2024届高考英语语法--主语从句课件.pptx

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1、一开心每课解密解密主主语语从句从句Elaboration of Subject Clauses主讲人：（）Summer一开心每课解密解密Content一一般般主主语语从句从句概念与特征010203二般二般主主语语从句从句主语从句后置；易混点辨析易混点辨析It主语与It强调一开心每课一一般般主主语语从句从句概念与特征01一开心每课【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？句子的成分一开心每课名名词词代代词词形形容容词词数数词词动词动词副副词词介介

2、词词连词连词感感叹词叹词冠冠词词表示数表示数目目或或顺顺序序连连接接词词与与词词或句与句或句与句的作用的作用用用来限制来限制名名词词的的意意义义表示表示动动作作或状或状态态名名词词、代、代词词其他其他词词之之间间的的关系关系表示表示人人或或事物的事物的特征或性状特征或性状表示表示强强烈烈的的感情感情代替代替名名词词、数、数词词等等表示表示动动作的作的特征或性状特征特征或性状特征表示表示人人或或事物的名事物的名称称一开心每课名词性从句作为一个整体，充当句子主语时，就是主语从句。主语从句通常出现在句首，谓语动词之前。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。（引导词whoe

3、ver在从句中作主语）What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat.曾经令人兴奋的新玩意转眼成了旧物。（引导词what在从句中作主语）What she said sounded convincing,but I suspect it to be a lie.她的话听起来像那么回事，但我认为那是谎话。（引导词what在从句中作said的宾语）主语从句010203一开心每课What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in th

4、e market.解密句插入语主语从句谓语表语从句一开心每课解密句What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.他指出，与上一次的低迷不同的是，现在市场上仍有买家。一开心每课解密句Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through

5、 a native language.主语从句谓语宾语从句一开心每课解密句Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language.大多数这些需要能否存续下去要取决于该文化群体渴望通过大多数这些需要能否存续下去要取决于该文化群体渴望通过自己的母语来保持他们特征的强烈程度。自己的母语来保持他们特征的强烈程度。一开心每课定义：定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从

6、句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词:that,whether；连接代词:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；连接副词:when,where,how和why。一开心每课1).从属连词：从属连词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that，whether 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略本身无实际意义，但不能省略.whether意为意为“是否是否”，放在句首句末皆可。，放在句首句末皆可。Thatpri

7、cewillgoupiscertain.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.一开心每课1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。省略这些连接词。误：误：They should like each other is natural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，表示如果主语从句放在句首，表示“是否是否”讲时，不能用讲时，不能用if引导，引导，只能用只能用whether;，但是如果用，但

8、是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.注注 意意正：正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.一开心每课2).2).连接代词连接代词:who,whom,

9、whose,what,:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhich,whoever,whatever,whichever例例:(1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.(2).Whose bag it is can not be told.(3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.(4).It is not yet decided which cash c

10、rop will be produced next year.(5).Whatever he said was right.(6).Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 oclock.一开心每课1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3）主语从句中用陈述语序）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致 ，且根

11、据句子的语境而定。，且根据句子的语境而定。eg：一开心每课3).3).连接副词连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how:when,where,why,how,how many,how much,how long,how soon,how oftenmuch,how long,how soon,how often例例:(1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon.(2).Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out.(3).Why he came her

12、e is not known.(4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.(5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known.(6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.一开心每课22二般二般主主语语从句从句主语从句后置；02一开心每课也就是主语从句后置；名词性从句作主语时，在结构上给人一种头重脚轻的感觉，为了

13、平衡句子结构，常用代词it充当形式主语，将由主语从句充当的真正主语置于谓语之后。常见以it作为形式主语的结构有：二般主从It作为形式主语的结构例句Itbe形容词that从句形容词necessary,important,obvious.Itbe过去分词that从句过去分词believed,known to all,decided.Itbe名词that从句名词no wonder,a pity,luck.It不及物动词that从句不及物动词appear,happen,turn out.一开心每课也就是主语从句后置；名词性从句作主语时，在结构上给人一种头重脚轻的感觉，为了平衡句子结构，常用代词it充当

14、形式主语，将由主语从句充当的真正主语置于谓语之后。常见以it作为形式主语的结构有：二般主从 It is essential that these application forms(should)be sent as early as possible.重要重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。It has not been decided where the meeeting is to be held.在哪里开会还没决定。It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive 10 days after.十天后矿工还活着完全是

15、靠运气。一开心每课解密句It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.形式主语主语从句定语从句一开心每课解密句It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.现在仍需考虑天气情况对气流的影响，因为气流关系到编队飞行的效率。一开心每课22易混点辨析易混点辨析It主

16、语与It强调03一开心每课it作为形式主语的结构与作为形式主语的结构与it引导强调句的区分引导强调句的区分it作作为为形形式式主主语语时时，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，可可按按正常语序正常语序把后置的真正主语把后置的真正主语置于句首置于句首。例例如如：Where the meeting is to be held has not been decided.易混点一开心每课 it引导的引导的强调句强调句最常见的结构是最常见的结构是“it is/was强调部强调部分分that句子其他成分句子其他成分”，强调部分为人时，强调部分为人时，that还可以用还可以用who替代。注意，替代

17、。注意，it is/was.that.是一个固是一个固定框架，只起强调作用，把这个框架定框架，只起强调作用，把这个框架去掉去掉，剩下的，剩下的句子句子表达仍然是完整表达仍然是完整的，的，it在句中不充当任何成分。在句中不充当任何成分。例如：例如：易混点一开心每课It is not only in public ways,but in private life equally,that wisdom is needed.不仅在公共场合中，在不仅在公共场合中，在私人生活中同样需要智慧。（私人生活中同样需要智慧。（not only.but.为强调为强调部分，正常语序为部分，正常语序为Wisdom i

18、s needed not only in.but in.）Lenin stressed that it is the people who create history.列宁强调说正是人民创造了历史。（列宁强调说正是人民创造了历史。（the people为强为强调部分，正常语序为调部分，正常语序为Lenin stressed that the people create history.）易混点一开心每课解密句It was only afer toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepte

19、d developmental stage.一开心每课解密句It was only afer toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.一开心每课解密句It was only afer toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.“蹒跚学步者”是在成为常见销售术语之后，才逐渐演变成广为人知的孩

20、子成长的一个阶段。一开心每课22总结总结一下一下解密主语从句04一开心每课总结规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。规律二、连词规律二、连词that that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。规律三、规律三、whether whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if if不能不能规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形

21、式。规律六、规律六、what what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。的单复数形式。规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it it 做形式主语，做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。一开心每课主语从句就是在句子中充当主语成分的从句，一般位于主句的谓语之前；在二般情况下，为就是为了避免因为从句过长而导致的“头重脚轻”，所以会用it作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置。it作形式主语的结构与it引导强调句的区别在于，前者是为了平衡句子结构，可按正常语序将真正的主语置于句首；而it引导的强

22、调句，目的是为了强调相应的内容，且相关结构删除后，句子的表达仍然完整。总结一开心每课22巩固巩固练习练习解密主语从句04一开心每课Make sentences:Its certain.well be late.Is he coming or not？We dont knowWhat does he want to tell us?We dont knowWhen will you come back?It doesnt matter.Its certain that we will be late.That well be late is certain.We dont know whethe

23、r he is coming or not.Whether he is coming is not known.We dont know what he wants to tell us.What he wants to tell us is not known.When you will come back doesnt matter.It doesnt matter when you will come back.一开心每课作业：汉译英。用两个方式来翻译中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖是个好消息。一个学生去学好英语是很重要的。据报道中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。地球围着太阳转是个常识。一开

24、心每课answersIt is a good news that Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature.That Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature is a good news.It is important that a student learns English well.That a student learns English well is important.It is reported that Chinese writer M

25、oyan got the Nobel Prize in literature.Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature was reported.The earth moves around the sun is a common knowledge.It is a common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun.一开心每课Complete the sentences using what,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.1.(

26、_ is needed for success)is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow)hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive)has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meet)is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not)is not clear.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhether主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语从句作主语

27、时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:一开心每课1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country.A Which B As C What D It 一开心每课4.Its known to us

28、all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have一开心每课英译汉What we need is money.What he says is not important.Whether they would support us was a problem.Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.When we arrive doesnt matter.一开心每课谢谢谢谢聆听聆听 下次再见！Bye！主讲人：（）