大学英语阅读题以及答案 .doc

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1、窗体顶端 阅读理解(共75小题 , 75分)窗体底端作业与测试测试分析阅读理解75题，总分值：75分Directions： Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Governments throughout the w

2、orld act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research ex

3、perts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to in

4、terfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized (利用) to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to red

5、uce the wastage of natural resources or develop resources hitherto (到目前为止) unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people ever

6、ywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations (创新) for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated spe

7、ed compared with the past. For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade

8、 or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements

9、 themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.1)What is believed to directly affect the w

10、elfare of people according to the passage?A. Varying measures of centralized controlB. Economic strength and wealth of the community.C. Economists and operational research experts.D. Help of specialized scientists.2)How can the governments do to promote the production?A. By interfering in different

11、sectors that can promote science and technology to ensure smooth operationB. By asking the scientists and technologists to improve efficiency.C. By utilizing natural resources to the best advantage.D. By changing the structure of education to train more scientists.3)What can be inferred from the dev

12、elopment in mass-communications?A. People are constantly changing their customs and ideas.B. People always want something new and remarkable to feel better.C. Governments are under greater pressure of bringing about new inventions.D. Governments are often forced to keep up with new customs and ideas

13、.4)What has posed pressures and problems for the governments concerned according to the passage?A. Social changes throughout the world are speeding up compared with the past.B. The rate of social changes in the early industrialized countries is becoming slow now.C. The far-reaching changes in social

14、 patterns can be spread over in a developing country within a decade.D. The normal rate of social changes is taking place at a steady speed.5)Why are governments becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists?A. Because governments need to handle social stresses and problems.B.

15、Because governments want to learn from early industrialized countries.C. Because governments have to make modern means of transport relatively easy.D. Because governments need them for the industrialization of their own countries.参考答案：1)B 2)A 3)C 4)A 5)A解析：（无） 收起解析Why do smokers tend to weigh less t

16、han nonsmokers and gain weight when they give up the habit?Contrary to “common knowledge”, nonsmokers do not generally eat more than smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at rest indicates that nicotine (尼古丁) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates

17、, meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. Unless nicotines metabolic effects in

18、crease proportionally with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant.Now a study shows that nicotines effects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase proportionally with increases in activity. “These results indicate that the metabolic effect of nicotine may play a greater par

19、t in accounting for body-weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers than was previously believed,” says Kenneth A. Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.The researchers gave a nicotine nose spray to individuals performing light work in this case riding

20、an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates two to three times.By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy consumption in the armchair bicyclists before and after giving the

21、 nose spray and compared the relative changes with subjects in the control group given placebo (（试验药物用的）无效对照剂) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the nicotine group expended considerably more energy than did those in control group while doing the same amount

22、 of work. With nicotine, Perkins says, “Its as if the body is becoming much less efficient in using its stored energy.”While the results may seem discouraging to smokers whod like to quit without gaining weight, Perkins notes that walking an extra mile a day should make up for the difference in meta

23、bolic efficiency. And he says smokers would have to gain “well more than 50 pounds” to counterbalance the health risks of continued smoking.6)What might “common knowledge” say about smokers and nonsmokers?A. Smokers eat more and exercise less than nonsmokers.B. Smokers eat less and exercise more tha

24、n nonsmokers.C. Smokers eat more and exercise more than nonsmokers.D. Smokers eat less and exercise less than nonsmokers.7)When might nicotine influence smokers weight significantly?A. While smokers are at rest.B. While smokers are exercising.C. When Nicotines metabolic effects and metabolic rates i

25、ncrease at the same rate.D. When Nicotines metabolic effects increase proportionally with the amount of light activities.8)The word “subjects” in the fourth paragraph means .A. researchersB. addicted smokersC. people under medical treatmentD. people undergoing an experiment9)What have the researcher

26、s found out in their study?A. People in the nicotine group consumed more energy.B. People in the control group breathed out more air.C. People without nicotine nose spray are becoming much less efficient in using energy.D. People in the armchair expended more energy than people doing desk work.10)Wh

27、y do the study results seem discouraging to some smokers according to the passage?A. Because they want to keep fit without having to quit smoking.B. Because they want to quit smoking and still keep fit.C. Because they want to gain weight to tackle the health risks of continued smoking.D. Because the

28、y want to walking an extra mile a day to lose some weight.参考答案：6)B 7)C 8)D 9)A 10)B解析：（无） 收起解析According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men

29、 of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. In short, a leader of the new school contends (声称), the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerab

30、le (无数的) directions.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation (创新) have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors su

31、ch as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The core of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileos role at the start of the s

32、cientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the h

33、eavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. g

34、enius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.11)What leads to the expansion of science in terms of the new school of scientists?A. The creative idea

35、s of the great minds.B. The scientific knowledge of the geniuses.C. The improvement of ordinary tools and techniques.D. The neglected force in scientific innovations.12)What is the nature of scientific revolution according to a leader of the new school?A. It helps to invent a series of new instrumen

36、ts.B. It is actually the result of the development of a series of instruments.C. It pushes the science toward a particular direction.D. It has improved the techniques in innumerable directions.13)Why does modern school of scientists pay attention to the invention and improvement of tools and technol

37、ogy?A. Because they can be applied in scientific experiments.B. Because they are greatly admired by scientists and inventors.C. Because they are overlooked by historians and philosophers.D. Because they can be served as a source of basic innovations.14)What can be inferred from the statement “the re

38、al hero of the story, , was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses”?A. The role of Galileo at the start of the scientific revolution was underestimated.B. Ptolemy was the first astronomer to elaborate the system of heavenly motions.C. The improved technology and mac

39、hinery contributed to Galileos great discovery.D. Galileo proved that the sun rather than the earth is the center of the universe.15)What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?A. The governments decision on its finance allocation is determined by its opinion on the priority between science

40、 and technology.B. The government has developed pure science at the expense of technology.C. The government has attached more importance to technology than pure science.D. The government will no longer increase the financial support to pure science.参考答案：11)C 12)B 13)D 14)C 15)A解析：（无） 收起解析Recently th

41、ere has been a tendency to sympathize with thieves whose operations have been carried out on a grand scale, and no attempt whatever has been made to hold them responsible. Some of the most thievish (像窃贼的) transactions have flourished and are still flourishing. Their success and their wealth are the

42、only things recognized. They are honored as financiers and men of affairs, looked up to and respected.In reality they are nothing more and nothing less than a lot of merciless and heartless thieves. Fraud is fraud and cheating is cheating despite the artistic manner in which it is committed or the s

43、ize of the scale upon which it is operated.It is time these men were classed properly and placed where they rightly belong, for they are no better than the miserable sneak-thief who steals a penny from a blind mans dog.For the past two or three years working people who have made sacrifices to save a

44、 few pennies have been cheated most unmercifully. Their hard-earned savings have been stolen from them by every possible scheme from the obvious looting (打劫) of a bank to the higher and more artistic method of legalized high risk, complex financial products. Men high up in the financial world have l

45、ent their names to some of the most shady and notorious schemes that ever dishonored a community or a people. Because of this the most diligent and economical (节俭的) American people have been induced to place their hard-earned and carefully guarded savings in what they were led to believe was a safe

46、investment, only to find out when too late that they had fallen into the hands of a gang of extremely respectable cheats. They cannot recover what they have lost.The thief is too powerful to be affected by the law while the victim is too weak to put its machinery in motion. It may be that the law is

47、 defective, or it may be that those having its machinery in charge are influenced by the wealth of the transgressors (违犯者). Whatever or whichever it is that is responsible ought to be investigated and the evil remedied.16)What does the tendency mentioned in the first paragraph reflect?A. People only

48、 respect success and wealth without any moral judgment.B. People prefer to carry out operations on a grand scale.C. People have made attempt to hold thieves responsible.D. People encourage some of the most thievish transactions to flourish.17)How did working people lose their hard-earned savings?A. They were robbed by the thieves nearby.B. They were unlucky in investment.C. They lent