrase*Verb phra

6、se*Adjective phrase*Adverbial phrase*Prepositional phrase infact;outofcontrolasilkdress;areadingroomlookafter;comeupwitheagerto;awareofverywell;againandagainPart 02句子成分句子成分（句法成分）：句子的组成部分。主要包括：【主谓宾表，定状补同】主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。句子成分主要成分？次要成分？主要成分次要成分1.主语主语(subject)主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，句子中的陈述对象.一般在句

7、首,动词前面。一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。1.WestudyinLianPingMiddleSchool.2.Ourclassroomisveryclean.3.ToteachyouEnglishismyjob.4.Surfing,divingandswimmingareallwatersports.5.Fourplusfouriseight.6.Whatyousaidmademesad.7.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.8.Itmademeexcitedthatdadboughtmeacomputer.代词代词名词名词不定式不定式动名词动名词数词数词

8、从句从句the+adj.it作形式主语作形式主语即时测试1分析句子成分(1)(2023新高考全国卷)This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days._作主语(2)(2023新高考全国卷)Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids._作主语(3)What benefits us most in learning

9、 English is reading various books._作主语(4)To choose a suitable present for her father is difficult._作主语(5)It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over.It作_，whether 引导的从句作_名词名词动词动词-ing形式形式主语从句主语从句动词不定式动词不定式形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语2.谓语谓语(verb)表示主语的动作或状态。【时态、语态】必须由动词充当。一般在主语后面，和主

10、语在人称和数方面必须一致【主谓一致】。谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。(1)简单谓语：是由单个动词或动词词组组成的。Shealwaysstudieshard.Heoftenlistenstomusic.(2)复合谓语：由“情态动词或助动词+实义动词”“系表结构”构成.HecanspeakEnglish.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.Ididseeheryesterday.Sheisgoodatsinginganddancing.情态动词+v原助动词+v助动词+v系表结构动词分类助动词助动词(辅助动词辅助动词AuxiliaryVerb）1.协助主要动词构成谓语协助主要动

11、词构成谓语的词叫助动词的词叫助动词,被协助的动词称作主要动词被协助的动词称作主要动词（MainVerb）。）。2.用来用来构成时态和语态构成时态和语态,也可也可构成疑问句和否定句构成疑问句和否定句，构成否定句时与，构成否定句时与否定副词否定副词not连用。连用。3.最常用的助动词有：最常用的助动词有：be，have/has，do/does/did，shall，should，will，would等。等。情态动词情态动词（Modalverb）1.表示说话人对这一动作或状态的表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想看法或主观设想。2.后接后接动词原形动词原形一起构成谓语一起构成谓语，否定在情态动词

12、，否定在情态动词后面加后面加“not”3.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化，过去式用来表达更加过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉客气，委婉的语气，的语气，4.常常用用：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)。实义动词实义动词（行为动词）（行为动词）1.词义完整，能词义完整，能独立作谓语独立作谓语，表示实实在在有意思的动词。表示实实在在有意思的动词。2.可分成：可分成：及物及物动词动词vt.（transitiveverb）和）和不及物不及物动词动词vi.（intransitiveverb

13、）。）。3.有有时态时态/语态语态之分之分,有有人称和数人称和数的变化的变化【主谓一致】【主谓一致】系动词系动词（连系动词（连系动词LinkingVerb）本身有词义，但本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成补语），构成系表结构系表结构说明主语的说明主语的特征、性质、状况特征、性质、状况等情况。等情况。动词分类即时测试2标出以下句子中的谓语(1)(2023新高考全国卷)Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and an

14、imals.(2)(2023新高考全国卷)She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition.(3)The English programme is widely popular among us students.(4)We can make full use of the extensive educational resources online to broaden the horizons.3.宾语宾语(object)表示动作的对象或结果。用在及物动词或介词后面，构成“动宾”或“介宾”一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充

15、当。1.Sheisplayingthepiano.2.Heoftenhelpsme.3.Helikestosleepintheopenair.4.Heisaddictedtosmoking.5.WeenjoylivinginChina.6.IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglish.有些动词可接双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。1.Pleasepassmethebook.=Pleasepassthebooktome.2.Heboughthersomeflowers.=Heboughtsomeflowersforher.名词名词代词代词不定式不定式动名词动名词动名词动名词it作形式

16、宾语作形式宾语常见可接双宾语的动词常见可接双宾语的动词：tell,teach,bring,send,return,offer,pay,award等等。即时测试3分析句子成分(1)(2023全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment._作宾语(2)If you concentrate on what you dont have,you will never,ever have enough._作宾语

17、(3)Dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers._作宾语(4)My teacher gave me a lot of valuable advice on how to improve my writing.me为_宾语，a lot of valuable advice为_宾语(5)No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.it作_，to go for a walk before breakfa

18、st为动词不定式作_名词名词宾语从句宾语从句动词不定式动词不定式间接间接直接直接形式宾语形式宾语真正真正的的宾语宾语4.表语表语(predicative)说明主语的身份或特征。位于系动词后面。1.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.2.Iamateacher.3.Jimisout.4.Nowtheyareathome.5.Imnotquitemyselftoday.6.Hegotlostintheforest.7.Hishobbyisswimming.8.MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.9.ThebookiswhatIneed.形容词形容词名词名词副词副词介词短

19、语介词短语反身代词反身代词过去分词过去分词动名词动名词不定式不定式表语从句表语从句状态“是”be持续“继续或保持”keep,remain,stay,lie表像“看起来像”seem,appear,look感官look,feel,smell,sound,taste变化“变成.”become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run终止“证明是，结果是”prove,turnout系动词即时测试4分析句子成分(1)(2023新高考全国卷)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some

20、sludge(污泥)._作表语(2)(2023新高考全国卷)The flight was uneventful,and Tiffy was a great passenger.uneventful为_作表语；a great passenger为_作表语(3)To my great surprise,the message was from my father._作表语(4)Jason was determined not to go against his fathers wishes._作表语动词不定式动词不定式形容词形容词名词短语名词短语介词短语介词短语形容词形容词5.定语定语(attri

21、bute)用来修饰名词或代词,起类似于起类似于形容词形容词的修饰作用的修饰作用.1.Youareacleverboy.2.Iwanttotellyousomethingimportant.3.Hisfatherworksinashoefactory.4.Thereare66studentsinourclass.5.DoyouknowBettyssister?6.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.7.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.8.Wehavenothingtodo.9.HisspokenEnglishisgood.10.T

22、hegirlinredishissister.11.Doyouknowthemanwhostandsthere?冠词冠词+形容词形容词物主代词物主代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格冠词冠词+现在分词现在分词物主代词物主代词+过去分词过去分词介词短语介词短语形容词形容词现在分词短语现在分词短语定语从句定语从句不定式不定式冠词冠词+名词名词前置：单个形容词后置：短语、从句即时测试5分析句子成分(1)(2023新高考全国卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who of

23、ten come to check on the pandas.形容词visiting 作_定语，修饰名词zookeepers；who引导的定语从句作_定语，修饰名词zookeepers(2)It provides us with a good opportunity to have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture._作后置定语(3)Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives，including your own._作后置定语(4)The room is empty

24、except for a bookshelf standing in one corner._作后置定语(5)Bangladesh Relief provides food,clothing and essential supplies for disadvantaged people._作前置定语前置前置后置后置动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing形式形式形容词形容词6.状语状语(adverbial)修饰动词，形容词，副词，介短或句子,起类似于副词的作用。一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，结果，条件，让步和伴随等意义。1.Hediditcarefully.2

25、.Sheisveryenthusiasticaboutit.3.Heworksextremelyhard.4.Hecomestoseeuseveryday.5.Heisatthelibrarylookingupsomeinformation.6.Illbebackinawhile.7.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.8.Hewaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.9.Pleasecallmeupifitisnecessary.10.Shewasbeautifulwhenshewasagirl.副词副词副词副词副词副词频度副词频度副词动词动词

26、-ing作伴随状语作伴随状语介词短语作时间状语介词短语作时间状语介词短语作伴随状语介词短语作伴随状语介词短语作原因状语介词短语作原因状语if条件状语从句条件状语从句when时间状语从句时间状语从句即时测试6分析句子成分(1)(2023新高考全国卷)When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems._作状语(2)Tired and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to

27、reach the top of Mount Tai._作状语(3)To catch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early._作状语，表示_(4)The news reporters hurried to the airport,only to be told the film stars had left._作状语，表示出乎意料 自然而然的结果(5)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,turning the old town into a dr

28、eamland._作状语，表示 出乎意料自然而然的结果(6)Without his help,we couldnt have worked it out._作状语时间时间状语状语从句从句形容词形容词动词不定式动词不定式目的目的动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing形式形式介词短语介词短语7.1宾语补足语宾语补足语(objectcomplement)放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。1.Imademyroombeautiful.2.Icanseeherdancingthere.3.Hemadehimselfknowntothem.4.Sheaskedmetolendherm

29、ybike.5.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.6.Pleasekeepthedogout.7.WecallherMissZhang.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词常用于三类动词常用于三类动词:使役动词使役动词:keep,make,let,have,leave,get.感官动词感官动词:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch,lookat,listento,smell.ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/.sbtodosth;

30、等。等。consider/elect/appointsb(tobe)7.2主语补足语主语补足语(subjectcomplement)对主语进行补充说明。把下列句子改为被动语态:1.WesawTomdancinginhisroom.Tomwasseendancinginhisroom.2.TheyelectedJimmonitoroftheirclass.Jimwaselectedmonitoroftheirclass.3.Wewillmakeourcountrystrong.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.主动：主+动+宾+宾补被动：“宾”+bedone+“宾补”主动句的

31、宾语变成被动句的主语即时测试7分析句子成分(1)(2022新高考全国卷)The program invites guests to talk about certain topics,aimed at broadening students horizons._作宾语补足语(2)(2021全国乙卷)However,you will find it difficult to be smart online learners for some students without self-control and learning goals._作宾语补足语(3)He was caught cheat

32、ing on the exam._作主语补足语(4)He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others._作宾语补足语(5)I found myself in a foreign country,with no one to turn to._作宾语补足语动词不定式动词不定式形容词形容词动词动词-ing形式形式省略省略to的动词的动词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语8.同位语同位语(apposition)对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释,说明它

33、们的性质和情况。语法上处于同等地位1.Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2.Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3.Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4.Thenewsthatheisillworriesus.名词短语名词短语反身代词反身代词数词数词从句从句即时测试8分析句子成分(1)(2023新高考全国卷)Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.

34、_作同位语(2)The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country._作同位语(3)Thanks to the support from our community,you each have a chance to go to college._作同位语名词短语名词短语同位语从句同位语从句代词代词Part 03简单句与基本句型分析下列句子成分1.Everyonelaughed.2.Thebookspleasedthegirl.3.Iamastonished.4.Iheardh

35、imshouting.5.Heboughthissonsomebooks.6.Thereisanumbrellabehindthedoor.7.TheyounggirlwithlongblackhairisKate.8.Stephenapologizedatonce.9.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.10.IsawmyfriendTomstandingatthestation.简单句简单句1）SV主语谓语主语谓语(vi.)eg.Everyonelaughed.2)SVP主语谓语主语谓语(vt.)宾语宾语eg.Thebookspleasedthegirl.3)SVO主语系动

36、词表语主语系动词表语eg.Theplansoundsperfect.5）SVOiOd主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语e.g.Heboughthissonsomebooks.4)SVOC主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg.Iheardhimshouting.e.g.Thereisanumbrellabehindthedoor.6）therebe句型句型(+主语主语+状语状语)倒装：there 仅为引导词，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后【就近】双宾与复合宾语：间直双宾是句子主语动作的对象和内容；复合宾语：宾语是宾补的逻辑主语7.Theyounggirlwithlongblackh

37、airisKate.主主语语定定语语定定语语系系动动词词表表语语8.Stephenapologizedatonce.主主语语谓谓语语状状语语9.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语同同位位语语10.IsawmyfriendTomstandingatthestation.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语宾宾语语补补足足语语Part 04句子结构与分类句子分类句子分类1.按句子的结构可分3种：英语句式英语句式简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句只含有一个主谓结构的句子1.主谓主谓2.主谓宾主谓宾3.主系表主系表4.主谓双宾主谓双宾5.主谓

38、宾宾补主谓宾宾补6.therebe句型句型简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词/;/;+简单句简单句1.表示连接表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用分号分号，and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then等。等。2.表示表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。等。3.表示表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。等。4.表示表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so,for等。等。主句主句+从句从句1.定语从句定语从句2.状语从句状语从句3.名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾

39、语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句2.按句子的用途可分4种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shewontbelate.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Whatwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?Marycanswim,cantshe?3）祈使句（肯定、否定）：Becareful,boys.Donttalkinclass.4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!=Whatacleverboy!句子分类句子分类Part 05当堂训练句子成分综合练习1、Youshouldstud

40、yhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Thesunkeepsuswarm.6、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.7、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.状语表语间宾+直宾宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补8.Ithinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkthismorning.9.Thereseemslittlehopesofsuccess.10、Toourjoy,theyarrivedsafe.11

41、、Thefactisveryclearthatourteamwillwinthegame.12.Aftergraduationhewillworkwherehecamefrom.宾语+宾补主语状语同位语从句时间和地点状语1.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.2.If you walk into the forest,youll put yourself in danger.3.When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.指出划

42、线短语的类型和它们在句中充当的成分。名词短语作主语形容词短语作表语动词短语作谓语介词短语作宾补名词短语作宾语介词短语作状语动词短语作谓语4.My new car broke down yesterday so I had to go to work by bike again.5.The plane will take off very soon.6.Look,the letter on the desk is for Mr Wu，our department manager.名词短语作主语动词短语作谓语介词短语作状语动词短语作谓语副词短语作状语介词短语作定语名词短语作同位语1.Youares

43、ittingbesideadog.2.Therecomesthebus!3.Theegospotentialforexpansionislimitless.4.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.5.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.6.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.主主主主+谓（谓（谓（谓（S+VS+VS+VS+V）主主主主+谓（谓（谓（谓（S+VS+VS+VS+V）主主主主+系系系系 +表（表（表（表（S+V+PS+V+PS+V+PS+V+P

44、）主主+动动+宾（宾（SVO）主主+动动+间宾间宾+直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）主主主主+动动动动+宾宾宾宾+补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）判断下列句子属于何种句式therebe的变体：谓语动词be可以用seem(tobe),happen(tobe),remain,enter,live,stand,lie,flow,exist等不及物动词（或词组）来代替1.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.2.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheeve

45、ning.3.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.4.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.5.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.6.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.7.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.8.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句并列句 复合句复合句并列句并列句 复合句复合句复合句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句 复合句复合句 简单句、并列句还是复合句

46、?翻译句子1.在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。2.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。3.冬季白天短，夜晚长。4.李老师去年教我们德语。5.我要你把真相告诉我。1.在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.2.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.3.冬季白天短，夜晚长。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.4.李老师去年教我们德语。Mr.LitaughtusGermanlastyear.5.我要你把真相告诉我。Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.翻译句子Thankyou!