2018管理类联考英语真题答案详细讲解 .doc

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1、2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because hum

2、ans have an inherent need to _1_ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will _2_ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_3_.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scienti

3、sts at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to _4_ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _5_, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previou

4、s experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would _6_ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _7_ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked mor

5、e pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would _8_. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, _9_ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to _10_ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic d

6、rives for _11_ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can _12_ new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such _13_ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_ things is a

7、 profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _15_, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to _16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to _17_ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the _18_ of following through on

8、 ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine _19_ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term _20_ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” He says. In other words, dont read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek

9、D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .

10、owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin withB. rest onC. learn fromD. lead to13. A. withdrawalB. inquiryC. persistenceD. diligence14. A. self-destructiveB. self-reliantC. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. repl

11、ace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. InvestmentsC. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 2. C seek 3. D hurt 4. C expose 5. B t

12、rial6. C deliver 7. D when 8. A happen 9. B such as 10. D discover11. C food 12. D lead to 13. B inquiry 14. A self-destructive 15. A resist16. A predict 17.B choose 18. C outcome 19. A whether 20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answ

13、er the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teache

14、r at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this weeks cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United St

15、ates but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bi

16、cycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype . that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of

17、 Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degre

18、es for all and the subtle devaluing of anything less misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing,

19、 according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one ob

20、vious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fit

21、s-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of _A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who _A. are financially d

22、isadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates _A. are entitled to more “educational privileges”B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC. used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to

23、have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all _A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude toward Kozi

24、ates school can be described as _A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels coal, oil, gas still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable i

25、s picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especial

26、ly wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to po

27、wer 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Informati

28、on Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels especially coal as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines d

29、ot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine?” h

30、as provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-power

31、ed electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps

32、just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does or doesnt do to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting” (2) is closest in meaning to _.A. rising B. fallingC. changingD. stabilizing27.

33、According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech gi

34、ants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply 29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .It

35、s sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy_.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to

36、its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product a

37、t all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.

38、Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be t

39、hat the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared

40、to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadva

41、ntage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all

42、other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives e

43、xude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According

44、 to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_.A. digital productsBuser informationB. physical assetsC. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer records C. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commissi

45、on33. According to the author, competition law _A. should serve the new market powers B. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because

46、_.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliable C. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate _A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC

47、. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or t