高中英语2025届高考语法难点非限制性定语从句知识讲解.doc

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1、高考英语语法难点非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的构成非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，去掉不会影响主句的意思，通常用逗号与主句隔开。先行词可以是主句中的某个名词或名词词组，也可以是主句中的谓语部分，或者是整个主句。如：My grandmother,who is over eighty years old, still does housework on her own.(先行词为My grandmother)The plane was delayed,which made the passages very angry.(先行词为整个主句The plane was

2、 delayed)He sang us a folk song,which he had learned during his stay in the countryside.(先行词为a folk song)Mrs.Zhang is extremely popular amongstudents, as is common knowledge.(先行词为整个主句，从句对主句内容进行评述)2.非限制性定语从句的关系词非限制性定语从句由关系代词which、who、whom、whose或关系副词when、where等引导。1) who、which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。如：Bob l

3、ent me a thousand dollars,which was exactly the amount I need.鲍勃借给我一千美元，正好是我所需要的数目。The children,who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.想踢足球的孩子们因下雨而感到失望。The computer,which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain计算机似乎起着人脑的作用，所以常被称为电脑。2) whom、

4、which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作宾语。(1) 作及物动词的宾语。如：Mr.Lin,whom you met in our office yesterday, is an engineer.你昨天在我们办公室遇见的林先生是一位工程师。This is the coat,which I saw described in the advertisement in yesterdays paper.这就是我在昨天的报纸广告上看到的那件大衣。(2) 作介词宾语，即“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。如：In the reference library are reference

5、books,from which you can get information.资料室有参考书，你可以从这些参考书中获取资料。Professor Smith made a major technologicalbreakthrough, for which he was awarded 50,000 dollars.史密斯教授在技术上取得了重大突破，因此获得了5万美元的奖金。3) whose, which, of which, of whom引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作定语。(1) whose在句中作定语时，可代表人、动物或事物。 如：Chopin,whose works are wor

6、ld-famous, composed some of his music in this room.肖邦的作品举世闻名，他的一些乐曲就是在这个房间里创作的。Air is a mixture,whose components are of great use in the chemical industry.空气是一种混合物，其成分在化学工业中有很大用处。(2) whom、which前面可以加some/many/neither/all of等修饰词，of which/whom构成的介词短语作定语，修饰其前边的代词，表示整体中的部分或所有。如：There are two rooms upstai

7、rs,neither of which has been decorated.楼上有两个房间，都没有装修过。Many people,some of whom are not overweight,are going on a diet.许多人正在节食，其中有些人并不超重。(3) “介词 + which + 名词”结构中，which作定语，修饰其后边的名词，整个介词短语在从句中作状语。如：My brother spent fi ve years at college,during which time he studied medicine.我哥哥上了五年大学，在此期间他学了医学。The wri

8、ter lost the manuscript during thewar, in which case he had to rewrite the book.作者在战争中丢失了原稿，在这种情况下他不得不重写这本书。4) as引导非限制性定语从句时，对主句的内容进行评述，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句尾或句中，通常译为“（正）如一样，像一样”。如：Water,as is known to all, can also exist as a gas or a solid.众所周知，水也可以以气态或固态存在。As might be expected,

9、 John was admitted to the university.正如所料，约翰被大学录取了。5) 关系副词when和where引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作状语。如：She lived in China for a couple of years,where she taught English.她在中国住了几年，在那里教英语。（where在从句中作地点状语）I visit my grandparents at the weekend, whenI do not go to school.我在周末不上学的时候去看望我的祖父母。（when在从句中作时间状语）【即学即练】1.The n

10、ight has turned cold, is usually around here.2.Peter, you met in London, is now back in Paris.3.This note was left by Tom, was here a moment ago4.My father will come to see me next July, he wont be so busy5.The deliveryman got the address wrong, for mistake he apologized.6.The school shop, customers

11、 are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.7.The small town, my father once worked, has turned to be a modern industrial city.8.The Heavenly Lake, is one of the world-famous scenic spots, is in Tianshan Mountain.9. is reported, a foreign team will visit our school.10.China Daily attracts a wor

12、ldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.【参考答案】1.as 2.whom/who3.who 4.when5.which 6.whose7.where 8.which9.As 10.which二、which引导的非限制性定语从句that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，而which可以。which指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。 在“n.pron.prep. w

13、hich”, “prep.which”定语从句里They talked about a movie, the name of which Ive never forgotten.China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.Chaplin went to the states in 1910, by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。The dam, which is the biggest in the

14、 world, is 3, 830 meters long.先行词是独一无二的事物时。The moon, which doesnt give out light itself, is only a satellite of the earth.先行词表示类别属性的事物时。Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.先行词是专有名词时。The Nile, which used to flood every year, now runs more regularly below the dam.先

15、行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。Li Ling is very clever, which Li Long isnt.先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。My family, which has 35 people, is a large one.先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。Last year he went to Egypt, which is in Africa.三、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别 1.as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像，由可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词：

16、see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan.There is a net bar around here, as I remember.As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.2.which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充

17、说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。如：He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.3.在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用as。Jenny might come, in which case Ill ask her.She graduated from

18、a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University.4.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用asHe pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand.He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.注意：as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知as I c

19、an remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as we expect 正如我们预料的那样as you see 这一点你明白as was expected 正如预料的那样as can be seen 看得出来as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样as has been said above 如上所述as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样as is often the case 像常规那样as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。四、非限制性定语从句的主谓一致1.one of+复数名词+关系代

20、词+复数形动词。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。The Great Wall is the (only) one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Great changes have taken

21、place in China, as is known to all.五、“特殊”定语从句的解题技巧1.考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用。做此类题时，把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe, I think, I expect等）去掉进行判断。Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one where you know I used to work for years.2.疑问句中考查定语从句。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断

22、谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。Is this the farm you visited last week?3.倒装句中考查定语从句。倒装使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。We came to a place, where stood a big tower.4.拆分词组和固定搭配。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。The second is connected with the use that the body

23、 makes of food.Why cant you realize the part which they have played in our life?5.是用the one还是用that , which, where。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)Is this school the one where you study?Is this the school which

24、/that you study in? Is this the school where you study?Is this school the one that/which is a senior one?六、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句when, where在非限制定语从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语；why不用于非限制性定语从句中，用for which 代替。In China, the spring festival is a good holiday when family members get together.The southern states wanted to set

25、up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting.七、whose引导非限制性定语从句1.whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“的”，在具体语境需要灵活处理。He is the man whose car was stolen.The bo

26、ys whose names were called stood up.2.不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。It was an island whose name I have forgotten.Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation.3.不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。My dog, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows.4.引导定语从句的“whose+名词”，有时可换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。比较：破了窗户的那座房子是空的。正：The house whose windows are broken is empty.正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty.正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty.5