常考词类与句型讲义高三英语一轮复习.docx

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1、2024届高中英语语法精讲：常考词类与句型名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹 词。1 .名词.n.名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念，如：boy男孩，morning早晨， duty责任，在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、 定语等。The tomatoes on the table are very fresh.桌子上的西红柿很新 鲜。（作主语）He is a doctor.他是个医生。（作表语）Well call the baby Mary.我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。（作宾语 补足语）2 .代词.pro.代词用来代替名词或数词，如：we我们，their他们的

2、，that那 个，several几个；在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。I know her sister. She is always ready to help others. 我认 识她妹妹，她乐于助人。（I和she作主语;her作定语;others作宾语）The English teacher is not himself today.英语老师今天不舒服。 （作表语）3 .数词.num.数词表示数目和顺序，即基数词和序数词。如：one 一个，thousand 千，twelfth第十二；在句子主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Three of us are from Beijing.

3、我们中有三个人是北京来的。（作 主语）You are the second one to e to see me.你是第二个来看我的人。 （作定语）We dont need so many people. We need only five.我们不需要这么多人，我们只需要五个。（作宾语）4 .形容词.adj.形容词表示人或事物的特征，如big、white在句中主要作表语、定语、补足语等。Look! Your bike is bigger than mine.看，你的自行车比我的大。 （作表语）He found the door open.他发现门是开着的。（作宾语补足语）5 .副词.adv.副

4、词表示时间、地点、程度、动作特征等，如：now现在，often经 常，quietly安静地;在句中主要作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词、 句子等。She can sing very well.她歌唱得非常好。（修饰副词well）He stepped into the room quietly without being noticed.他悄悄地走进房间，没有人注意到他。（修饰动词stepped）6 .动词.v.动词用来表示动作或状态，如：speak说，lie躺，bee成为；在句 中主要作谓语或与名词、形容词、实义动词等一起构成复合谓语。He bought a puter yesterday.他昨

5、天买了 一台电脑。（作谓语） Tom was sick at home.汤姆有病在家。（与形容词一起构成复合谓 语）7 .冠词.art.冠词用于名词前，对名词起限制作用，不定冠词a/ an 一个，定冠 词the这/那个，这/那些。There are some vegetables in the basket. 篮子里有些蔬菜。8 .介词.prep.介词用于名词或代词前，表示与其他词的关系。如。n在上面， for 为oI have waited here for three hours.我在这里等了 三个小时了。9 .连词.conj.连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子，如and和，but

6、但 是，when当时候。We talked and talked until he came.我们一直谈到他来。10 .感叹词.interj.感叹词用来表示说话时的感情或口气。如：hi嗨，hello喂，aha啊哈,wow哇。Ah, here is the thing Im after.啊，我找的东西在这里呢。二、易错点Children on the playground are playing happy. 操场上的孩子们 高兴地玩着。解析：happy是形容词，这个句子应该用副词修饰动词，应改为 happily。When his father heard this, he got angril

7、y. 他爸爸听至这, 就 生气了。解析：get是系动词，后面要接形容词表示主语的状态，angrily应 改为angry oLook! It is raining hardly outside. 外面雨下得很大。解析：副词hard（猛烈地）误用为hardly（几乎不）。再如容易错误的 把friendly、lovely等形容词当作副词来使用。We were very tired,很兴奋。分析however是副词, 者改为：We were very tired。however, we felt excited.我们很累，但是不能连接句子，应把however,改为but,或However, we fe

8、lt excited.He told me the teacher asked me to e into. 他告诉我老师让我 进去。解析：into是介词，应该接宾语，否则就应该用in代替into。也可 以改成 e into the classroom0高考英语常用句型句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/时间状语Theres a boat in the river. 河里有条船。句型 2： Whats wrong with+sb. / sth. ?Whatf s wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病？句型 3：How do you like. . . ?How

9、do you like China?你觉得中国 怎么样？句型 4：What do you like about. . . ?What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么？句 型 5：had better (not) + 动词原形 Youd better ask that policeman over there.你最好去问问那边的那个警察。句型 6：How+adj. / adv. + 主语+谓语!What a/ an+adj. +n. + 主语 +谓语!How cold it is today !今天多冷啊！What a fine picture it is!多美

10、的一幅图画呀！句型 7： Thank+sb. +for (doing) sth. Thank you for ing to see me. 感谢你来看我。句型8： So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语He is a student. So am L 他是一个学生，我也是。句型 9：. not . until . . . He didnr t have supper until his parents came back.直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。句型 10：比较级+and+比较级 The baby cried harder and harder.那 孩子哭得越来越厉害。句型 11 ：the +

11、比较级，the + 比较级 The more one has, the more one wants.越有越贪。句型 12：. as + adv. +as . . . not as (so) +adj / adv. +as . . . Do you think that art is as important as music?你认为艺术和音乐 一样重要吗？Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。句型 13：more/ less +adj. +than. . . I think art i

12、s less important than music.我认为艺术不如音乐重要。句型 14：stopfrom doing sth. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土 壤。句型 15：both . and . . . Both you and I are students. 我和你 都是学生。句型 16：either . or. . . Either you or he is wrong . 不是你 错就是他错。句型 17： neither . nor . . . Nei

13、ther he nor I am a student. 我 和他都不是学生。句型18：. as soon as . . . As soon as I see him, Ill give him the message.我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。句型 19： so+adj. / adv. +that . . . I was so tired that I didnt want to speak.我累得连话也不想说了。句型 20：Though. . . + 主句 Though I like writing to my penfriend, it takes a lot of time.虽然

14、我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大 量时间。句型 21 ：be going toThis afternoon Im going to buy a Qisu English book.今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。句 型 22：be different froml think this is different from Chinese names.我认为这与汉语名字不同。句型 23：Wele (back) to. . Wele back to school!欢迎回到学校！ 句型 24：have fun doingWe re going to have fun learning and speak

15、ing English this term.这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英 语。句型 25： because . /，so . I dont know all your names because this is our first lesson.因为这是我们的第一节课，所 以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。句型 26：Why dont you . . . / Why not Why dont you e to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢？句型 27：make itLet s make it half past nine.让我们定在九点 半吧！句型 28：

16、have nothing to doThey have nothing to do every day. 他们每天无所事事。句型 29：be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb. I think so, but Im not sure.我想是这样，但不敢确定。 I was not sure of / about the way, so I asked someone. 我对于怎么走没 有把握，所以我问别人了。句型 30：between . and . There is a shop between the hospital and t

17、he school.在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。句型 31：keep sb. / sth. + Ving/ 介词补语/ adv. You must keep your classroom clean.你们必须保持教室干净。Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起， 让你久等。Can you keep him in the room ? 你能让他在这个房里吗?Keep them here.让他们在这儿呆着。句型 32：find + 宾语+宾补 He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .他发现要环

18、游这个大城市是很难的。句型 33：.not . . . anymore/ longerThe old man doesn11 travel any more. 这位老人不再旅行 了。He isnt a thief any longer. 他 不再是个贼。句 型 34：What1s the weather like. . . ?What s the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？句型 35：There is no time to do/ have no time to doThere was no time to th

19、ink. 没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭。句型 36：Help oneself to. . . Help yourself to some fish. 吃鱼 吧！句型 37： used to dol used to read this kind of story books. 我 过去常读这种故事书。句 型 38：borrow . froml borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我从他那借了一本奇速英语书。句型 39：lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to s

20、b.He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了 本故事书给我。句型 40：have been toHave you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去过 夏威夷吗？句型 41 ：have gone toWhere1 s he?He! s gone to Washington. 他 在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。句型 42 ：be famous f or Hawa i i is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43：No matter +疑问句+主句

21、No matter when you e, you are weled.无论你们什么时候来，都 受欢迎。句型 44：be afraid (of / todo / that. . .) T m afraid not.恐怕 不能。Don11 be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。句型 45：. as . . . as possible / . . . as . . . as sb canl hope to see him as soon as possible.我希望能尽快见到他。He ran here a

22、s fast as he could.他尽最大努力跑到这儿。句型 46：practise / enjoy / finish doingA young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一个年青人和格林先生练习说英 语。Tom enjoys playing football very much.汤姆很喜欢踢足球。 He finished reading the story book.他看完了那本故事书。句型 47 ：Itr s said that . . . It! s said that one of the most dangerou

23、s sharks is the Great White Shark.据说最危险的鲨鱼 之一是大白鲨。句型 48：Not all / everyone . . . Not all sharks are alike. 并 不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Not everyone likes dumplings.并不是每 个人都喜欢饺子。句型 49：be based onHis argument is based on facts. 他的论断 是以事实为根据的。句型 50：. . . so that . . . Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.把

24、树放入洞穴中，让它立直。句型 51：be+num. +metres / kilometres / years. . . +long / wide / deep / high / old. . . The Great Green Wall is 7, 000 kilometres long. 绿色长城长 7000 公里。The river is about 2 metres deep. 这条河大约有2米深。The boy is about 12 years old .这个男孩 约12岁。句型 52：keep . from doingThe heavy rain kept us from star

25、ting out.大雨阻止了我们出发。句型 53：with ones help. . . With Tom s help, Ir ve e to America to study further.在汤姆的帮助下，我来美国深造。句型 54：I don11 think . . . I dont think any of them is interesting. 我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。句型 55：What1 s the population of . . . ?Whatr s the population ofGermany ?德国的人口有多少？句型 56：prefer to do rathe

26、r than doThey prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他们更喜 欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。句型 57：be worth (doing) -This book is worth reading. 这本 书值得读。句型 58：regard asThey regarded their pets as members of their families.他们把宠物视为家庭成员。句型 59：be confident of Ir m confident of success.我确信会成 功。句型 60： seem to do / se

27、em+adj. / (介词短语)He seems to be angry. 他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy.这房子似乎太吵了。 句型 61：be angry with / about / at (doing)Wef re all very angry with ourselves.我们都很生自己的气。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.我很生气他决定把工厂建在这 儿。I was angry at being kept waiting. 这样一直等我很生气。 句型 62：pay for / pay for He paid for the book and went away. 他付完书款便离开了。I paid him 200 for the painting.买这 幅画我付了他200英镑。