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1、句子种类句子种类1234陈述句述句 疑疑问句句?祈使句祈使句 感感叹句句!句子种类句子种类 陈述句是用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子,分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。陈述句的肯定形式 eg:Light travels faster than sound.陈述句陈述句陈述句的否定形式 谓语动词为助动词be,have或者情态动词等,否定形式是在助动词或情态动词后加not.eg:She is not back yet.Money could not buy happiness.如果句子的谓语是行为动词,则在谓语动词前加do,does,did 构成否定式。否定 疑问 无词汇意义 eg:Jack
2、doesnt like English.用no,never,seldom,hardly,nobody等否定词也可以构成否定式。eg:1.I have never met Jim.2.Kent has a heavy Russian accent,and I can hardly understand his English.疑问句疑问句 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问某件事情或某一情况是否属实,用yes,no或相当于yes,no的词语来回答。eg:A:Are you Chinese?B:No,Im not.A:Do you have any questions?B:Yes,I do.A:H
3、ave you read the book before?B:Yes,I have.一般疑问句也可以用否定形式开头提出疑问,结构为“缩略否定形式+主语+其他”。eg:Cant you see theres a queue?用否定形式开头提问,或是期待肯定的回答,或是不打算对方回答。如果回答是肯定的要用Yes,译成“不”;否则用No,译成“是的”。eg:A:Doesnt he want to come?难道他不想来吗?B:Yes,he does.不,他想。A:Arent you of the Han nationality?你不是汉族吗?B:No,I am not.是的,我不是汉族。2.特殊疑问
4、句特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词(组)引导的的疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。疑问语序 谓语+主语 陈述 主语+谓语 疑问代词:what,who,which,whose,whom.eg:What would you like to do?Which class are you in?Whom/Who is she waiting for?who 主语/宾语 She is waiting for you.whom 宾语 whose 定语 疑问词组:how soon,how long,how far,how often等。eg:1.How often do yo
5、u have an English Party?2.How far do you live from your school?疑问副词:when,where,why,how.eg:When will the meeting end?3.选择疑问句选择疑问句提出两种或者两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答。一般用or连接。一般选择疑问句 eg:Did you stay at home or go away?Which do you prefer,horse riding or shooting?回答的时候一般在供选择的答案中选出一个来回答,不用yes,no。反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句是
6、附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点 提出疑问的句子。1.基本形式基本形式:前肯后否,而且用缩略式;前否后肯,反意疑问部分主要用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态也要一致。eg:He goes to work on foot,doesnt he?2.反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定(注意)(注意)当陈述部分的主语为this,that(单数)等时,附加部分的主语应用it。these,those(复数)用they。eg:This is a green jeep,isnt it?前肯后否 Those arent banana trees,are they?前
7、否 后肯 当陈述部分是I am的形式时,附加部分应用arent I。eg:I am right,arent I?前肯后否 arent 当陈述部分是“There be”结构时,反意疑问句用“be there”。eg:There was an English film yesterday evening,wasnt there?前肯后否当陈述部分含有never,seldom,no,few,little,nothing,nobody,hardly,none,tooto等表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句部分应用肯定形式。eg:He seldom goes to the cinema,does he?前
8、否后肯 He has few friends,has/does he?他几乎没有朋友,是吗?前否后肯 陈述部分含有表示否定意义的由前缀或者后缀构成的词,疑问部分一般用否定形式。eg:She dislikes the idea,doesnt she?前肯后否 Its unfair,isnt it?前肯后否 主语是不定代词的反意疑问句。当陈述部分的主语为everything,nothing,anything,something等指事物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it,而不用they。eg:Everything is in good order,isnt it?当陈述部分的主语为everybody
9、,everyone,anyone,nobody,none,no one等指认的不定代词,疑问部分的主语通常用they或he来代替。eg:Somebody wants to see you,doesnt he/dont they?当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况。have作实义动词,表示“有”,后面的谓语可以用 have,也可以用助动词do。eg:Jim has a new radio,doesnt/hasnt he?前肯后否 have作实义动词,表示“吃喝玩乐度过”等意思,后面的谓语用助动词do。eg:All of the children had a nice time,di
10、dnt they?have to 表示“不得不,必须”,其后的谓语动词用do。eg:Kate has to help his father on the farm,doesnt she?dont have to?否定 had better 表示最好,其后的谓语用had。eg:Wed better stay at home today,hadnt we?have 用在完成时中,其后谓语用have。eg:She has ever been to Japan,hasnt she?I have ever been to Japan,havent I?前肯后否 I am right,arent I?ha
11、ve/has+过去分词 had+过去分词 当陈述部分含有need时,如果need作为行为动词,则附加问句的动词用助动词do,如果是情态动词时,则附加问句的动词应该是用need。eg:1.You dont need to work so late,do you?前否 后肯 2.You neednt make such loud noise,need you?情态 neednt 实意 dont need 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时。must表示“必须”之意,附加问句的谓语用neednt。eg:You must go back right now,neednt you?must 必须 must
12、nt 禁止Must I Yes,you must.No,you neednt.must 表示推测,“一定,想必”之意,附加问句的谓语动词应根据must后面的动词来确定。eg:He must be in the classroom,isnt he?It must rain today,doesnt it?前肯 后否 You must have finished your homework,havent you?肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句可以用will you,也可以用wont you;否定的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you.eg:Come to school early next time,w
13、ill you/wont you?Dont shout at your brother,will you?省略 主 you +动原以Lets 开头的祈使句,附加句应用shall we;而已Let us开头的祈使句,附加句应该用will you。eg:Lets go,shall we?意见 建议 Let us go now,will you?请求所有祈使句 will you.除 Lets 以外。shall we?(12)陈述部分若为主从复合句,反义疑问部分的主语、谓语通常与主句保持一致。复合句eg:She said(that)she would come tomorrow,didnt she?若
14、主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,believe,suppose,imagine等时,则翻译疑问部分的主谓和谓语一般应与从句一致。eg:I think(that)he can finish the work by himself,cant he?We dont believe(that)she says no,does she?宾语从句 否定转移 我们不相信 我们相信 不 祈使句 祈使句是用来表示请求、命名、要求、建议、劝告等的一种特殊句式。1.肯定的祈使句:动词原形+其他成分 以系动词be开头的祈使句,常用结构:be+形容词/名词+其他成分。主系be 表 eg:Be c
15、areful next time.以实义动词开头的祈使句。eg:Stand up,please.有时候为了加强语气,在动词前面加do。eg:Do come on time!Do look out!如果是以let开头的祈使句,通常的结构为:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。eg:Let him go with you.Let me examine you.Lets have our dinner.在请求、命令和口号中,常用无助动词祈使句,使语句更加简洁有力。eg:Just a minutes,please!To the playground,everyone of you!2.否定的祈使句 Do
16、nt+动词原形。eg:Dont be late.Lets+not+动词原形。eg:Lets not say anything about it.Dont let+第三人称代词宾格形式+动词原形或 Let+第三人称代词宾格形式+not+动词原形。eg:Dont let them play with fire.Let us not forget it.一般都是在前面加Dont 除了lets 以外 在后加not.在公开场合的提示语中,祈使句的否定句常用“No+名词/动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。eg:No photos No smoking No parking 感叹句用how或what引导,所修饰的
17、词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序。句末使用感叹号。1.what引导的感叹句 what作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修饰语。What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:What a new watch(it is)!What a clever boy(he is)!What an interesting story!What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:What beautiful flowers(they are)!What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!eg:What important news it is!2.how引导的感叹句 how做状语修饰形容词、副词、或动词。How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:How heavy a box they are carrying!这个箱子多重啊!What a heavy box it is!多重的箱子啊!What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+(主谓)!How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)!eg:How tall the girl is!How hard she works!How+主语+谓语!eg:How time flies!How she wishes to go abroad!
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