22+中国艺术文化的圣地——敦煌莫高窟-备考2023年中考英语热点材料题型专练[38408940].docx

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1、21 中国艺术文化的圣地敦煌莫高窟备考2023年中考英语热点材料真题题型专练背景资料：中国艺术文化的圣地敦煌莫高窟2023-01-07 19:32敦煌发布小时候读王之涣的凉州词羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。感觉玉门关那里既偏僻又荒凉，没想到敦煌这块土地上却孕育出中国文化的独特艺术。敦煌在甘肃与新疆交界之处，是河西走廊最西的一个重要关口。这个特殊的地理位置，注定会有不同凡响的经历。从苻秦建元二年（366年那时正是五胡十六国）到如今敦煌这个地方在中国历史上已经存在了三四千年。漫长的岁月中，它不断地发挥着自己的作用。敦煌是“丝绸之路”上的交通要道，也是连接中西方艺术文化的纽带，自从佛教传入中国，佛

2、教文化与中国艺术就进行不断地融合。在敦煌最著名的艺术区非千佛洞莫属，里面有四百多个石窟，每个洞窟里的壁画按画面紧密地平铺陈列，连起来其长度可达三十二千米。唐朝是我国政治、经济、文学、艺术集大成的一个时期，在这一时期中西文化得到了广泛地交流与传播。而敦煌作为“丝绸之路”上的重要枢纽，它也成了艺术与文化的碰撞之地。千佛洞时间跨度从北魏到元朝，其中以唐代作品最丰富，四百多个洞窟中，唐窟约占43%，有二百余个。唐代壁画均可分为初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐四个时期。初唐作品在画风上还保有古朴拙劣之美，一如六朝和隋朝的特点。到了盛唐时期，绘画风格转变为丰富多样，金碧辉煌的华丽之气。在比例、透视方面远超当时所做的

3、图画作品。在绘画题材上，也一改过去的消极牺牲的连环画故事，而为大幅的经变。净土宗在中国得以发扬，把佛教之教义从阴森消极的印度思想中拯救出来。从初唐到晚唐，往生灵魂的蜕变是于七宝池中开始，一直到参加天神讲坛的行列为止，可见唐人民从对佛的细微幻想到具体实现这一思想变化过程。敦煌艺术不仅仅是宣传佛教的工具，更是被压迫人民通过被迫受雇，而从事宗教艺术创作中获得的自我展示。敦煌壁画中透露出来劳动人民的愿望、感情和当时的社会生活现状。在法华经变与佛教本故事中都能看到关于他们的生产、生活情况。人们充分发挥自己的丰富想象，用瑰丽的色彩描绘出了西方的极乐世界，给人以美好的向往。敦煌艺术因佛教而生，又因世人对美好

4、的赞美和期许而发展壮大，是中国艺术文化道路上的重要瑰宝。在光绪26年，收藏众多经文和宝物的石室被发现，这个大发现也重新改写了世界文化史。出土的有经卷、文书、图轴等关系到历史、宗教、文化各方面的资料。其规模之大，影响之深，比18世纪意大利发现的庞贝古城也不逊色。可惜的是，由于当时没有引起重视，未能对这一发现进行有效的保护，后被有心之人乘虚而入，将国家宝物堂而皇之地运到国外去。中国人不会忘记，正是因为斯坦因、伯希和、华尔纳等人先后抵达敦煌，用诱盗等手段窃取大量文化艺术资料，才导致中国珍贵文物流失。1943年国家开始重视保护敦煌艺术，命王子云、张大千、常书鸿等八人为敦煌艺术研究所筹备委员，指定高一涵

5、为主任委员，常书鸿为副主任委员。这是第一批参与到敦煌艺术保护的骨干，正因为有他们的出现，敦煌艺术得以保存和维护，以致今天我们还能欣赏到历史上留下来的宝贵遗迹。文章最后，敦煌是中国文化的艺术圣地，在那片土地上，保留着中国文化深沉的底蕴与浓厚的气息，值得每一个人去好好欣赏一番。敦煌莫高窟艺术是对敦煌莫高窟艺术全面概括和解读的一个作品，从中可以体会到敦煌莫高窟艺术的魅力与价值，是非常有意义的一部书籍。一、完形填空Everyone has only one life, all of us want to do _1_ to prove the value of life. But sometimes

6、that really needs more courage.You have probably never heard of Fan Jinshi. She is a very great woman who I admire a lot. She is a thin woman from the south of China, She is always _2_ in historical culture and ancient art. She graduated from Peking University. She could find a good job in a big cit

7、y. Also, she could choose to teach in her university. However, she gave up all the good conditions and made a brave decision to work in Dunhuang, Gan Su. Its very dry and short of water there. _3_ it is always windy and sandy all year round. And she couldnt enjoy delicious food or wear nice clothes.

8、 She just did one thing that she must fight against the terrible environment there every day. But she didnt care. She stuck to _4_ in the desert place and made an effort to contribute （奉献） her youth. What a strong woman fighter she is! I will never forget what she said, “I love my work and I also lo

9、ve every area of my motherland forever.” Just as Dong Qing said,“ _5_ is that you still love your life after seeing the truth clearly.”1 Ameaningful somethingBanything meaningfulCmeaningful anythingDsomething meaningful2AinterestingBsurprisingCinterestedDsurprised3ABesideBExceptCBesidesDExpect4Astay

10、BstayingCstudyingDstudy5AConfidenceBLoveCCourageDFaith【短文大意】每个人的生命只有一次，我们都想做些有意义的事情来证明生命的价值。但有时候真的需要更多的勇气。文章以樊锦诗放弃良好的条件去敦煌工作的事情，告诉我们：勇气，是在你看清了生活真相之后，依然热爱生活。【答案解析】1句意：每个人都只有一次生命，我们都想做一些有意义的事情来证明生命的价值。meaningful something错误用法。anything meaningful任何有意义的事；meaningful anything错误用法；something meaningful一些有意义

11、的事。形容词修饰不定代词时置于不定代词之后，由此可排除AC；设空处所在句子是肯定句，用something而不用anything，排除B。故选D。2句意：她一直对历史文化和古代艺术感兴趣。interesting令人感兴趣的；surprising令人惊讶的；interested感兴趣的；surprised惊讶的。主语She指人，表语用-ed形容词而不用-ing形容词，排除AB；结合题干中“is always _ in”可知此处用be interested in表示“对感兴趣”，排除D。故选C。3句意：此外，这里常年刮风且多沙。Beside在旁边，介词；Except除之外（不包含），介词；Besid

12、es此外，副词；Expect期望，动词。空后句子有逗号隔开，结合题干可知此处用副词，表示除了缺水和干旱外，还常年刮风多沙，用副词Besides符合题意。故选C。4句意：她坚持待在沙漠里，努力贡献自己的青春。stay停留；study学习。结合题干中“She stuck to _ in the desert place”可知此处用stick to doing sth.表示“坚持做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语，上文讲到她是来敦煌工作，由此可知此处是说待在沙漠里，用staying符合题意。故选B。5句意：勇气是你在看清真相后仍然热爱自己的生活。Confidence自信；Love爱；Courage勇气；F

13、aith信念。根据上文“But sometimes that really needs more courage.”及樊锦诗的故事，可知此处是说勇气。故选C。二、阅读单选A篇The Dunhuang Academy (研究院) used AI (人工智能) technology to work with a big Chinese technology company Huawei. They started a new way to show the Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟) in Gansu Province. Huaweis new AI platform (平台)Het

14、u is connected with Digital (数字化的) Dunhuang. It can offer visitors a 360-degree virtual (虚拟的) tour of the Mogao Grottoes by using phones.The high-tech show means that visitors can spend less time inside the Mogao Grottoes and it will be better for protecting them. Also, visitors can get more informa

15、tion about them. We can achieve a better balance between protection and visit. Whats more, we can find new ways of helping develop Dunhuang art. Since the early 1990s, the Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to keep information about the grottoes. So far, it has collected plenty of informat

16、ion and has achieved global (全球的) sharing. It has played an important role in the research of the grottoes and the progress of many art works.The project creates a new experience. When people visit the place, they not only get the real grotto but also can better enjoy the beautiful painting art of g

17、rotto murals (壁画) through high-tech experience. Besides, the technology can better show the rich cultural parts such as the nine-color deer (鹿) and flying Apsaras (飞天) in the Dunhuang murals around the visitors. In the future, the Dunhuang Academy will continue to work with Huawei to create a more c

18、olorful virtual experience on the platform.6Visitors can have a 360-degree virtual tour of the Mogao Grottoes _.Aby using phonesBby watching the moviesCby watching TVDby using the computers7The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to keep information _.Asince the early 2010sBsince the late 1

19、990sCfor about 20 yearsDfor about 30 years8The advantages of the high-tech show include the following EXCEPT _.Avisitors can learn more about the Mogao GrottoesBwe can get a better balance between protection and visitCthe high technology can better show the rich cultural partsDit can be helpful to t

20、he progress of all art works9Which of the following is TRUE?AThe Mogao Grottoes are in Liaoning Province.BHuawei company offers high technology support.CThe Dunhuang Academy has achieved sharing only in China.DVisitors can enjoy neither flying Apsaras nor the nine-color deer.10The best title of the

21、passage can be _.AThe Mogao GrottoesBAI TechnologyCMogao Grottoes Go High-techDA More Colorful Virtual Experience【短文大意】本文主要介绍了敦煌研究院和华为公司合作，利用AI技术在保护好敦煌莫高窟的同时，可以让游客更好地了解敦煌莫高窟的艺术。【答案解析】6细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It can offer visitors a 360-degree virtual (虚拟的) tour of the Mogao Grottoes by using phones.”可知，游客可以

22、通过使用手机对敦煌莫高窟进行360度虚拟游览。故选A。7计算题。根据第二段中“Since the early 1990s, the Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to keep information about the grottoes.”可知，自二十世纪九十年代初以来，敦煌研究院就使用数字技术来保存信息，所以可推断出敦煌研究院使用数字技术有约三十年了。故选D。8细节理解题。根据第二段中“The high-tech show means that visitors can spend less time inside the Mog

23、ao Grottoes and it will be better for protecting them. Also, visitors can get more information about them. We can achieve a better balance between protection and visit.”和第三段中“Besides, the technology can better show the rich cultural parts”可知，高科技展览意味着游客可以得到更多关于敦煌莫高窟的信息，能在保护和参观之间取得更好的平衡，还可以更好地展示其丰富的文化

24、，所以选项A、B和C都是高科技展览的优点，本题要求选择不是高科技展览优点的选项。故选D。9判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“Huaweis new AI platform (平台)Hetu is connected with Digital (数字化的) Dunhuang. It can offer visitors a 360-degree virtual (虚拟的) tour of the Mogao Grottoes by using phones.”和文章最后一句“In the future, the Dunhuang Academy will continue to work with

25、 Huawei to create a more colorful virtual experience on the platform.”可知华为的新人工智能平台与数字敦煌相连，为游客提供360度的莫高窟虚拟游览；未来，敦煌研究院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟体验，可推断出华为公司为敦煌艺术提供了高科技支持。故选B。10最佳标题。本文主要介绍了敦煌研究院和华为公司合作，利用AI技术在保护好敦煌莫高窟的同时，可以让游客更好地了解敦煌莫高窟的艺术，最后提到敦煌研究院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟体验，所以“莫高窟走向高科技”是合适的标题。故选C。B篇Ancient art d

26、oesnt have to be boring. Technology in the 21st century can help to bring it to life by combining(融合) the best of the old and the new.Along the River During the Qingming FestivalWalking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people were amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码的) painting. Scien

27、tists digitized(数码化) the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal by Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.The original(原先的) painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details of ancient Chinese customs, lifestyles and technology. Farmers work in the fields, s

28、ailors move around their boats and people eat and do business in restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画). You can see the wind blowing through the trees and across the water. These animations perfectly combine modern technology and ancient art.Digital technology allows todays ar

29、tists to express their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believe possible. Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection(投影) make art come alive.Dunhuang Cave PaintingsDunhuang Caves, which are protected ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in Northwest China, are filled with pai

30、ntings and sculptures with lasting value. This artwork was created over a period of around 1,000 years.The good news is for art lovers who cannot travel and for the caves. Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital projection of the caves, which makes the artwork come alive. There is also a fu

31、nction(功能) that lets viewers zoom in and enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. It also makes the whole world understand the art while protecting the original artworks for the future.11From the passage, we can know that

32、 _.Aboth of the two artworks use 3D digital projectionBancient art allows people to explore the modern technologyCpeople cant go to Dunhuang to enjoy paintings and sculptures nowDthe digital painting, Along the River During the Qingming Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan12Which sentence may be the

33、 best to fill in the “_”?AIn the digital painting, a lot of these details are animated.BIn the digital painting, a lot of these scenes are well known.CIn the digital painting, more details of the art can be enjoyed.DIn the digital painting, many different styles of art can be seen.13The underlined p

34、hrase “zoom in” means _ in Chinese.A使(镜头)抬高B使(镜头)拉近C使(镜头)俯视D使(镜头)远离14From the passage, we can infer(推断) that _.Astudying ancient art as much as possible is very necessaryBgood art must combine modern technology and ancient artCprotecting the ancient artworks is more important than developing technol

35、ogyDmore valuable ancient artworks will be protected better with technology in the future15Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AEnjoying Ancient ArtBProtecting Modern TechnologyCDigitising Ancient ArtDUnderstanding Modern Technology【短文大意】本文主要讲述了数字化技术可以帮助我们探索古代艺术品的奥妙，同时也使它们得到更

36、好的保护。【答案解析】11细节理解题。根据“Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection(投影) make art come alive.”以及“ Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital projection of the caves, which makes the artwork come alive”可知这两幅作品都使用了3D数字投影技术，故选A。12推理判断题。根据“ Farmers work in the fields, sailors move around t

37、heir boats and people eat and do business in restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画)”（农民在田里干活，水手在船上走动，人们在餐馆吃饭和做生意。部分背景也会设置动画）可知此处是指作品里很多地方都是动画化的，选项A符合语境，故选A。13词义猜测题。根据“enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.”（更详细地欣赏绘画和雕塑。）可知，需要把镜头拉近才能更详细欣赏，故选B。14推理判断题。根据“Digitising

38、 ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. It also makes the whole world understand the art while protecting the original artworks for the future.”（数字化古代艺术使我们能够探索古代的做法。 也让全世界都了解艺术，同时为未来保护原创艺术品。）可推知未来会有更多珍贵的古代艺术品通过技术得到更好的保护，故选D。15最佳标题题。根据“Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the

39、ancient practices. ”以及通读全文可知本文主要讲述了数字化技术可以帮助我们探索古代艺术品的奥妙，同时也使它们得到更好的保护，故选C。C篇On January 4, the China National Traditional Orchestra(中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences(观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of suona, the tearful notes of

40、 erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.“Ive fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed(弦) instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow

41、 and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert.However, a recent report suggests. _ To wake up peoples love for traditional music, something creative has been done.In some traditional music concerts, VR(虚拟现实) technolo

42、gy is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie.Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk(民间) singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his wo

43、rks and they love them!Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young.Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, a

44、nd with some creativity, great things happen.16Which of the following can be put in the _?Apipa can not produce the sound of falling snowBtraditional music is much better than modern musicCthe number of traditional music listeners is droppingDmore young people show interest in traditional music17To

45、wake up peoples love for traditional music, Li Xiao bing _.Atells many tearful storiesBmakes good 3D moviesCmixes traditional musicDsings pop and rap songs18The structure(结构) of the passage is _.A B C D 19According to the passage, the writer believes _.Atraditional music should only be played in con

46、certsBthe ways to play traditional music must be changedCtraditional music must remain unchanged all the timeDtraditional music with creativity will be more popular【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国传统音乐的美。【答案解析】16推理判断题。根据“However, a recent report suggests.”可知，此处应介绍研究的结果，结合后句“To wake up peoples love for traditional

47、 music, something creative has been done.”可知，为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了一些创造性的事情，所以空处应表示人们对于传统音乐的关注和喜爱程度有所下降，选项C“传统音乐听众的数量正在下降”符合语境，故选C。17细节理解题。根据“Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology.”可知，来自北京的音乐教师Li Xiaobing通过技术将传统民歌、戏曲和中国乐器融合在一起。故选C。 18篇章结构题。第一、二段介绍中国传统音乐的美以及一位喜欢传统音乐的人的评价；第三、四、五、六段介绍为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了哪些创造性的事情；第七段收尾。故选B。19推理判断题。根据“Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.”可知，传统音乐展示了我们文化的美，再加一些创造力，伟大的事情发生了。推测作者认为有创意的传统音乐会更受欢迎，故选D。三、多任务混合阅