高中英语2025届高考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解练习.doc

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1、高考英语语法复习名词性从句讲解练习名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中，作主语的句子称为主语从句。【常见的连接词】（连接词在句中不能省略）that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。【用法】 连接词 that 引导That we should learn English well is very important.主语从句中 w

2、e should learn English well句子完整，不缺成分，用that引导，that 不能省连接词whether，if 引导whether 引导的主语从句可放句首，也可放句中，表 “是否”if 引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语Whether I will go or not depend on the weather.It remains to be seen whether / if they can finish the task in time.2.连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whichever，whoever等引导Wha

3、t matters most is your attitude.3.连接副词when，where，why，how等引导How he made it is still unknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语放在句子后面。常见句型：(1) It is + n.+ that + 句子It is +（a pity / a shame / a fact ）+ that .(2) It is + adj.+ that + 句子It is +（true / clear / important ）+ that .(3) It is + 过去分词 + th

4、at + 句子It is+ said / announced / expected / believed / hoped + that .(4) It seems /appears / happens / turned out that + 句子(5) It hit sb./occurred to sb.that + 句子 二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中，作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。【常见的连接词】that, whether, if, who, whose, which, when, how, what, why等。【用法】that引导的宾语从句当一个动词后有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个th

5、at可省略，第二个和第二个以上的that不可省略。I think (that ) he is intelligent and that he is willing to help others.2.whether / if 引导的宾语从句Nobody knows whether / if she will go abroad.只能用whether，不能用if的情况(1) 介词+ whetherIt depends on whether it will rain tomorrow.(2) whether .or not .I dont know whether I should stay or

6、not.(3) whether to doWhether to go or stay is still a question.3.宾语从句的三种情况：动宾、介宾、形宾。(1) 动词 + 宾从I have found that English is very important .(2)介词 + 宾从It depends on whether itll rain tomorrow .(3) 形容词 + 宾从Im glad that you like English .常见形容词：sure / surprised / happy / pleased / afraid / certain / sor

7、ry等4.it 作形式宾语时，that 不可省略。I think it important that we should learn English well.真正的宾语是we should learn English well，it 是形式上的宾语三、表语从句 【定义】在复合句中，放在be动词或系动词后的句子称为表语从句。【常见的系动词】look / feel / sound / taste / smell / become / turn / get / grow / come / go / fall / seem / appear / look / remain / keep / stay

8、/ stand / prove【常见的连接词】that, whether, because, what, who, which, whom, whose, whoever, whatever, as if / as though, when, where, why, how, however, wherever, whenever等。【用法】(1) The problem is that I dont know where to go.(2) because 引导表语从句，不能和 reason一起出现。His teacher was angry.Its because he was late

9、again.(3) This is where I first met her.(4) as if / as though引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.与事实符合，确实要下雨，用陈述。She talks as if she knew everything.与事实不符合，事实上不知道，用虚拟。四、同位语从句 【定义】在复合句中充当同位语的句子。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。【常见的名词】fact, suggestion, advice, idea, de

10、cision, news, thought, hope, belief, truth, doubt, promise, possibility, truth, warning, message, reason, report, question，explanation, wish, problem等。【常见的连接词】that, whether, what, who, how, when, where等。【用法】The thought that I want to buy my mother a birthday gift makes me excited.that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明

11、thought，从句不缺成分There is some doubt whether he will come.whether 引导同位语从句，if 不能引导同位语从句we havent made the decision where we are going to spend our vacation.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟解释说明的名词后面。The news is surprising that he won the match.五、高考真题 2023年高考真题1.（2023年新高考II卷）This is _ they need an English trainer.【答案】 why考查表

12、语从句句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，所以用why引导表语从句。2022年高考真题1.(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.【答案】whether或if考查宾语从句句意：对于她的

13、出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句， whether/if “是否”符合语境，所以填whether或if。2.(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my _ (son) life, said Mrs.Brown.I dont know how to thank him.”I just didnt want the boy to be hurt, said Henry.【答案】sons考查名词所有格句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，应用名词所有格。所以填sons。3.（2022年

14、北京卷） Its easy to explain how we determine _ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.【答案】whether考查宾语从句句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。结合句意及空格后的or not可知，此处考查whetheror not的搭配。所以填whether。2021年高考真题1.(2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“ The Long and Winding Road”

15、._56_is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.【答案】What考查主语从句句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。所以填What。2.(2021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become _ my pa

16、rents had wanted me to be.A.when B.whereC.what D.whether【答案】C考查宾语从句句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所以填what。3.(2021年北京卷) The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _she lived【答案】where考查宾语从句句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where “在哪里；的地方” 符合句意，从句作地点状语，所以填where。4