八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Do it yourself Grammar （新版）牛津版.ppt

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1、Grammar GrammarAPutupapictureonthewall.Putupashelfonthewall.We start a sentence with the base form of a verb when we want to tell people what to do.Dont swim here.Dont park your bike here.We add dont in front of the verb when we want to tell people not to do something.1.祈使句的概念祈使句的概念祈使句表示请求、命令等。它的主语是

2、祈使句表示请求、命令等。它的主语是you（听话人），通常不说出。祈使句肯定（听话人），通常不说出。祈使句肯定结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形。祈使结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形。祈使句末用惊叹号或句号，句子用降调。句末用惊叹号或句号，句子用降调。2.祈使句的结构祈使句的结构1)祈使句的肯定结构祈使句的肯定结构Do型（以行为动词原形开头），例如：型（以行为动词原形开头），例如：Sitdown!坐下！坐下！Standup!起立！起立！Be型（以型（以be开头），例如：开头），例如：Bequiet!安静！安静！Becareful！小心！小心！Let型（以型（以let开头），例如：开头），例如：Letm

3、etry.让我试试看。让我试试看。Letslookatthemap.让我们看看地图。让我们看看地图。lets是是letus的简略式。的简略式。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上或句末加上please,构成句式：构成句式：Please或或,please.以使语气更加缓和或客气。以使语气更加缓和或客气。例如：例如：Pleasestandup.或或Standup,please.请站起来。请站起来。Pleasehavearest.或或Havearest,please.请休息一下。请休息一下。2)祈使句的否定结构，一律在肯定结构前祈使句的否定结构，一律在肯定结

4、构前加加Donot(Dont)。例如：。例如：Dontgothere,please.请别去那儿。请别去那儿。Dontbelateforclass!上课别迟到！上课别迟到！Dontlethimin.不要让他进来。不要让他进来。Park your bike here.Please go slowly.Dont smoke here.Dont fish here.Be quiet,please.Dont make any noise.MillieisteachingherclassmateshowtoMillieisteachingherclassmateshowtomakecardstohelpt

5、hemremembermakecardstohelpthemrememberthingsbetter.Lookatthepicturesandthingsbetter.LookatthepicturesandhelpMilliecompletetheinstruction.helpMilliecompletetheinstruction.Howtomakecards_ out pieces of card with a pair of scissors.Cutcutdrawgivekeeplooktrywrite_ some words or a sentence on each card.W

6、ritecutdrawgivekeeplooktrywrite_ a picture about the words or sentence on the other side of the card.Drawcutdrawgivekeeplooktrywrite_ at the picture and _ to remember what is on the other side.LooktrycutdrawgivekeeplooktrywritePlease _(not)up._ trying,and you will find you can remember things better

7、.dontgiveKeepcutdrawgivekeeplooktrywrite1.剪出剪出2.写一些话或一个句写一些话或一个句子子3.在每张卡上在每张卡上4.在卡的另一面在卡的另一面5.尝试做某事尝试做某事6.记住某事记住某事7.放弃放弃8.放弃某事放弃某事/做某事做某事9.坚持尝试坚持尝试10.把事情记得更好把事情记得更好cutoutwritesomewordsorasentenceoneachcardontheothersideofthecardtrytodosth.remembersth.giveupgiveupsth./doingsth.keeptryingrememberthing

8、sbetterUsefulExpressionsGrammarB1.Please know a little about DIY.You should know a little about DIY.We use should and had better when giving advice and telling people what is the best or right thing to do.You had better know a little about DIY.2.Please put in a brighter light in the room.You should

9、put in a brighter light in the room.We use should and had better when giving advice and telling people what is the best or right thing to do.You had better put in a brighter light in the room.3.Dont hit the pipe.You should not/shouldnt hit the pipe.You had better not hit the pipe.We use should and h

10、ad better when giving advice and telling people what is the best or right thing to do.4.Dont paint the whole room blue.You should not/shouldnt paint the whole room blue.You had better not paint the whole room blue.We use should and had better when giving advice and telling people what is the best or

11、 right thing to do.当我们给他人提建议时，可以用当我们给他人提建议时，可以用hadbetter和和should，表示，表示“最好最好”或或“应该应该”做某事，做某事，hadbetter的语气比的语气比should强强一些。一些。Yourwatchisbroken.Youhadbetterbuyanewone.你的手表坏了，你最好买个新的。你的手表坏了，你最好买个新的。Youshouldexercisemore.你应该多锻炼。你应该多锻炼。hadbetter(常简略为常简略为dbetter)，是一固定，是一固定词组，后面必须跟动词原形，没有人称和词组，后面必须跟动词原形，没有人

12、称和数的变化。构成：数的变化。构成：hadbetterdosth.句型。句型。Youdbettergotohospitalatonce.你最好立即去医院看病。你最好立即去医院看病。Tom,youdbettergotheretoday.汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。hadbetter的否定式是将的否定式是将not直接放在直接放在hadbetter的后面。的后面。Youhadbetternotbelateforschool.你最好不要上学迟到。你最好不要上学迟到。should后面也要跟动词原形，且没有人称后面也要跟动词原形，且没有人称和数的变化。和数的变化。Youshouldst

13、opsmoking.你应该戒烟。你应该戒烟。should的否定式是的否定式是shouldnot/shouldnt。Youshouldntputsomanybooksontheshelf.你不应该在架子上放如此多的书。你不应该在架子上放如此多的书。DIYadviceSuzyisgivingDIYadvicetoherSuzyisgivingDIYadvicetoherclassmates.Readtheadvicebelow.Helpclassmates.Readtheadvicebelow.HelpSuzymakesentenceswithSuzymakesentenceswithshould

14、(not)should(not)orhadbetter(not).orhadbetter(not).DIY adviceRead the advice and make sentences with should(not)or had better(not).beginyourworkwithoutreadingthemYoushouldntbeginyourworkwithoutreadingthem.Youhadbetternotbeginyourworkwithoutreadingthem.DIY adviceRead the advice and make sentences with

15、 should(not)or had better(not).joinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutitYoushouldjoinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutit.YouhadbetterjoinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutit.DIY adviceRead the advice and make sentences with should(not)or had better(not).bepatientYoushouldbepatient.Youhadbetterbepatient.DIY adviceRead the advice

16、and make sentences with should(not)or had better(not).buysometolearnmoreaboutitYoushouldbuysometolearnmoreaboutit.Youhadbetterbuysometolearnmoreaboutit.DIY adviceRead the advice and make sentences with should(not)or had better(not).playwiththemwhenyoudoDIYjobsYoushouldnotplaywiththemwhenyoudoDIYjobs

17、.YouhadbetternotplaywiththemwhenyoudoDIYjobs.abeginyourworkwithoutreadingthembjoinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutitcbepatientdbuysometolearnmoreaboutiteplaywiththemwhenyoudoDIYjobs1.TherearemanyusefulbooksaboutDIY.Youshould/hadbetterbuysometolearnmoreaboutit.2.DIYisnoteasy.Youshould/hadbetterjoinaDIYclubto

18、learnmoreaboutit.Youshouldnt/hadbetternotbeginyourworkwithoutreadingthem.3.Instructionsareimportant.Youshould/hadbetterbecarefulwhenyouusethem.4.Scissorscanbedangerous.Youshould/hadbetterbepatient.5.SometimesitlltaketimetodoaDIYjob.1.当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。其主语通常不明议时，常使用祈使句。其主语通常

19、不明确表示出来。其否定形式是在动词原形确表示出来。其否定形式是在动词原形前加前加donot/dont。为了表示客气和礼。为了表示客气和礼貌，可以加上貌，可以加上please。2.当我们给他人提建议时，可以用当我们给他人提建议时，可以用hadbetter和和should，表示，表示“最好最好”或或“应该应该”做某事。否定形式是做某事。否定形式是hadbetternot和和shouldnot/shouldnt。I.单项选择。单项选择。1.TheTVistooloud.Please_.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit2._lat

20、eagain,Bill!A.DonttobeB.DontbeC.NotbeD.Benot3._crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.WontC.DoesntD.Dont4._methetruth,orIllbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.TellII.句型转换。句型转换。1.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?(改为祈使句改为祈使句)_againmoreslowly,please.2.Ifyoudontlistentome,Illgo.(改为同义句改为同义句)_me

21、,orIllgo.3.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.(改为祈使句改为祈使句)_careless,please.4.PleasesitnexttoNancy.(改为否定句改为否定句)_nexttoNancy.ReaditListentoDontbeDontsitIII.完成句子。完成句子。1.你应该在南京换火车。你应该在南京换火车。_changetrainsatNanjing.2.你最好在下雨前回家。你最好在下雨前回家。_beforetherainstarts.3.现在你最好别打棒球了。现在你最好别打棒球了。_baseballnow.4.不要把金鱼放在阳光下。不要把金鱼放在阳光下。_thegoldfishinthesun.YoushouldYoudbettergohomeYouhadbetternotplayDontput1.ReviewtheGrammarandmakesomesentenceswithshould(not)andhad better(not).2.FinishtheExercises.Homework