口腔颌面部肿瘤 .ppt
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1、Prof.Liu JianhuaPhD.MS.DDS.Dept.of Oral-Maxillofacial Surg.&DentistryFirst affiliated hospitalZhejiang university school of medicine Tumorsin oral&maxillo-facial regionNaming:original tissue,biological type,position.Such as:squamous cell carcinoma of right tongueCritical t.:biologically benign tumor
2、,but has malignant tendency and infiltrating growth.such as:ameloblastoma,mixed tumor,papiloma.A mass in left submandibular region for 5 years,slow growing,with no symptom.Diagnosis?Further examination?Left tongue ulcer 3 months,painful,Poor condition of oral cavity,what todo next?Black lesion in so
3、ft palate,grows rapidlyrecent 3 months,shall we make a biopsy?manifestations&diagnosisJudgement of a mass on patient:1)tumor/not tumor(inflam.TB,malformation,etc.)2)benign/malignantDifferentiation benign tumor malignant tumorAge any age carcinoma/agedness;sarcoma/youngGrowth speed slow fasterGrowth
4、manner bulge invasiveBoundary smooth,movable unclear,unmovableSymptom generally no painful/numbness/funct.limmit Metastasis no maybeBody affect generally no organ destroy/system destroyHistology struct.well differentiated worse diff./abn.nuclear close to norm.cell/tissue division;benign/malignant?be
5、nign/malignant?Means of diagnosis1)case history:arise,progress2)clinical examine:look、touch、listen to(with stethoscope)3)image:X-ray,panoramic radiograph,CT,MRI,DSA,B-ultrasonic,PET/CT4)puncture:for liquid5)biopsy:no melanoma/parotid g.6)tumor markers:CEA,AFP,CA50/125/153/242/724 etc.treatment1)trea
6、tment principle:benign tumorsurgery first;malignant bined 2)methods:Surgery.:safe edge1 cm for malignacyRadiotherapy.:oral preparationremove ill tooth and metal crown;fill decayed tooth;tooth cleaning-(to prevent jaw infection,necrosis,redial beam focus)Chemotherapy:before,during,post-operationother
7、s:thermotherapy./immunother./herbs/biotherapy Prevention of oral cancer1.eliminate or reduce carcinogen:incomplete tooth root or crown、displaced tooth、sharp tooth edge、poor denture;hot food、tobacco and alcohol;environment contamination(air pollution,paint,glue););psycho-problem.2.treat precancerous
8、lesion in time:mucosa erythema、leukoplakia、oral lichen planus、papilloma etc.3.investigate vulnerable population and give educationquestion:how to prevent oral cancers?第二节第二节 Oral&Maxillofacial cyst口腔颌面部囊肿口腔颌面部囊肿Commonness of Cysts囊肿共性囊肿共性有囊壁有囊壁wall、囊内容物囊内容物content(液液体体/固形物固形物liquid/solid)边界清楚边界清楚缓慢增
9、大缓慢增大颌骨囊肿可造成骨组织压迫性吸收颌骨囊肿可造成骨组织压迫性吸收expansile absorbing软组织囊肿软组织囊肿一、皮脂腺囊肿一、皮脂腺囊肿sebaceous cyst病因病因pathogeny:皮脂腺皮脂腺sebaceous gland排泄管排泄管阻塞,分泌物蓄积阻塞,分泌物蓄积-潴留性潴留性retentive囊肿。囊肿。临床表现:与皮肤粘连。色素点临床表现:与皮肤粘连。色素点pigment dot。恶性变恶性变-皮脂腺癌。皮脂腺癌。治疗:梭形治疗:梭形shuttle切口切口-疤痕。二次法(刘氏)疤痕。二次法(刘氏)二、皮样、表皮样囊肿二、皮样、表皮样囊肿dermoid/ep
10、idermoid cyst病因:病因:胚胎胚胎embryo期上皮残留期上皮残留remnant、后天植入(手术、外伤)后天植入(手术、外伤)临床表现:青少年。皮样临床表现:青少年。皮样-口底、颏口底、颏下。表皮样下。表皮样-面部。与皮肤无粘连。面部。与皮肤无粘连。面团样面团样-上皮细胞、毛囊、毛发、皮上皮细胞、毛囊、毛发、皮脂腺。脂腺。治疗:治疗:手术摘除。下颌舌骨肌、颏舌骨手术摘除。下颌舌骨肌、颏舌骨肌肌-上、下进路不同。上、下进路不同。三、甲状舌管囊肿三、甲状舌管囊肿thyroglossal tract cyst病因:胚胎第四周病因:胚胎第四周-甲状腺始基甲状腺始基-甲状舌管甲状舌管-第六周
11、:管消失,留下甲第六周:管消失,留下甲状腺、舌盲孔。管残留状腺、舌盲孔。管残留-囊肿。下移囊肿。下移障碍障碍-异位甲状腺。异位甲状腺。临床表现:临床表现:1-10岁岁成年。成年。舌盲孔舌盲孔-胸胸骨切迹之间。舌骨上下最多。圆形,质骨切迹之间。舌骨上下最多。圆形,质中,囊性感,随吞咽、伸舌运动,穿刺中,囊性感,随吞咽、伸舌运动,穿刺-无色无色/有色液体,有色液体,B超。感染超。感染-瘘瘘-癌变。癌变。(鉴别诊断鉴别诊断)舌异位甲状腺:舌异位甲状腺:舌根部,蓝紫色,柔软,舌根部,蓝紫色,柔软,“含橄榄含橄榄”音。音。1、迷走甲状腺:除异位外,颈部无甲状腺。、迷走甲状腺:除异位外,颈部无甲状腺。2、
12、副甲状腺:颈部也有,舌根也有。、副甲状腺:颈部也有,舌根也有。*碘碘-131/锝锝-99扫描为可靠依据。扫描为可靠依据。治疗治疗囊肿囊肿+舌骨中段一起切除。舌骨中段一起切除。误切迷走甲状腺误切迷走甲状腺-终身服药。终身服药。四四 鳃裂囊肿鳃裂囊肿branchial cleft cyst病因:病因:胚胎第三周胚胎第三周-5对鳃弓对鳃弓-4对鳃裂对鳃裂-鳃裂上皮残余鳃裂上皮残余-囊肿囊肿临床表现:临床表现:20-50岁(第一鳃裂年龄较小)。岁(第一鳃裂年龄较小)。质软,波动感质软,波动感fluctuate,上呼吸道感染上呼吸道感染-增增大,恶变大,恶变-鳃裂癌,感染鳃裂癌,感染-鳃裂瘘鳃裂瘘fis
13、tula(有外口无内口),先天瘘有外口无内口),先天瘘congenital-原发性鳃裂瘘(有外口也有内口),穿刺原发性鳃裂瘘(有外口也有内口),穿刺-有色有色/无色;含无色;含/不含胆固醇液,不含胆固醇液,B超。超。二、颌骨囊肿二、颌骨囊肿maxillary cyst牙源性颌骨囊肿牙源性颌骨囊肿odontogenic jaw cyst 造牙组织造牙组织/牙牙-演变而来(根尖、含牙、演变而来(根尖、含牙、角化、始基)角化、始基)非牙源性颌骨囊肿非牙源性颌骨囊肿non-odontogenic 胚胎期面突残余上皮胚胎期面突残余上皮-面裂囊肿面裂囊肿 创伤创伤-血外渗性囊肿血外渗性囊肿intra-bl
14、eeding牙源性颌骨囊肿牙源性颌骨囊肿 odontogenic jaw cyst根尖囊肿(根尖囊肿(radicular cyst)慢性根尖周炎慢性根尖周炎-肉芽肿肉芽肿-牙周膜上牙周膜上皮残余皮残余-上皮团块上皮团块-液化液化 残余囊肿(残余囊肿(residual cyst):拔牙后肉芽肿拔牙后肉芽肿残留所致残留所致 始基囊肿始基囊肿(primordial cyst)造釉器发育早期造釉器发育早期-星网层变性星网层变性-渗渗出出含牙囊肿含牙囊肿(dentigerous cyst)牙冠表面与缩余釉上皮之间牙冠表面与缩余釉上皮之间-渗出渗出角化囊肿角化囊肿(keratocyst)原始牙胚原始牙胚/
15、牙板残余牙板残余-增生(含角化物,增生(含角化物,壁厚,子囊壁厚,子囊/上皮岛)上皮岛)临床表现临床表现clinical characteristics 缓慢、膨胀性生长缓慢、膨胀性生长-颌骨坚硬肿块颌骨坚硬肿块-乒乓感乒乓感-波动感波动感-骨折骨折诊断诊断穿刺穿刺 草黄色液体草黄色液体X线线 根尖囊肿根尖囊肿-根尖在囊内,死髓根尖在囊内,死髓 始基囊肿始基囊肿-下下8区区/升支部好发升支部好发 含牙囊肿含牙囊肿-牙冠在囊内牙冠在囊内 角化囊肿角化囊肿-下下8区区/升支部好发升支部好发治疗治疗手术摘除手术摘除 局麻局麻/全麻,口内全麻,口内/口外口外 角化囊肿易复发角化囊肿易复发/癌变:石炭酸
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