英语7下-期末考前知识梳理+2021-2022学年牛津译林版英语七年级下册.docx

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1、七年级下册期末考前知识梳理一、语法部分：1. 掌握基数词和序数词的用法。考点一：基数词和序数词的选用表示“第几”含义的时候，用序数词；例题：1. David lives on the_floor and he lives three floors_Nick. A.nine;belowB.ninth;belowC.nine;underD.ninth;under考点二：考察序数词的拼写(1)易错数词汇总：十四：fourteen，四十：forty；第九：ninth；第五：fifth，第十二：twelfth；(2)表示“第几十几”，只需将个位数改成序数词即可。如：第二十一 twenty-first(3

2、)“几十”是以y 结尾，序数词先将y变为ie，再加th例题：1.The London Olympic Games,the （第三十）summer games in history,will open on July 27th,2012.2.He is always late for school. Today he is the_（四十一）to come to our class.考点三：hundred hundreds of 表示具体几百，用“数词+hundred”，如：500个苹果 five hundred apples 表示概数，“成百上千或数以百计的”，用“hundreds of”，如

3、：数以百计的苹果 hundreds of apples【记忆口诀】有数字，没S；有S，没数字。另外，有时会出现“数词+hundred+of”的情况，这个时候要注意，后面所跟的名词前面必须有类如“the,sbs”这样的限定词。2. 掌握一般将来时的用法。考点：there be句型和be going to 结合表示将来会有 there is/are going to be切记：there be和have都表示“有”的意思，二者不可同时使用！1.There a sports meeting in our school next week.A.will have B.is going to have

4、C.are going to be D.is going to be2.-Why are you so happy, Jim? -Because there_a basketball match between my favourite teams today.A.is going to haveB.are going to beC.is going to beD.are going to have3. 掌握名词所有格的用法。考点一：s所有格名词情况 构成方法 举例有生命的单数名词单数名词后加“-s” Mikes father迈克的父亲有生命的复数名词以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“”The

5、teachers office教师办公室不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“-s” Childrens books儿童读物几个人共同拥有只在最后一个名词后加“-s”Mary and Kates room玛丽和凯特的房间（共有） 每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加“-s”Janes and Toms textbooks 简和汤姆的课本（不共有）【注】1) 不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。如：This is _(somebody else ) pencil .2) -s可以表示某人的家或者工作场所。如：my aunts 我阿姨家the doc

6、tors诊所Motherhasgonetothebutchers(shop). 母亲到肉铺去了。IwentovertoJohns,buthewasathissisters. 我到去了约翰家，但他去了他姐姐家。3) -s还可以用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词之后。如：todays newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes break 十分钟的课间休息 Chinas population中国的人口4) -s还可以用于构成不同节日。如：Childrens Day 儿童节 New Years Day新年 Mothers Day 母亲节 Womens Day 妇女节考点二： of 所有

7、格一般无生命的事物的名词所有格，用 “ of +名词”来表示如：the map of China the door of the room考点三：双重所有格双重所有格指：of + 名词所有格/名词性的物主代词如：a photo of Marys 玛丽的一张照片 a photo of mine 我的一张照片4. 掌握物主代词的用法。考察名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词选用：【解题技巧】mine=my+名词；yours=your +名词；即如果题目后没有跟名词，就用名词性物主代词；跟了名词就用形容词性物主代词。【牢记】人称单数复数一二三四五六形容词性物主代词myyourher, his, itso

8、uryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshers, his, itsoursyourstheirs人称代词宾格meyouher,him,itusyouthem5. 掌握冠词a, an和the的用法。考点一：不定冠词a与an的简易区分1)一般以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）开头的单词前面用an,如：an apple, an orange, an egg,an elephant,an ear,an eye,an umbrella,an hour，an old man, an ugly woman，an English book2)以元音字母开头前面加a的单词，如：useful

9、, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way,UFO等3)以辅音字母开头，前面加an的单词，如：hour, honest, honor等考点二：定冠词和不定冠词的选用什么时候用不定冠词a/an?泛指某人或某物，或者第一次提到某人或某物；如：A young man is waiting for you.一个男人在等你。He is a boy.他是一个男孩。什么时候用定冠词？(1) 用于特指或上文中已提到过的人或事物，也就是可翻译成“这个、那个”的时候，用the;如：Do you know the girl over there?

10、(2) 表示独一无二的事物，用the;如：the earth;the moon;the capital of China;the president of America(3) 用于乐器前面；如： play the piano6. 掌握一些表示方位的介词的用法。考点：以east为例，考察in the east,to the east的区别in the east of在某地里面的东边 Jiangsu is in the east of China. to the east of在某地东边（外边）Japan is to the east of China.【特别注意】east of=to the

11、east of 同义句转换Japan is to the east of China.=Japan is China.7. 掌握一般过去时的用法。考点一：一般过去时的含义：表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所存在的状态考点二：一般过去时的标志一般过去时常用时间状语yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening昨天上午/下午/晚上in 1999 在1999年last night/ month/ spring/ year昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上three days ago三天以前just

12、 now刚才four years ago四年以前the other day等几天前考点三：实义动词过去式构成规则动词的过去式一般情况在动词末尾-edwalkwalked cookcooked以字母e结尾直接-dtastetasted likeliked以元音字母加一辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写末尾的辅音字母-edstopstopped planplannedreferreferred“辅音字母+y”结尾的变y为i，再加-ed，studystudied worryworried不规则变化动词的过去式1. 把动词原形中的i改为abeginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ri

13、ngrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam 2. 把重读开音节中的i改为odrivedrove，riderode，writewrote3. 改动词原形中的aw ow为ewdrawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）4. 动词原形中的e改为ogetgot，forgetforgot5. 动词原形中的ee改为efeedfed，meetmet6. 动词原形中的eep改为eptkeepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept7. 动词原形中的eak改为okebreakbroke，speakspoke8

14、. 动词原形中的ell改为oldsellsold，telltold9. 动词原形中的an改为oostandstood，understandunderstood10. 以ought和aught结尾的bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11. 以ould结尾的cancould，shallshould，willwould12. 动词原形中的o改为acomecame，becomebecame13. 动词原形后加d或t变hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant 14. 动词的过去式与动词原形一样letle

15、t，mustmust，putput，readread15. 不符合上述规律的动词过去式am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have /has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook考点四：be动词和实义动词句型转换be动词的句式变换肯定句主语+was/were+其他.He/She _in Chengdu last year. wasI _in Chengdu last year

16、. were否定句主语+was/were + not +其他.He/She _in Chengdu last year. wasntI _in Chengdu last year. werent一般疑问句-Was/were+主语+其他?-Yes, 主语+was/were.-No, 主语+wasnt/werent.-_ he/she in Chengdu last year? Was- Yes, he/she_. was- No, he/she_. wasnt-_ you in Chengdu last year? Were- Yes, I _/ we_. was/ were- No, I _/

17、 we_. wasnt/ werent特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+其他?Where _he/ she last year? was实义动词的句式变换肯定句主语+动词的过去式+其他.We_(play) computer games yesterday. played否定句主语+didnt+动词原形+其他.We _(play)computer games yesterday. didnt play一般疑问句-Did+主语+动词原形+其他?-Yes, 主语+did.-No, 主语+didnt.- _you_(play) computer games yesterday? - Ye

18、s, we_.- No, we_.Did/ play; did; didnt特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+ did+主语+动词原形+其他?When_ you_(play) computer games yesterday?did; play考点五：误用的情况1. 误用was/were误It were sunny yesterday正It was sunny yesterday2. 乱用was/were误Mr. Wang was went to Shanghai last Monday.正Mr. Wang went to Shanghai last Monday.误Was Lucy watch TV l

19、ast night?正 Did Lucy watch TV last night?3. 动词过去式拼写错误误 The car stoped in front of the post office.正 The car stopped in front of the post office.4. 动词原形与动词过去式记混误 Mrs. Zhang taughts us English last term.正 Mrs. Zhang teaches us English last term.5. 实义动词不还原(特别是构成疑问句和否定句时)误-Did Lucy watched TV last night

20、?-Yes, she did.正-Did Lucy watch TV last night? -Yes, she did.误The children werent had a good time in the park just now.误The children didnt had a good time in the park just now.正 The children didnt have a good time in the park just now.6. 前后句时态不一致误He put on his coat and goes out ten minutes ago.正He p

21、ut on his coat and went out ten minutes ago.误When his father got home, he goes to bed.正 When his father got home, he went to bed.8. 掌握情态动词can/could/may/must/have to/need的用法。考点一：表示“请求或允许”的意思时，could表示较委婉的语气，并不表示过去时态，所以回答时只能有can，不能用could。1.一_I try on those shoes in the window?一_，They are just an show.

22、A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cant D. Can; Yes, you could2一Could I_your CD player, please? 一Sorry_is broken Aborrow；Mine B1end；My Cborrow；My D1end；Mine考点二：must表示“必须”； 必须做某事 must do sthhave to 表示“必须，不得不”； 不得不做某事 have to do sthneed表示“需要”，语气没有上述两个强硬； 需要做某事 need t

23、o do sth【特别强调】表示“不必”，只可以用dont/doesnt have to do或者neednt do,不可以用mustnt，因为mustnt表示禁止做某事，意思完全不符！1.Mum, I do my homework now? No,you You can do it later.Amust；mustnt Bmust；dont have Chave；neednt Dmust；neednt2.Mrs. Green_go far if she goes shopping. The supermarket is beside her neighbourhood.A.has toB.d

24、oesnt have toC.neednt have toD.dont have to 9. 掌握what/how引导的感叹句。考点一：what和how的选择【解题技巧】形容词和名词之间没有the，用what；有the，用how。如果选what，还需要根据后面的名词是单数、复数还是不可数名词，来判断前面是否加a/an;常见的不可数名词：news,information,weather,fun,music,work,sunshine等。如：1) funny the stories are!2) a heavy rain!I cant go home now.3） sweet the drink

25、tastes!4) lovely the baby looks!例题：1一_important tool the computer is! 一I think soAWhat a BHow CWhat an DHow an2. _we have today! A. How fine a weather B. How fine weather C. What a fine weather D. What fine weather考点二：感叹句和感官动词结合考察感官动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel表示看起来，闻起来，尝起来，听起来，摸起来时，后面接形容词。所以，如果用感叹句

26、来表示时， How后面也必须接形容词。比如“她看起来多么漂亮啊！”：How beautiful she looks!她看起来多漂亮啊！How nice the flower smells!花闻起来多香啊！【注意】look表示“看起来”时后面接形容词，但是，当look表示“看的动作”时，要用副词来形容。如：The boy looks sad.这个男孩看起来伤心。The boy looked at me sadly.这个男孩伤心地看着我。例题：1The girl looks at the Mickey Mouse HouseHow she looks! Ahappy；happy Bhappily；

27、happily Chappy；happily Dhappily；happy10. 掌握形容词的用法。考点一：ed形容词和ing形容词考点分析：ed结尾的形容词用来形容人的感觉，ing结尾的形容词用来形容事物令人例题：1When he heard the news，he was very 来源:学_科_网 Asurprising；surprised Bsurprised；surprising Csurprised；surprised Dsurprising；surprising2. After he heard the news that our Chinese football team ha

28、d won the match, he was very . A. amazed;exciting B. amazed;excited C. amazing;exciting D. amazing;excited考点二：复合形容词考点分析：复合形容词的形式：数词-名词单数-形容词，如：65-year-old，【切记】名词用单数形式。什么时候用复合形容词？作定语，即放在名词前修饰名词时用复合形容词。如an eight-year-old girl.【注意】当作表语，即放在句子末尾后面不跟名词时，不能用复合形容词。如：She is eight years old.()She is eight-yea

29、r-old.()She is an eight-year-old girl. ()1.There is a tree in front of my uncles house Aten-metres-tall Bten- metre-tall Ctens-metre-tall Dtens-metres-tall2. My sister is an _girl and she has two_. A. 18 years old; hundreds stamps B. 11-year-old; hundred stamps C. 11 years old; hundred of stamps D.

30、18-year-old; hundreds of stamps考点三：感官动词+形容词考点分析：感官动词look,taste,smell,sound,feel表示看起来，尝起来，闻起来，听起来，摸（感觉）起来时，后接形容词。如：look beautiful看起来漂亮 smell nice闻起来香 【注意】look表示“看起来”时后面接形容词，但是，当look表示“看的动作”时，要用副词来形容。如：The boy looks sad.这个男孩看起来伤心。The boy looked at me sadly.这个男孩伤心地看着我。例题：1 .This kind of drink tastes_bu

31、t theres in this bottle. Id like some more.A. good; few B, well; a little C. good; little D. well; little2The girl looks at the Mickey Mouse HouseHow she looks! Ahappy；happy Bhappily；happily Chappy；happily Dhappily；happy考点四：不定代词+形容词：Is there anything special?考点五：形容词+enough：He is brave enough to spea

32、k in front of us.11. 掌握不定代词的用法。考点一：some-和any-的选用1.通常情况下，肯定句中用some-，否定句和疑问句中用any-。如：There is someone in the classroom.There isnt anyone in the classroom.Is there anyone in the classroom?例题：( )1. -Mum, Im hungry. Is there _ to eat? -Yes, you can have some bread on the table. A something B. nothing C.

33、anything D. everything考点二：当疑问句表示一种较肯定的意味或提出申请等，用something。如：Would you like something to eat?你想吃点东西吗？例题：1Make sure youve got the tickets and guidebooks and_before you leave Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing2.When you entered the room, did you notice_ there? No, I didnt. I saw_ in it.A. anyone

34、; somebody B .anybody; nobodyC. somebody; no one D. somebody;anybody3Would you please bring me to eat? Sorry, there is in the fridge Asomething；something Banything；nothing Csomething；nothing Danything；nothing二、 常考词汇和句型1.cross,across,pass,past的区别;across和through的区别考点一：Cross,across,pass,past区别cross作动词，

35、意为“横穿，穿过”，across是介词，cross=go/walk acrosscross the street= the street过马路 cross the river= the river过河pass作动词，意为“经过的旁边”，意思相当于go past/walk pastAs she passed the library door，the telephone began to ring.换一种方式As she the library door，the telephone began to ring.例：1.Walk the building and go the bridge.You

36、will find the bank right beside the market.A.past;cross B.pass;across C.pass;cross D.past;cross2.-Excuse me,sir. Could you tell me which is the way to the English corner? -Please go_the bridge and turn left. Then walk_the railway station. Youll see it on your right.A.cross;passB.across;passC.cross;p

37、astD.across;past考点二：aross和through的区别1)across横穿，横渡，与街道或河流形成十字，通常是在物体的表面穿过；如： go across the street 穿过大街 I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.2)through则表示贯通，直穿，从一头贯穿到另一头，通常表示在立体空间中穿过；如： The river runs through our city.go through the forest 穿过森林go through the tunnel通常过河、过街用across，而过隧道或形容河流的流动

38、、铁路的途径路线等时用through；巧记：“十”字形联想across，“一”字形或蛇形联想through2. take,spend,cost,pay的区别考点分析：类别主语花费对象常用句型takeIt或物时间It takes sb + 时间+ to do sthpay人钱人+ pay（+ sb+ 钱）for sthspend人时间，钱人+spend+时间，钱+ on sth时间，钱人+spend+时间，钱+ (in) doing sthcost物钱物+cost（+sb）+钱例题：1My school is not very farIt about 15 minutes by bus Aspe

39、nds Btakes Ccosts Dpays2.-How much did the boy the shopkeeper the CDs? A.spend;on B.spend; for C.pay for;/ D.pay; for3.-How much does it _to buy an iPhone? -About 5000 yuan.A.cost B.pay C.spend D.take 3. See sb do ，see sb doing考点分析：see sb do sth 看到某人做某事(表示经常性的动作或动作已完结) ，常常跟often，everyday等连用； see sb

40、doing sth 看到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行) ，常常跟某个特定时间点连用，如：when，at that time等等； 类似用法的动词： watch,hear, feel,notice等例题：1I often see little David TVJust now when I walked past his room，I saw him TV again Awatch；watch Bwatch；watching Cwatching；watching Dwatching；watch2I saw the man the door and leave the room Aclose

41、Bclosing Cclosed Dto close4. enough用法考点分析：【考试技巧】注意enough和所修饰的单词的前后位置关系；enough+名词；形容词/副词+enough例题：He spends on English and he s it Aenough time；enough good at Btime enough；good enough for Ctime enough；enough good for Denough time；good enough at5.Stop doing，stop to do考点分析：stop doing 停止做某事（表示当前的事）；stop to do 停下来做另一件事如：The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.He stopped to have a rest when he finished his job.例题：The teacher asks us to stop ，and we stop to her quickly Atalking；to listen Bto talk；to listen Ctalking；listen Dtal