初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理 .doc

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1、八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Im going to play basketballSection A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“对着：反对；靠着”。e. gWe are all against him 【例1】(10年通化中考)Mr. Black is strongly_ keeping animals in the zoo，because he thinks animals should also have the right t

2、o enjoy freedom Aup Bfor Cagainst Ddown 2cheer sbon为加油，鼓劲 【例2】Our class will have a basketball match with Class Two tomorrow.That sounds exciting. Ill go and_. Acheer on you Bcheer you on Ccheer up you Dcheer you up 3win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(

3、beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手)e.g. In the 29th Olympic Games，Phelps beat the other suimmers and won 8 gold medals himself. 在第29届奥运会上，菲尔普斯战胜其他游泳运动员，一人独获8金。 【例3】(10年福州中考)My favourite football team was_ (beat)in the Cup Fi

4、nal. 【例4】Our team_ the match. Weve got the first place!Well done! Congratulations!Ahit Bbeat Cwon Dwatched【考点链接】 beatwin (1)They_ the basketball match yesterday (2)By hard work she_ the first place in the math exam (3)He can always_ me at chess (4)Its difficult to_ Class 3They have several good play

5、ers【分析比较】 这两个词中都有“赢”的意思。但beat的宾语是对手，即表示人的名词或代词，也可指打破纪录。win的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等的名词或代词。 (1)的宾语是“比赛”，应填won。(2)的宾语是“名次”，应填won。 (3)和(4)的宾语为“代词和表示人的名词”，故填beat。 4prefer宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事

6、 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 【例5】(10年安徽中考) Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV? SometimesIts an interesting program，but I_ Sports News Aprefer Bwant Cenjoy Dmiss 5jointake part in (1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起(做某事) (3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动 【例6】(09年包头中考) The weins

7、are walking the book“who moved my cheese”，its fun to _them. Ajoin Bjoin in Ctake part in Denter 6a littlea bit (1)作状语，修饰比较级egHe is a bita little older than you (2)作主语或宾语egPlease give me a bita little (3)与not连用时not a bit=not at all not a little=very much egHe is not a little tired他非常累。He is not a bit

8、 tired他一点也不累。 (4)作定语修饰不可数名词a little(of)=a bit of (5)quite a bit of后只能接不可数名词。quite a lot of可接可数或不可数名词。quite a few后只能接可数名词。 【例7】(09年上海中考)The American student could speak only_ Chinese，but he managed to communicate with us Afew Ba little Ca few DlittleSection B 1play for a team为某队效力be inon the team在某队打

9、球 【例8】Tom likes basketball very much. He wants to play_ the NBA when he grows up. Awith Bfor C. of Dto 2dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。egmy dream job也可作动词dream ofabout sth.doing sth 【例9】Last night I dreamt_ alone in the mountains。 Aof run Bof running Cto run Dran 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。egHe is one of t

10、he best basketball playersI like him very much但它作主语时，谓语应用单数。One of the tallest boys in the team is from our class. 【例10】(10年莆田中考)The Great Wall of China is one of_ wonders in the world Agreat B. B greater Cthe greatest 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在比赛中”用in egin th

11、e racein the basketball game 6give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。eggive it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 【例11】(10年莆田中考)Smoking is harmful to peoples health, you should_ it_(放弃) 7What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾! 【例12】(10年龙岩中考)一I missed the wonderful basketball Match. ANo problem BWhat a pity C. Not at allSection C 1spen

12、dcostpaytake (1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sthcosts sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用cost作同义句转换。e.gHe paid 20 yuan for the dictionary.=He spent 20 yuan on the dictionary=The dictionary cost him 20 yuan. pay for sth为付款eg. He has paid for the coat (4)t

13、ake一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。 【例13】Its take us about a week _the machine Ato mend Bmend Cmended Dmending【考点链接】 spendtakecostpay (1)The girl _thirty yuan on the scarf yesterday (2)How much did that shirt_ you? (3) I_ five dollars for the book just now (4)It_ me two hours to finish my homework eve

14、ry night (5)Ill_ for the tickets (6)They_ half a day visiting the Great Wall【分析比较】 四者都有花费的意思。spend后接金钱或时间，常用结构为sbspends moneytime on sth或sbspends moneytime(in)doing sth。(1)题意为“昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾”，故填spent。(6)题意为“他们用了半天参观长城”，故填spent。 cost花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用it作形式主语。(2)题意为“这件衬衫花了你多少钱”，故填cost。 pay常与for连用，主语为

15、人。pay for sthpay money for sth(3)题意为“刚才我花了5美元买这本书”，故填paid。(5)题意为“我会付这些票的饯”，故填pay。 take多指花费时间，常用句型It takes sbsome time to do sth(4)题意为“每晚我要花两个小时来完成作业”，故填takes。 2do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼 3There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。 【例14】There_ a funny

16、film tonight in our schoolWould you like to see with me?Id like to, but I have to do my homework Ais Bhave Cis going to have Dis going to be 4the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远 5sure (1)be sure that+从句egI am sure that he is right (2)sbbe sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。egThey are sure to come early=I a

17、m sure that they will come early (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth“确信”，表示主语对有把握。egI am sure of success=I am sure I will succeed (4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth一定(不)做某事 egBe sure to come here early 【例l5】(10年福州中考) Im not sure_ there are living things on other planets or notEven scientists arent sure abou

18、t it Awhether Bwhere Cwhy 6make的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。egThe rainy days make me sad(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作 【例16】His words made us_(feel)uncomfortable 7be good for“对有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对有害”。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持健康 【例17】_(保持健康)is very importan

19、t for US because health is everythingSection D 1play against跟进行比赛egWould you like to play against us?【考点链接】 play withplay againstplay for (1)Our team will_ Class Three next Saturday (2)A group of kids were_ a ball in the street (3)Does Yao Ming_ the Houston Rockets in the NBA?【分析比较】play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐

20、，与玩耍。(2)题意为“孩子们在玩球”，故填playing with。 play against同比赛。(1)题意为“两个队比赛”，故填play against。 play for为效力。(3)题意为“姚明在NBA 为休斯敦火箭队打球吗?”，故填play for。 2leavefor离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地 【例18】(10年龙岩中考)Im leaving for Shanghai to visit the Expo 2010 this weekend_ AWell done BI hope so CHave a good tripe 3一般将来时 (

21、1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday)等。 (2)结构为be going to do sth或will do sth。There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go, come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中g

22、o和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例19】(10年河北中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【例20】(10年重庆中考)If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with you Ago Bhas gone Cwill go Dare going【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldco

23、uldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 【例1】(10年陕西中考)Hi，JackWould you please_ the picture on the wall? Ato put up Bput up Cset up D. to set up 2fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall d

24、own摔倒，跌倒。【考点链接】 sickill (1)The_ child needs help (2)His grandma is still_ in bed【分析比较】sick“生病的，有病的”。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故(1)和(2)两题都可以填sick。 ill与sick同义，ill主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill，只有(2)可填ill。 3mind的用法 (1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sbsthdoing sth。egI dont mind a little more homeworkW

25、ould you mind memy smoking here?=Would you mind if I smoke here? 对would you mind sbsbs doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，youd better notI am sorry but I do如果表达“不会介意”，可用No，not at allNever mindIt doesnt matterNo，of course not (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doin

26、g sth? 对Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用Of course not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry about that (3)作动词，“注意，当心”。egMind the wet paint (4)作名词，“思想”。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事 【例2】(10年宁德中考)My grandparents are s

27、leeping in the bedroomWould you mind my_ TV? Certainly notWe can go out for a walk Aturning on B. turning off Cturning up 【例3】(10年安徽中考)I hope you dont mind my opening the window _.Its much too hot in here ACertainly BOf course not CAll right DNever mind 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 【例4】I think every

28、one is glad_ more friendsYou know，more friends，more roads Amake Bmaking Cto make Dmakes 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事 【例5】(09年上海中考)Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced for years Asing Bto sing C. singing DsangSection B 1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。egLiu Ming is always fighting

29、 with his friends 【例6】Tom，dont be always _for schoolI am very sorryI wont Abe late Blate Cbeing late Dlating 2careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully 【例7】(09年上海中考)Be careful! Theres some broken glass on the groundThe underlined part means_ ALook out BGo ahead CGet ready DKeep quiet 3chanc

30、e机会have a chance to do sth有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 【例8】(08年潍坊中考)I am sure I can make it better，if our teacher_ me a second chance A. give Bgave Cgives Dwill give 4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth? 【例9】What do you mean by the word?(同意句转换) Whats the_ _ w

31、ord? 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。 【例10】You mustnt shout the old peopleIts not polite Ato Bwith Cof Dat【考点链接】 shout atshout to (1)The children_ the driver，but he did not hear them (2)If you dont stop_ me，Ill come and hit you【分析比较】 at和to与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb表

32、示“大声叫某人”，多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为“孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。”故填shouted to。shout at sb则表示“生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。”(2)题意为“你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。”故填shouting at。 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气”，如： He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes. 他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而感到气恼。【链接】(1) be ang

33、ry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，如： He was angry at the student. 他因为这个学生的言行而生气。 (2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如： He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上交通拥挤感到气恼。 【例11】(09年衡阳中考) Are you_ with your sister? Yes，she is always late for school Asatisfied Bangry Cstrict 8do ones best to do sth=try to do s

34、th尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道别 【例12】(10年桂林中考)How is your father? Please say hello to_ for me Ashe Bhim Cit Dher 10befeel sorry forto do为而抱歉(难过) 11keep的用法 (1)keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事egI am sorry to keep you waiting so long (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 egThe other students must ke

35、ep their eyes closed (3)“keep sbsth+宾补+adv”使某人某物处于某种状态 egYoud better keep the children away from the fire (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事egThe little baby kept crying all the timekeep on doing sth反复不断地做某事，着重指动作的反复进行。egDont give up hopeKeep on trying (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) egkeep fithealthy (6)赡养egMy f

36、ather keeps a big family (7)保存，保留egHow long can I keep the book? 【例13】We should always_ our classroom. Amix；up Bkeep；clean Cmake；fit Dkeep；healthy 12turn down调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上 注意代词都要放在中间。 【例14】(10年重庆中考)Please_ the TVMother is working. Aturn off Bturn on Cput off Dput on【考点链接】 turn o

37、nturn offturn upturn down (1)Remember to_ the lights before leaving the room (2)Please_ the light for me，its getting dark (3)I feel a little cold and Id like to_ the heat(暖气)a little (4)Please_ the radio a little，Im trying to sleep【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。(2)题意为“请帮我把灯打开，天黑了。”故填turn on。 tu

38、rn off“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。(1)题意为“离开房间前记得要关灯。”故填turn off。 turn up“开大，调高”。(3)题意为“我感到有点儿冷，我想把暖气开大一点儿。”故填turn up。 turn down“减少，关小”。(4)题意为“请把收音机关小一点儿，我想睡觉。”故填turn down。 需要注意的是turn downturn up可以搭配表示程度的副词，如：a little。而turn onturn off不能搭配程度副词。 13in a minuteright awayat once立刻，马上 14对sorry的回答可以是Thats OK(all

39、 right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at all 【例l5】(10年上海中考)一Im really sorry to have broken your coffee cup_ AGood idea BThats all right CI dont think so DYou are welcomeSection C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做某事 2excitingexcited exciting指使人感到兴奋的事 excited是指人对感到兴奋【例16】(10年福州中考) Lin Tao，why are you so_? Becaus

40、e Wang Meng got three gold medals at the Winter Olympics Aexcited Bangry Cdisappointed 3as welltooalsoeithersoneither (1)tooas well表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。egTom is a student；Jack is a student，tooas well (2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为either。egTom isnt a student；Jack isnt

41、 a student，either (4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。egKate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas well(so did Tom) (5)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。eg。Kate didnt go shopping yesterday；Tom didnt go shopping，either(Neither did Tom) 【例17】(10年兰州中考) I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday_，and_ ASo he did：so did I BSo did he，so I did CSo he was；so was I【考点链接】 alsoeithertooas well(1)I_ spen