20+学史明理增信崇德知古鉴今-备考2023年中考英语热点材料题型专练[38301450].docx

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1、20 在学史中汲取智慧走向未来备考2023年中考英语热点材料真题题型专练一、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and _1_ broke out again. One of them was a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of E

2、mperor Yao, and the people were forced to _2_ their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great _3_ to the peoples life. Emperor Yao felt _4_ for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the _5_, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to k

3、eep back the water but failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Guns son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.Yu accepted the work and found that it was _6_ than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he devoted (投入) himself to his work. He pass

4、ed his house three times but did not _7_ it. Drawing a lesson from his fathers failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood _8_. He did so much for the people that people called him “ Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun _9_ him as the next emperor.Yu won the

5、trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such a wise, strong-minded and great person that he is _10_ learning from. We will remember him forever.1AdiseasesBtroublesCwarsDskies2Abuild upBgive upCclean upDlook up3AhopeBmessageCconvenienceDdamage4AdoubtfulBshyCsorryDpeaceful5Ao

6、rderBhelpCletterDgift6AeasierBmore interestingCmore difficultDstranger7AenterBrememberClookDfind8AsuccessfullyBsuddenlyChardlyDsecretly9AusedBworkedCdescribedDchose10AuselessBbusyCafraidDworth【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了大禹治水的故事。【答案解析】1句意：许多年过去了，麻烦又爆发了。diseases疾病；troubles麻烦；wars战争；skies天空。根据下文“One of them

7、was a big flood.”可知，洪水爆发，进而猜测麻烦又爆发了。故选B。2句意：在尧帝统治期间，在黄河流域，人们被迫离开他们的村庄，住在树上或山上。build up建造；give up放弃；clean up打扫干净；look up抬头看。根据句子的后半部分“go to live in trees or mountains”可知，人们去住在树林中或大山里，进一步推知人们不得不离开家园即放弃他们的家园。故选B。3句意：洪水给人们的生活带来了很大的破坏。hope希望；message短信；convenience方便；damage毁坏。根据上文“the people were forced to

8、 .their villages and go to live in trees or mountains”可知，洪水给人们的生活带来巨大的破坏。故选D。4句意：尧帝对人们的痛苦感到很伤心。doubtful怀疑的；shy害羞的；sorry抱歉的；peaceful和平的。根据“Emperor Yao felt . for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem.”可推知, sorry符合语境。故选C。5句意：接到命令，鲧带领他的团队修堤坝以阻挡洪水，但失败了。order命令；help帮助；letter信件

9、；gift礼物。根据上文“he asked Gun to solve the problem”可知，他让Gun去解决这个问题， 所以下文应是Gun收到命令。故选A。6句意：禹接受了这份工作，他发现这比他想的难得多。easier更容易的；more interesting更有趣的；more difficult更困难的；stranger更奇怪的。根据下文“But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he devoted (投入) himself to his work. He passed his house

10、three times but did not . it.”可知，13年以来, 他全身心的投入到这个工作中，甚至三过家门而不入，所以推知，治水要比他想的更困难。故选C。7句意：他三次经过家门却没有进入。enter进入；remember记住；look看；find发现。根据“He passed his house three times but did not . it.”中的but可知，他三次经过他的家却没有进去。故选A。8句意：他吸取父亲失败的教训，他用挖道和疏浚的方法成功地控制了洪水。successfully成功地；suddenly突然地；hardly几乎不；secretly秘密地。根据“D

11、rawing a lesson from his fathers failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood . .”及后文“ He did so much for the people that people called him “ Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun . him as the next emperor.”可知，他吸取了他爸爸的失败教训，采用了疏通的办法，他为人们做了这么多，人们称他为“大禹”而且舜帝选他为下一个

12、大帝，进一步推知他成功地控制住了洪水。故选A。9句意：他为人民做了这么多以至于人们称他为“大禹”，并且舜帝选他当下一个皇帝。used使用；worked工作；described描述；chose选择。根据“Emperor Shun him as the next emperor”可知，选他为下一任皇帝，chose符合语境。故选D。10句意：他是这么一个聪明、坚强和伟大的人，因此他值得我们学习。useless无用的；busy忙碌的；afraid害怕的；worth值得的。根据“He was such a wise strong-minded and great person that he is .

13、learning from.”可知，他是一个那么聪明的、意志坚强的、 伟大的人，结合选项可知 be worth doing固定短语，“值得做某事”符合语境。故选D。二、阅读单选A篇The Grand Canal is the mother river of Yangzhou. Simultaneous (同时) with her, Yangzhou city was built, developed, achieved prosperity (繁荣), and even went into less importance with her downfall. Pi Rixiu, a poet

14、of the Tang Dynasty, once made the following comment on Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty who had the Grand Canal built: “Everyone complains that the Sui Dynasty ended because of the canal; however, it is still an important way for people to travel. If he hadnt had so many palaces and dragon boats bui

15、lt, his merits could have been compared with Dayu.” The poet not only criticized the emperors dissolute behavior, but also fully recognized his achievements. Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities of transporting coal from the North to the South, transporting grain from the S

16、outh to the North, and delivering water from the South to the North.The ancient Guazhou Ferry is located where the ancient canal and the Yangtze River meet. The following is a famous ancient poem eulogizing the Guazhou Ferry. Moonlight on the Spring River by Zhang Ruoxu, a Yangzhou citizen in the Ta

17、ng Dynasty, described the beautiful scenery of Guazhou of the dim moonlight with gently flowing river. In spring the river rises as high as the sea, And with the rivers tide uprises the moon bright, She follows the rolling waves for ten thousand li, Whereer the river flows, there overflows her light

18、. (Zhang Ruoxu)According to the governments planning, every effort will be made to maintain the original style of the ancient neighborhoods and streets in the old town of Guazhou.11We can know from the passage that _.AYangzhou city achieved prosperity all the timeBPi Rixiu was a poet of the Qing Dyn

19、astyCthe Grand Canal still plays an important role nowadaysDSui Dynasty ended because of the Grand Canal12What does the underlined word “eulogizing” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?AProducing.BPraising.CPresenting.DPainting.13In Zhang Ruoxus poem, the word “sea” rhymes with “_”.AbrightBliClightDriver

20、14This passage would most likely be found in a book of _.AcultureBnatureCnovelDfood【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的春江花月夜。【答案解析】11细节理解题。根据文中“Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities of transporting coal from the North to the South”可知，大运河现在还承担着重要的航运功能，因此C选项“大运河今天仍然

21、发挥着重要作用”表述正确。故选C。12词句猜测题。根据下文“Moonlight on the Spring Riverdescribed the beautiful scenery of Guazhou of the dim moonlight with gently flowing river”可知，春江花月夜这首诗描写了一幅江边美丽的夜景，因此推测Praising“赞美”与画线词意思相近。故选B。13细节理解题。根据文中春江花月夜这首诗的英文中的“In spring the river rises as high as the sea”和“She follows the rolling w

22、aves for ten thousand li”可知，“sea”和“li”押韵。故选B。14推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的春江花月夜，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在与文化有关的书上。故选A。B篇During these days, the film named The Battle at Lake Changjin is very popular among Chinese people. It was the Second Phase Offensive of the Korean War. But do you know t

23、he Battle of Kumsong(金城战役) the last fight of the war? 71 years ago, Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army went to help in the war against the US in North Korea. The film The Sacrifice(金刚川) is set on July 12, 1953, the second day after the start of the Battle of Kumsong.Unlike other war films, this film is

24、about ordinary soldiers. They lost their lives in order to rebuild a bridge during the fight. Chinese soldiers didnt have enough weapons and the air was controlled by American fighters.Zhang Yi played the role of Zhang Fei, an anti-aircraft gunner(高射炮炮手). He lost one leg and one arm, but he climbed

25、back to the anti-craft gun and shot the US fighter plane, using his last breathe. Just at that moment, you may find you hold your hands tightly, and that you understand the line in our national song that says “using our flesh(肉体) and blood to build the Great Wall”.15Which country did Chinese Peoples

26、 Volunteer Army go to help in the war?AJapan.BSouth Korea.CNorth Korea.DAmerica.16What does “set” mean in the passage?A出发B制作C上映D以为背景17Whats the difference between The Sacrifice and other war films?AIts about a war in a foreign country.BIts about ordinary soldiers.CIts about the Chinese soldiers.DIts

27、 about American fighters.18What kind of hero the soldier Zhang Fei was?AStrong.BUnlucky.CBrave.DSmart.19What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?AThe war was the last fight of the battle of Kumsong.BChinese soldiers didnt have enough weapons.CAmerican fighters were stronger

28、in the air.DOur soldiers used their lives to protect our country.【短文大意】本文介绍了电影金刚川的一些情况，从而告诉我们：我们的士兵用他们的生命来保卫我们的国家。【答案解析】15细节理解题。根据“Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army went to help in the war against the US in North Korea.”可知，中国人民志愿军前往朝鲜帮助对抗美国。故选C。16词义猜测题。根据“ The film the Sacrifice(金刚川) is set on July 12,

29、 1953, the second day after the start of the Battle of Kumsong.”可知，电影金刚川故事发生在1953年7月12日金城战役打响的第二天，是以这为背景的，单词“set”指的是“以为背景”，故选D。17细节理解题。根据“Unlike other war films, this film is about ordinary soldiers.”可知，与其他战争片不同，这部电影讲述的是普通士兵的故事。故选B。18推理判断题。根据“Zhang Yi played the role of Zhang Fei, an anti-aircraft g

30、unner(高射炮炮手). He lost one leg and one arm, but he climbed back to the anti-craft gun and shot the US fighter plane, using his last breathe.”可知，张飞是一个勇敢的战士，故选C。19段落大意题。根据“.Just at that moment, you may find you hold your hands tightly, and that you understand the line in our national song that says “us

31、ing our flesh(肉体) and blood to build the Great Wall”.”可知，本段主要是说我们的士兵用他们的生命保卫了我们的国家。故选D。C篇The use of paper money began in the Tang dynasty, about 1200 years ago. At that time, it was called “flying cash” because the wind could take it easily. The use of paper became popular in Song dynasty. Every pie

32、ce of paper had pictures of houses, trees, and people on it. Every bill was in red and black. Like the money we use today, it also had some special marks on it. By having these marks, it would be helpful to tell whether the money was a fake. Then it wouldnt be so easy to counterfeit it.The paper mon

33、ey was very beautiful. The reason it became popular so quickly was that it was convenient to take and use. People didnt have to take heavy coins to shops. People could use it to buy the things that they need.The use of old paper money ended in 1897. In the same year, China started to use modern pape

34、r money. But Europe started using it in the 1600s.20What didnt people draw on the paper money?ATrees.BBuilding.CPeople.DBirds.21What was not the reason that paper money became popular?AIt was easy to use.BIt was beautiful to see.CIt was convenient to buy things.DIt was light to take.22Which one is T

35、RUE according to the passage?AChinese People used modern paper money earlier than European People.BModern paper money has been used for over 100 years.CPeople stopped using paper money in 1897.DThere were more than two colors on the old paper money.23What is the best title for the passage?AThe Secre

36、t of PaperBFlying CashCThe History of Paper MoneyDThe Importance of Money【短文大意】本文主要介绍了纸币的历史。【答案解析】20细节理解题。根据“Every piece of paper had pictures of houses, trees, and people on it.”可知纸币上有房子、树木和人物图，而没有鸟。故选D。21细节理解题。根据“The reason it became popular so quickly was that it was convenient to take and use. P

37、eople didnt have to take heavy coins to shops.”可知纸币受欢迎是因为携带方便、买东西方便且很轻，它看起来漂亮不是受欢迎的原因。故选B。22细节理解题。根据“The use of old paper money ended in 1897. In the same year, China started to use modern paper money.”可知中国与1897年开始使用现代纸币，已经用了超过一百年了。故选B。23标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了纸币的历史，用“The History of Paper Money”做标题最合适。

38、故选C。D篇His friends and family call him “Big Feng” because he is very tall and played basketball as a young man. But he is also big in a different wayhe fights hard to protect Chinas past. His real name is Feng Jicai and he has written many novels about life in China.Several years ago, however, he put

39、 down his pen for a while and began to protect the cultural relics（文化遗产）in Tianjin where he lived. Once someone asked him why he no longer wrote. He replied that at the moment he felt protecting cultural relics was more important. Feng loves his hometown. He believes that old things must be given a

40、place next to new things, or people will soon forget their great past. He does not make speeches to get others to help him in his projects. Instead, he goes out and does what he can himself. If others follow him, so much the better. One of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in Tia

41、njin. Along that street some shops had been in business for seven hundred years. Although the city government rebuilt this street, they did save its oldest building. Another project was more successful: he suggested the city government reserve（保留）some land in the centre of the city so it could not b

42、e sold for business. This area is very important for the history of Tianjin. It was here that the city was first built during the Song Dynasty Later many treasures were found here. To Feng, digging down into the earth is like reading a book page after page. Each dynasty found in the earth is like an

43、 interesting story. Not long ago, he and other writers and artists took photos of the old parts of Tianjin. The photos were put into a book which was very popular. The money from the book helps his projects. Once, an old man asked Feng to sign a book for him, saying he would give it to his grandson

44、who was not yet born. Feng was glad to do it he knows that the past is not only for us to enjoy but also for the children of the future.24What did Big Feng do to protect old things in Tianjin?AHe had written many novels about them.BHe made speeches to ask others to help him.CHe worked hard and did w

45、hat he can himselfDHe rebuilt the oldest street in his hometown.25What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?ADigging down into the earth is as comfortable as reading a book.BLearning more about cultural relics helps us know more about the history.CBy digging down into the

46、earth, we can dig out some interesting books.DBig Feng is interested in digging down into the earth and reading books.26Which of the following will Big Feng agree to?AOld things should give way to the new things.BThe government should reserve more land in the city centre.CProtecting cultural relics

47、was as important as writing.DChildren of the future should get to know the past.27What is the best title for the text?ABig Feng and His NovelsBA Great Chinese NovelistCCultural Relics in TianjinDBig Feng and His Rescue【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作家冯骥才如何参与保护天津的文化遗产的事迹。【答案解析】24细节理解题。根据“Instead, he goes out and does what he can himself.”可知，他走出去，做他力所能及的事情去保护天津的古物。故选C。25词句猜测题。根据“Each dynasty found in the earth is like an interesting story.”可知，地底下发现的每一个朝代，就像一个有趣的故事。说明往地下挖，就像在一页一页地翻看着一本书，说明了解文化遗产可以帮助我们更了解历史。故选B。26推理判断题。根据“Feng was glad to do it he kno