环境健康安全风险评估 .ppt

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1、1环境安全健康境安全健康 风险评估估EHS Risk Management 2lRisk Management entails:1.Risk assessment of any work activity or trade;2.Control and monitoring of such risks and3.Communicating these risks to all persons involved.Risk assessment-an integral part of risk management.It is the process of:Identifying and analy

2、sing safety and health hazards associated with work;Assessing the risks involved andPrioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks.Communication of the hazards to employees Training,Certification,Safe Working ProcedureEvery workplace,including factories,should conduct risk assessm

3、ents for all routine and non-routine work undertaken.3Risk Management vs.Risk AssessmentRisk RankingSensitivity AnalysisRiskConsequenceFrequencyHazard IdentificationRisk AssessmentCost Benefit AnalysisRisk Acceptance TolerabilityRisk AnalysisRisk ManagementRisk Management4What is the purpose of a Ri

4、sk Assessment?When should you do a Risk Assessment?Who performs a Risk Assessment?What are the basic step to perform a Risk Assessment?Risk Assessment Questions5Risk Assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating hazards and implementing control measures to eliminate or reduce the potential

5、 for loss to:PersonnelEquipmentPropertyEnvironmentRisk Assessment-Definitions12-Jun-246lRisk a combination of the likelihood(probability)and consequences(severity)of a specified hazardous event occurringEach hazard is evaluated in terms of risk(Probability X Consequence=Risk)Risk Assessment-Definiti

6、onsProbability the likelihood that the potential harm or loss will occur(frequency)Consequence the outcome of exposure to an identified hazard(severity)7Hazard an activity,situation,or condition that has the potential for harm in terms of:Risk Assessment-DefinitionsInjuryIllnessDamage to propertyDam

7、age to the environmentThere are at least 14 categories of hazards.Try to write down 5 of them on your list12-Jun-2481.SLIPS,TRIPS OR FALLS at the same level2.SLIPS,TRIPS OR FALLS at height3.STRUCK BY falling,flying,moving objects4.STRUCK AGAINST bumping into,stepping,falling against5.CAUGHT IN,UNDER

8、,BETWEEN,AGAINST moving machinery/objects,collapsing structure6.OVER EXERTION lifting/pulling/pushing objects7.EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURE EXTREMES heat/cold,objects or substancesHazard Categories98.EXPOSURE TO HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Dust,chemicals,fumes,radiation,noise any route into the body9.CONTACT WITH

9、 ELECRICITY10.VEHICLE ACCIDENT11.PROCESS OR PRODUCTION UPSET Blowout,plant or equipment failure12.ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION Spill13.ERGONOMICS Visual Display units(VDU),and repetitive strain activities14.OTHER(SPECIFY)(Drowning,suffocating,etc.)Hazard Categories12-Jun-2410Any hazards here?Hazard R

10、ecognitionWhat are the Risks?12-Jun-2411Risk Matrix12-Jun-2412Risk Matrix12-Jun-2413The Risk Assessment Form12-Jun-2414Existing/Potential Impacts1.Examine each step carefully.2.Identify the hazard(s)associated with each step.Decide who is at riskUse experience or historical informationDiscuss with i

11、nvolved employeesReview safety information(MSDS)3.Number the hazard list to correspond with your steps.12-Jun-2415Hazard Types7.Exposure to Temperature Extremes8.Exposure to Harmful Substances9.Contact with Electricity10.Vehicle Accident11.Process or Production Upset12.Environment Contamination13.Er

12、gonomics(VDUs)14.Other(Specify)1.Slips,Trips or Falls (at same level)2.Slips,Trips or Falls (at height)3.Struck By4.Struck Against5.Caught In,Under,Between or Against6.Over Exertion12-Jun-2416ConsequenceCatastrophic(Score of 5)a hazard that could realistically result in:Multiple fatalities Property

13、or equipment damage in excess of$100,000(U.S.)Environmentally damaging offsite spill,of reportable quantity,causing major public concern,possible offsite health riskMajor(Score of 4)a hazard that could realistically result in:A single fatality or major injury Property or equipment damage in excess o

14、f$50,000-100,000(U.S.)Explosions or fires requiring outside assistance,radiation releases Chronic spills,possible offsite,non-toxic 55 gal or reportable quantity of hazmat,acute health riskMinor(Score of 2)a hazard that could realistically result in:Injuries involving first aid Minor property or equ

15、ipment damage$500-10,000(U.S.)Minor onsite spill,non-toxic,5-55 gal.No/minimal foreseeable damage,$500 Negligible onsite spill,non-toxic,55 gal.or non-reportable quantity of hazmat 12-Jun-2417FrequencyExtreme(Score of 5)Certain that harm will occur.Records or experience indicate daily to monthly occ

16、urrenceHigh(Score of 4)Near certain that harm will occur.Records or experience indicate monthly to quarterly occurrenceMedium(Score of 3)Harm will seldom occur.Records or experience indicate a yearly occurrenceLow(Score of 2)Harm will occur on very rare occasions.Records show occurrence at some time

17、Improbable(Score of 1)Harm is theoretically possible,but improbable.Records or experience indicate no previous occurrence12-Jun-2418Risk ScoreRisk=Consequence X FrequencyRisk=(1 to 5)X(1 to 5)If whole numbers are used for scoring,then the following scores are possible:Low Risks-1,2,3,4Medium Risks-5

18、,6,8,9High Risks-10,12,15,16,20,2512-Jun-2419To Eliminate or Reduce The ScorelUse the first two columns as a guide.lList every action necessary to eliminate or minimize every hazard that could lead to an accident,injury or occupational illness(all hazards should be reconciled).lNumber the actions to

19、 correspond with the steps and identified hazards.lBe specific.Say exactly what needs to be done to correct the hazard.20Taking ActionAssess the RisklUse accepted method of risk assessmentlTake the time necessaryAgreement and ApprovallReach group consensus on possible actionslLook at feasibility and

20、 appropriateness of the actionsCommunicatelFollow appropriate lines of communicationlShare what you learn so that others benefitlCommunicate with those who need to knowlemployees in the workplaceltemporary or contract laborlothers affected by your operationslThose considering altering work processes

21、MonitorlAssign the appropriate personnel to implement the actions.lSet target dates for completion of every action.lRecord the completion date as each is finished.lKeep records of assessments and corresponding actions12-Jun-2421Other Risk Assessment Supplements lJob Safety Analysis(Task Analysis)l5

22、X 5 TechniquelWorkplace Audits and InspectionslMaterial Safety Data SheetslIncident InvestigationslOutside sources lSimple Risk Assessment ToolRisk Assessment Tools12-Jun-2422lIdentifies the various steps involved in the joblWhere it is happening(environment)lWho or what it is happening to(exposure)

23、lWhat precipitates the hazard(trigger)lWhat outcome would occur should it happen(consequence),andlAny other contributing factorslObserve the job being performedlEnsure the descriptions of each step are detailed and accurateJob Safety Analysis(JSA)12-Jun-2423lIdentify the hazards associated with each

24、 step(and ask)lWhat can go wrong?lWhat are the consequences?lHow could it arise?lWhat are other contributing factors?lHow likely is it that the hazard will occur?lIdentify controls in place for each hazardlIdentify if additional controls are neededJob Safety Analysis(JSA)continuedcontinued12-Jun-242

25、4lA risk assessment process employees can use when performing non-routine or unfamiliar tasks to insure it is completed in the safest manner possiblelTake 5 minutes and ask yourself 5 questions1.Why am I doing it at all?2.What could go wrong?3.How could it affect me,or others?4.How likely is it to h

26、appen?5.What can I do about it?lReport to your supervisor if further analysis is neededFive X Five Technique12-Jun-2425Documented informal(individual)and structured(team)inspections are conducted periodically to identify deficiencies Workplace Audits or Inspections12-Jun-2426Target areas include:Wor

27、kplace Audits or InspectionsCranes&HoistsForkliftsMachine GuardingPPELockout/TagoutCompressed Gas,Welding and Cutting EquipmentChemical/Flammable/Hazardous Material Storage&UsageFire ExtinguishersWalkwaysFlammable StorageExitsSafety EquipmentElectricalBarrel&Bulk StorageGeneral HousekeepingLaddersHa

28、nd tools 12-Jun-2427Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)lMSDS A document issued by the manufacturer,distributor,or supplier of chemicals which provides information about the properties of chemicals and the health,safety,and environmental issues related to their use.Each employee must be made aware of t

29、he hazards Each employee must be made aware of the hazards of chemicals used or stored in their worksiteof chemicals used or stored in their worksite12-Jun-2428Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)lEmployees must know how and where to access information about the chemicals in their area(before being ass

30、igned work).lThe importance of evaluating chemical hazard risks cannot be underemphasized!lEach supervisor and employee has the responsibility of being competent in the use of MSDS12-Jun-2429Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)lMSDS have the following information:Chemical Product&CompanyComposition/Ing

31、redientsHazards IdentificationFirst Aid MeasuresFire Fighting MeasuresAccidental Release MeasuresHandling and StorageExposure Controls/Personal ProtectionPhysical&Chemical PropertiesStability&ReactivityToxicological InformationEcological InformationDisposal ConsiderationsTransport InformationRegulat

32、ory Information12-Jun-2430An objective,written,and team based investigation in which who,what,and why information is collected for the purpose of determining root cause and implementing corrective actions to prevent recurrenceIncident InvestigationsIncident-an undesirable event which could or does r

33、esult in unintended harm or damage to:PeopleEquipmentProcessVehiclesProductsInformationEnvironmentCompany reputationThis includes near misses12-Jun-2431lSome situations require experts from a particular field and/or specialized equipment to evaluate a risk(s)lIndustrial HygienistslStructural Enginee

34、rslCivil EngineerslMedical ProfessionalslEtcRisk Assessment Outside Sources12-Jun-2432A written,documented analysis of a particular job in which the task is broken down into steps,and identifies:Simple Risk Assessment ToolJob StepsPotential impactsHazard types Uncontrolled Risk(Cons.X Prob.=Risk)Exi

35、sting Risk ControlRecommended Risk ControlsResidual RiskResponsible PersonScheduled DateCompletion Date12-Jun-2433The Risk Assessment Team-Conducted by a team of persons who have a thorough knowledge of the work to be assessed.Team members should include management staff,process or facility engineer

36、s,technical personnel,supervisors,production operators,maintenance staff and safety personnel if available.The risk assessment team should also include contractor/supplier personnel who are involved with the work,whenever necessary.Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2434Steps in conducting Risk Asses

37、sment Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2435Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2436Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2437PREPARATION WORKPrior to conducting a risk assessment,the following information should be obtained as far as possible:Plant layout plan Process flowchart List of work activities an

38、d/or trades List of chemicals used List of machinery and tools used Records of past incidents and accidents Relevant legislation Relevant codes of practice or specifications Inspection records Details of existing risk controls Health and safety audit reports Feedback from staff,clients,suppliers or

39、other stakeholders Safe work procedures Other information such as MSDS,manufacturers instruction manual Copies of any relevant previous risk assessmentsSimple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2438Step 1-HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONThe most important step in risk assessment because hazards can only be controlled

40、if they are identified.Hazard Identification involves identifying the hazards associated with the activity of each process and type of potential accidents or incidents.During this phase,the aim is to spot hazards,brainstorm on all the possible types of accidents and ill health that can happen due to

41、 the hazard,and identify the persons that can be victims of the accident or ill health.Workplace safety and health hazards can be identified by considering:1.Method of work e.g.repeated tasks and unsafe work practices2.Electrical and mechanical hazards3.Manual material handling e.g.lifting,pulling a

42、nd pushing4.Chemicals eg.corrosive substances5.Machinery or plant eg.unguarded machines6.Temporary structure eg.scaffolds7.Environmental conditions,eg.slippery surfaces,lighting level,unstable soil conditions8.Layout and location of equipmentSimple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2439Possible types of ac

43、cident or incident and ill health include:Persons-at-risk include:Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2440Step 2-RISK EVALUATIONRisk evaluation consists of:1.Identifying the existing risk control measures;2.Assessing the potential severity of the hazards;3.Determining the likelihood of occurrence and4

44、.Assessing the risk level based on the severity and likelihood.Risk evaluation is the process of estimating the risk levels for the hazards and their acceptability.This is used as a basis for prioritizing actions to control these hazards and minimize safety and health risks.Simple Risk Assessment To

45、ol12-Jun-2441Existing risk control The presence of existing control measures should first be identified for individual activity for each process.By considering the effectiveness of the existing controls and the consequences of their failure,the risk of the activity can be assessed.Examples of risk c

46、ontrol measures include engineering controls,safe workprocedures and personal protective equipment.Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2442Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2443Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2444Simple Risk Assessment Tool12-Jun-2445Step 3-RISK ControlSimple Risk Assessment Tool12-

47、Jun-2446Simple Risk Assessment Tool47Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Warnings Training and procedures Protective Equipment Substitute less hazardous materialReduce energy,speed,pressure,voltage,sound level,forceChange process to eliminate noisePerform task at ground levelAutomated m

48、aterial handlingVentilation systemsMachine guardingSound enclosuresCircuit breakersPlatforms and guard railingLift tables,conveyors,balancersComputer warningsOdor in natural gasSignsBackup alarms on vehiclesBeeper or hornsLabelsProceduresRotation of workersEquipment inspectionsHazard communication t

49、rainingLockout/TagoutConfined space entrySafety glassesEar plugsGoggles or faceshieldsSafety harnessesBack beltsSteel toed shoesExamplesRisk Assessment-Risk Control Hierarchy12-Jun-244812-Jun-2449The control of hazards and reduction of risks can be accomplished by following the Hierarchy of Control

50、measures below.These control measures are not usually mutually exclusive e.g.engineering controls can be implemented together with administrative controls like training and safe work procedures.a)EliminationElimination of hazards refers to the total removal of the hazards and henceeffectively making