2022年 - 考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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1、2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations._1 , when do

2、ne too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but t

3、hinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to not

4、ice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in ski 11 level, strength and inches lost.For these_9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less imp

5、ortant for me to H my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 mytraining program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same,

6、 but I m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18

7、 morning weigh-in. 1 ve also experiencedA U. S. Agriculture in DeclineB Import Food or LaborC America Saved by MexicoD Manpower vs. AutomationText 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It s easy to beat plastic. They* re part of a bunch of celebrities starring

8、in a new video for World Environment Day - encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples 1 ike straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation t

9、o curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accompl

10、ish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit“ without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions - a kind of umoral licensing that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.Whi

11、le the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we, re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push fo

12、r real systemic change.It s important to acknowledge that the environment isn t everyoneJ s priority - or even most people s. We shouldn, t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to

13、collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will ueliminate all

14、single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It s just that individual actions are

15、 too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It s just about putting things into perspective. We don, t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein

16、in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to .A demand new 1aws on the use of plasticsB urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The au

17、thor is concerned that umoral licensing may .A mislead us into doing worthless thingsB prevent us from making further effortsC weaken our sense of accomplishmentD suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity “citizens , the author indicates that .A our focus should be shifted to c

18、ommunity welfareB our relationship with local industries is improvingC we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD we should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be .A a win-win arrangementB a self-driven mechanismC a cost

19、-effective approachD a top-down process40. The author concludes that individual efforts .A can be too aggressiveB can be too inconsistentC are far from sufficientD are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondi

20、ng information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Tn choosing a new home, Cami He McClainJ s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain, s little ones aren, t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to ho

21、using, and in many cases youngsters* views weigh heavily on parents real estate decisions, according to a 2022 Harris Poll survey of more than 2, 000 U. S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psycholo

22、gists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychol

23、ogist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, he said.Greg Jaroszewski, real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he s not convinced that kids should be involved in

24、 selecting a home - but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like theyT re choosing their home - without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York

25、.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they* re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren, t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Sa

26、nta Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.aSpeaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn, t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions. w Hampson said.The other issue is that many child

27、ren - especially older ones - may base their real state knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,“ he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It s not shelter, it s a lif

28、estyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst wi

29、th FitSmallBusiness .“Their opinions can change tomorrow, z， Gurner said. Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child, s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best -and give them an opportunity to

30、customize it a bit and make it their own. ,fThis advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.A remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.41. Ryan HooperB says that it is wise t

31、o leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.42. Adam BaileyC advises that home purchases should not be based only on children s opinions.43. Tracey HampsonD thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.44. Aaron NorrisE notes that aspects like children

32、 s friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.45. Julie GurnerF believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children s needs rather than their opinions.G assumes that many children s views on real estate are influenced by the media.Section III Translation46. Directi

33、ons:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could w

34、rite a book. I just haven? t the time. Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game . While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave

35、 to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success

36、 in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words o

37、n the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming“ instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15

38、 points)2022年考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English.D 6 . B 7 . A 8 . D1 1. A1 1. A2. D 13.B 1 4. A5. C 1 6. D 1 7. C 1 8. ASectionIIReading ComprehensionPart APart AText 1Text 12125CBDBDText 22630D D B ACText 33 r35CDBABText 43640BBDDCPart B41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. F-2-greater success in achieving my

39、 specific fitness goals, 19 Iy m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overal1 energy level.1.ABesidesBThereforeCOtherwiseD However2. AhelpsBcaresCwarnsD reduces3.AinitiallyBso

40、lelyCoccasionallyD formally4. ArecordingBloweringCexplainingD accepting5.AmodifyBsetCreviewD reach6.AdefinitionBdepictionCdistributionD prediction7.Adue toBregardless ofCaside fromD along with8.AorderlyBrigidCpreciseD immediate9.AclaimsBjudgmentsCreasonsD methods10.AinsteadBthoughCagainD indeed11.At

41、rackBoverlookCconcealD report12.Adepend onBapprove ofChold ontoD account for13.AshareBadjustCconfirmD prepare14.AresultsBfeaturesCrulesD tests15.AboredBanxiousChungryD sick16.AprincipleBsecretCbeliefD sign17.ArequestBnecessityCdecisionD wish18. AdisappointingBsurprisingCrestrictingD consuming19.AifM

42、unlessCuntilD because20.AobsessingBdominatingCpuzzlingD triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions su

43、ch as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child, s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren, t born knowing how to say T m sorry” ; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This

44、is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - it s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdate

45、d. There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what gui 11 is and what role gui 11 can serve, v says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren, t binary - feelings that may be advantage

46、ous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relation

47、ships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this 1 ight, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guil