语法填空做题方法公开课课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习.pptx

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1、语法填空做题方法授课人：郑鲲鹏 2023级19班2023.10.18动词名词语法填空形容词副词 有有提提示示词词 无无提提示示词词介词连词代词冠词有提示词名词形容词副词动词1.词性转换:形容词、动词、副词2.单复数1.词性转换（副词、名词、动词）2.比较级或最高级,反义词1.比较级或最高级2.形容词、反义词作谓语不作谓语1.时态2.被动语态主谓一致1.词性转换（名词、形容词等）2.非谓语1.todo表目的、将来2.V-ing表主动/进行/动名词3.V-ed表:被动/完成冠词介词连词代词无提示词名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the当空格后的名词在句中不是作

2、主语，表语或及物动词宾语时，选填介词；注意搭配常为介词考查主要内容依据。空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）,或并列单词/短语1.单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2.一个句子+并连/从连+一个句子3.从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句）；物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词;名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，后不需再加名词。人称代词、不定代词、反身代词It的用法指代上文事物形式主语/宾语强调句型4书写规范规避“无用功”从拼写到书写有拼写错误不给分，如把u写成v,把n写成h不给分。但如果书写习惯不规范，综合语法填空中该生其他部分的书写习惯，可以判别其书写的原意，根据实际情况判分。字母粘连完全不

3、可辨识不得分，但依据笔势可以辨别可以算得分。某个答案写成另外一个词汇，但学生意识到错误将其一部分划去，但有些字母未划去，结果与改正后的单词容易令评卷者联想到另个错误词汇，不得分。拼写过程中考生意识到错误，通过划线等手段划去，将正确字母写在周边恰当位置，得分。书写极不规范，个别字母令评卷老师误认为另外一个词汇的，不得分，如elder.原答案是“older.辨别谓语及如何应用解题原则认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often,usually,always,every time,sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday,last year,in 2020,

4、the other day,two days ago,一段时间later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去式。(3)看到tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。(4)看到at this moment,at present,now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/past few years,so far/up to now,for时间段，ever since.等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到by then,by t

5、he end of.等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。1.(江西省九校联考)In the first century,many people in Roman Empire _(work)underground in mines to support their families.考查时态。句意：在公元一世纪，罗马帝国的许多人为了养家糊口都在地下矿井里工作。结合上文“In the first century”可知，应用一般过去时。2.(渭南市高三教学质量检测)At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau,Sichuan _(attract)a large number o

6、f travelers over the years.workedhas attracted考查时态和主谓一致。句意：四川地处青藏高原的边缘，多年来吸引了大量游客。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语over the years可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语Sichuan为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故填has attracted。思维定向典题试做解题原则2.瞻前顾后找并列7.(江苏卷改编)There,he not only did well as a student but also _(become)an accomplished p

7、ublic speaker.8.(全国卷)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and _(point)down the river.(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither.nor.，not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。解题原则掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速

8、且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsthwhensbdid.(2)had(just)donesthwhen一般过去时(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second.timethatsbhaddone.(4)祈使句and/or陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时(5)Its(high)timethat.did/shoulddosth思维定向典题试做3.通过“常用句式”法9.This was the first time I _(experience)sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in o

9、ne again.10.(天津卷)I_(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.11.(梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _(feel)better.”12.(济宁模拟)Therefore,it is high time that we _(take)effective measures to improve the current situation.辨别非谓语及如何应用判断非谓语动词的2 个基本

10、原则思维定向典题试做1.判断主动还是被动1.(全国卷)Orangetreesaremorethandecoration；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes_(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.2.(成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasdecidedthatthenovelcoronavirus(新型冠状病毒)outbreakisconsideredas

11、aninternationalpublichealthemergency，_(set)offtheglobalactiontopreventthespreadofthevirus.思维定向典题试做解题原则2.判断时间先后关系3.(福州一中第四次适应性考试)Abirdhabitatcanbeanaturalormanmadearea_(provide)birdswithanenvironmentthatsuppliesfoodandwater.4.(焦作市第四次模拟)Accordingtoastudy_(publish)inthemagazineScience,thechangesintheso

12、undsofouroceans,seas,andotherwaterwaysaffectmanyseaanimals.(1)非谓语动词表示正在进行，用动词-ing形式；(2)表示已经完成，用动词-ed形式；(3)表示将来发生的动作，用不定式todo形式。判断非谓语动词的5 种妙法妙法1非谓语动词作主语和表语成分分析法思维定向典题试做1.非谓语动词作主语1.(江西省红色七校第二次联考)_(track)downmorethan1billionChinesecitizensisbynomeanseasy.Thisyear,about7millionstaffwillbeneededtovisitho

13、mesforregistrationwork.2.(全国卷)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldnthelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake_(get)there.3.(全国甲卷)Itispossible_(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.解题原则1.句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定用动词-ing形式还是不定式作主语。2.掌握用动词-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：(1)Itis/was形容词(for/ofsb)todosth(2)Itisnouse/gooddoingst

14、h(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)Itsworthwhiletodo/doingsth思维定向典题试做解题原则2.非谓语动词作表语4.(全国卷)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeel_(challenge).5.(2021辽宁省“名校交流”3月联考)Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarare_(encourage).非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。(

15、1)现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到的”；(2)动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释；(3)过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到的”。(4)不定式作表语，表将来或目的。妙法2非谓语动词作宾语关键词语法思维定向典题试做解题原则1.作介词的宾语用动名词1.(全国甲卷)After_(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!2.Iwontcallmyselfthemostaccompl

16、ishedpersonwhenitcomesto_(hold)chopsticks.介词和带介词to的固定搭配后一定跟动词ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。思维定向典题试做2.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语3.Hehadbeenconsidering_(jump)fromabridge.HelaterfoundtheGoodSamaritanandthankedhimforhiskindness.Hemayonedayfindawaytopayhimbackinkindthoughthatsnotthepoint.4.(全

17、国卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，_(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.思维定向典题试做2.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语5.(2021武汉市4月质量检测)Wepacedaroundtoavoid_(get)frostbite(冻伤)asthetemperaturestayedcloseto-30andourdrillbatteriesbecametoocoldtowork.6.(2021江西六校联考)Theguidedogbeingdenied_(board)isjustthetipoftheice

18、berg,comparedtothevariousdifficultiesfacedbythecountrysvisuallyimpairedpopulationeverydaywhentheyleavetheirhome.解题原则喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannothelp,giveup,risk)感激承认很值得(appreciate,admit,beworth)介意想象莫推延(mind,imagine,delay,putoff)允许完成是期望(allow,permit,finish,lookforwardto)建议继续勤操练(

19、suggest,goon,practise)致力原谅要坚持(bedevotedto,excuse,insiston)继续成功不错过(keepon,succeedin,miss)思维定向典题试做3.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词7.(全国乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim_(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.8.(珠海市模拟二)Atonepoint,someoneoffered_(trade)meanalcoholicbeverage(饮料)anda

20、goldenfeatheredheaddressformycamera.9.WhileChinahasovercometheworstofthiswaveofthepandemic(大流行)sofar,andmostschoolsarefullyprepared_(open)withinpersonclasses,Canadaisstillfacingnewcaseshereandthereeveryday.解题原则三个希望两答应(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse)设法学会做决定(manage,learn,deci

21、de/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend,choose/select)计划提出俩打算(plan,offer,intend,mean)申请失败负担起(apply,fail,afford)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen)思维定向典题试做4.既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语10.(浙江6月卷)Istillremember_(visit)afriendwhodlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadntcookedonceinallthattime.11.(攀枝花

22、市第二次统考)Mostpeople,atonetimeoranother,havebeenonthereceivingendofarandomactofkindnessthatmomentwhenacompletestrangerstops_(offer)aid,generosityorsympathy.目录思维定向典题试做不定式作定语6.(河南省高考适应性练习)Asdarknessfalls,thebestplace_(witness)thecityisonthewall,whereonecanthelpbutimaginethedistantpast.7.COVID19hasthepote

23、ntial_(wipe)out消除differentkindsofapesifhumansdonttakestepstopreventitsspread.8.(天津7月卷)Vinnieconfirmedherability_(make)afulllengthstatuebyhighlightingtheheavylaborshehaddonebefore.解题原则(1)看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。(2)看到由theonly，thelast，thenext等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。(3)看到被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，attempt，cha

24、nce,desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等词时，常用不定式作定语妙法4非谓语动词作状语逻辑关系法思维定向典题试做解题原则动词-ing形式作状语1.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，_(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2.Musichasno

25、obviousadaptivefunction,_(make)scientistswhostudymusicwonderwhatforcesoriginallygaverisetoit.句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用动词ing形式(doing)：(1)表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词；(2)自然而然的结果用现在分词。思维定向典题试做解题原则动词-ed形式作状语3.(江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考)_(compare)withtodaysbestsupercomputers,Jiuzhangcancalculate100，000billiontimesfaster.4.(山东高考模拟卷)_(f

26、ollow)byaweddingphotographer,thecouplemadeasurprisevisittothehospitalbeforeheadingtothereception.句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用动词-ed形式(done)。思维定向典题试做不定式作状语5.Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only_(find)theearlytrainhadgone.6.(全国卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980

27、s，andareexpensive_(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.7.(全国卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_(improve)waterquality.解题原则(1)不定式可以用作目的状语。(2)onlytodosth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。(3)形容词或动词ed形式作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见词有：happy,lucky,anxious,proud,disappointed,surprised,delighted,foolish,pleased,for

28、tunate等。(4)牢记“主语系动词表语(形容词)todo”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。妙法5非谓语动词作宾补固定搭配法思维定向典题试做解题原则不定式作宾语补足语1.(浙 江 1月 卷)Somethingsignificantishappening to the world populationit isaging.The median(中 位 数 的)age of anAmericanin1950was30todayitis41andis expected _(increase)to 42 by2050.2.WhatthescientistsdidonChange5paidoff

29、at last,which inspires more and moreChinesepeople_(devote)themselvestofurtherspaceresearch.常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,inspire,expect等。思维定向典题试做解题原则2.have的固定用法3.(天津卷改编)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph_(take).4.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeepthe

30、enemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallwalls_(join)up.havesb/sthdoing让某人/某物一直做havesthdone让某事被做havesbdosth让某人做某事思维定向典题试做解题原则3.分词作宾语补足语5.(全国卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes_(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.7.Attheparty,theprettygirlworeaveryattractiveskirttomakeherself

31、_(notice).(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行；(2)动词-ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动、完成；常用动词ed形式作宾语补足语的动词有have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。实战演练1、She worked late into the night,to prepare (prepare)a long speech for the president.2、Stop running and you will feel your heart beating (beat).3、Mr.Brown came in

32、 followed (follow)by two students.4、The missing boys were last seen playing (play)near the river.5、The boys were told (tell)many times not to swim in that lake,but it doesnt make any difference.6、Professor Yi Zhongtian was invited (invite)to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last weekend.7、Since the Internet

33、found its way into ordinary peoples families,peoples way of life has been influenced (influence)greatly.8、Qu Yuan is respected (respect)by Chinese people because of his loyalty to his country.9、Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them _to lift_(lift)out of the steamer bas

34、ket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their_(they)contents.10、No matter where I buy them,one steamer is _rarely_(rare)enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left _wanting_(want)more next time.11、The old rules need _to be revised_(revise)because they only applied to the circumstanc

35、es that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.12、The boss requested that all applications_should be sunbmitted_(submit)by Monday.13、This is the first time that we _have seen_(see)a film in the cinema together as a family.14、Sometimes the boy pretends (pretend)to be asleep,though he is awake.15、Time should be spent _learning_ (learn)English by everybody at present.16、With many of his books _published_(publish),he became more and more famous.17、_Wallking_(walk)in the street,I met an old friend of mine.18、Once_tasted_(taste),the dish is hard to forget.