初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 10高频易错点讲解.doc

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1、八年级英语下册Unit10高频易错点讲解一、since和for在现在完成时里的区别1.since “自从”since+从句(一般过去时)，主句用现在完成时。如:He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校以来，他学习非常努力。since 其后接时间点或从句(一般过去时)， 也可以接“一段时间+ago”，或句型Its+ 时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”表示某事是从什么时候开始的。如:It has been two months since I last saw her.我上次见到她已经两个月了。2.for 其后

2、接时间段，for+一段时间，表示某事持续了多长时间I have been a doctor for fifteen years.= I have been a doctor since 2009.=I have been a doctor since 15 years ago.我当医生已经15年了。I have been a doctor since I was 25 years old.我从25岁起就当医生了。二、how 相关的短语及疑问句用法辨析: how long, how soon, how often, how far1.how long“多长时间”，用来对时间段进行提问，常见的答语

3、有“for+时间段”, since+过去时间， since+一般过去时句子2.how soon “还要多久”，“多长时间之后”， 用于提问某个动作或状态将在多久之后发生或完成， 回答通常使用“in + 时间段”的形式， in five minutes（五分钟后）， in three days（三天后）等。3.how often “多久一次;多长时间一次”，对频率进行提问，常见的答语有usually, sometimes, never等频度副词以及once a week, twice a month等表示频度的短语。4.how far 意为“多远”，常用来对两地之间的距离进行提问。如:-How

4、long have you been away from your hometown?你离开家乡多久了? -For about five years./ Since five years ago.大约五年了。-How long have you learned English?-你学英语多久了?-For ten years./ Since 2014./ Since I was five years old.-十年了。/自2014年起。/自我五岁时候。-How soon will your father be back?-你的父亲将在多久后回来?-In five days.-五天后。-How s

5、oon can you finish your homework?还要你多久才能完成你的作业?- In half an hour.-半小时后-How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次? -Once a week.一周一次。-How far is it from here to your school?从这到你学校多远? -Three kilometers.三千米。【练习】1.Miss Wang, _can I keep the magazine Crazy Reading?Until the end of this month.A.how m

6、uchB.how farC.how oftenD.how long2.How far is the factory from here?Its about 4 kilometres _.A.far B.long C.away D.near3.一_ do you go home?一We go home once a week .A.how much B.how farC.how often D.how long4.一_ has he studied English.一He has studied English for ten years .A.how much B.how farC.how m

7、any D.how long5.一_ is it from here to our school?一It is five kilometers from here to our school.A.how much B.how farC.how many D.how long6.一_ will the bus leave Nanjing for Shanghai?一The bus will leave Nanjing for Shanghai in a moment .A.how much B.how soonC.how many D.how long【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.D5.B6.B

8、三、have been to, have been in, have gone to区别have been to 去过，已经回来have gone to 去了，还没回来have been in 一直都在【练习】1.(遂宁中考)-Where is your uncle?一He_America and he_ New York for two weeks.A.has been to;has been in B.has gone to; will stay in C.has been in;has been to D.has stayed in;has gone to2.-Have you ever

9、_the Terracotta Army in Xian?-Yes, I went there last year.A.gone toB.been toC.been inD.went to3.一Have you ever _an amusement park?一Yes, I have.I enjoyed myself there last year.A.been toB.gone toC.went toD.go to4.(2020丹东中考)一Mom,where is dad?一He_the supermarket.A.was going toB.has gone toC.has been to

10、D.is going to5.-Where is Mr.Green?-He_the bookshop.You have to wait for him.A.was going toB.has gone toC.has been toD.went to【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B四、not.any more和not.any longer区别not.anymore 相当于no more，意为“不再”，侧重于程度或数量上不再增加。not.any longer 相当于no longer，意为“不再”，表示时间或距离的不再延长，常含有今昔对比之意，比较正式，常用于一般现在时和过去时。如:The

11、 baby no more cried.=The baby did not cry anymore.这个婴儿不再哭了。 She is no longer young.= She is not young any longer.她不再年轻。五、do with和deal with 区别do with “处理:安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用。deal with “处理;应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用。如:I dont know what to do with these letters.我不知道如何处理这些信件。 He taught me how to deal with p

12、ressure.他告诉我怎么样应付压力。【练习】1.I dont know how they will deal with the problem.（写出同义句）2.The task is too difficult.I have no idea of _ it.A.what to make withB.how to do withC.what to deal withD.what to do with【答案】1. I dont know what they will do with the problem.2.D六、keep的用法小结keep -kept-kept归纳如下:1.用作系动词意为

13、“保持(某种状态)”，其后常接形容词作表语。如:Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!2.用作实义动词(1).保管;保存;保留Please keep these things for me while I am away.当我不在的时候，请帮我保管一会这些东西。(2).赡养;饲养 l used to keep sheep in my childhood.在我童年时期，我曾养过羊。(3)坚持;继续接 V-ing 形式作宾语。lf you keep practicing your spoken English, youll soon make great progre

14、ss.如果你坚持练习你的英语口语，不久你将取得巨大进步。(4)阻止;阻碍keep sb/sth from doing sth “阻止某人做某事”其中介词 from 不能省略。The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match.大雨阻止了他们观看足球比赛。(5)保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词lf your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你的手凉了，就把它们放在口袋里。 keep +

15、sb/sth + 形容词These gloves will keep your hands warm.这些手套会让你的手保持温暖。 keep + sb/sth +V-ing“让某人/某物一直.”，强调动作的持续性。Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.很抱歉，让你久等了。【其他短语】keep a record 保持记录keep in touch (with)保持与.的联系keep out (of) 把.关在外面keep up 保持;使不能入睡 keep ones / an eye on密切注视keep away (from) 离开keepin mind 牢记keep on

16、esword 遵守诺言七、opposite的用法1.介词 在.对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位2.形容词 另一边的;对面的;相反的3.副词 在对面4.名词 “对立的人(或物);对立面”，常与介词of连用如:They live opposite the movie theater.他们住在电影院对面。We live on the opposite side of the river.我们住在河对面。Theres a young woman living opposite.有一个年轻女人住在对面。Fat” is the opposite of “thin”.“

17、胖”是“瘦”的反义词。【练习】1.There is a bank opposite our school.（英译汉）2. She turned and walked away in the opposite direction.（英译汉）【答案】1.我们学校对面有一家银行。2.她转身往反方向走了。八、among 和 between区别among 指三者或三者以上的“在中间，在之间”。between 表示“在中间时”，指“在两者之间”，如果指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。如:He is sitting among the classmates.他坐在同学们中间。Theres a small river between the two villages.这两个村庄之间有一条小河。(两者之间)When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them.我们谈论宇宙的时候，我们指的是地球、太阳、月亮和星星，以及它们之间的空间。(两两之间)5