英语7下-Unit 5知识点语法写作背默（背诵版）.docx

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1、Unit 5知识点，语法，写作背默语法精讲一般过去时(一)1.概念。(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:I was at the zoo yesterday.昨天我在动物园。I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11点钟睡觉的。(2)表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:When I was a child,I often played football in the street.小时候我经常在街上踢足球。2.与一般过去时连用的时间状语。在一般过去时的句子中,通常有下列表示过去的时间状语:yesterday,yesterday

2、 morning/afternoon/evening,the day before yesterday,last night/week/month/year, a moment ago,just now,two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。3.动词的过去式。(1)规则动词的过去式。一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。例如:looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisited以不发音字母e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加d。例如:liveliveduseused以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变i后,再加ed。例如:studystudi

3、edtrytriedcarrycarried以重读闭音节(即“辅音+元音+辅音”)或r结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母后,再加ed。例如:stopstoppedplanplannedpreferpreferred(2)不规则动词的过去式。改变动词中的元音。例如:beginbegandrinkdrankcomecamegrowgrewrunranknowknewwinwonwritewrotegetgot变词尾的d为t。例如:buildbuiltlendlentsendsentspendspent与动词原形一样。例如:cutcutputputcostcosthurthurts

4、hutshut变ay为aid(少数动词)。例如:saysaidpaypaidlaylaid采用不同词根。例如:sellsoldteachtaughtbuybought其他。例如:am/iswasarewerehave/hashaddo/doesdid语法精练.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.I saw(see) him yesterday morning.2.We lived(live) there two years ago.3.Shewas(is) born in 1992.4.My brother studied(study) English five years ago.5.Nanc

5、y picked(pick) some oranges on the farm last week.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词1.如果今天是星期五,前天就是星期三。If today is Friday,the day before yesterday was Wednesday.2.顺便问一下,你还想要什么,小姐?By the way,what else would you like,Miss?3.你是怎么知道这个会议的?How did you learn/know about the meeting?4.他们两个星期前离开的,也就是说,在7月27日。They left two weeks

6、 ago,that is to say,on 27 July.5.我们上周五在聚会上玩得很开心。We had a great/good time at the party last Friday.知识点精讲Comic strip &welcome to the unit1. Come on, Eddie. Its just a plane. l saw one yesterday.得了吧，埃迪。它就是一架飞机。我昨天看到一架。（1）come on的用法Come on意为“得了吧”表示责备或不耐烦意为“快点儿；加油”用于催促他人Come on，dont sit there dreaming.得了

7、吧，别坐在那儿空想了。Come on. Dont lie to me. 得了吧（揭穿谎言）。Come on，Lily！You can catch up with Amy！加油，莉莉！你可以赶上埃米的！Come on! You can do it! 加油（鼓励）Come on, or you will be late. 快点（催促）（2） It/ one/ that 辨析It同类同物，上文中出现的One 同类不同物that两者相比较时用that代指上文中出现过的东西The weather in Beijing is really different from that in Shanghai.北

8、京的天气真的与上海天气不同。2. Fish sleep with their eyes open.鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。解析:句中介词短语 with their eyes open 强调在谓语动词所表示的动作发生的同时伴随发生另一个动作或存在的状态。“with名词（短语）形容词/介词短语”这一结构经常被用来表示伴随状态。The old man often sleeps with at night. 这个老人经常晚上开着窗睡觉。The boy was listening to music .那个男孩正闭着眼睛听音乐。Dont sleep .不要开着窗户睡觉.答案The old man often sl

9、eeps with the window open at night. 这个老人经常晚上开着窗睡觉。The boy was listening to music with his eyes closed.那个男孩正闭着眼睛听音乐。Dont sleep with windows open.不要开着窗户睡觉.3. Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.我们的眼睛和出生时一样大，但是我们的鼻子和耳朵从没有停止生长。解析: same，形容词，意为“同一的，相同的”，前面加定冠词th

10、e，一起在句中作表语、宾语、定语等。反义词为different（不同的）。be the same as. 与.相同（same之前必须加the）be the same+名词+as. 与.某方面相同be the same size as.=be as big/large as. 和.一样大小be the same age as.=be as old as. 和.一样年龄（1）My pencil is Tonys.我的铅笔和托尼的是一样的。I dont want to have clothes as you.我不想和你有一样的衣服。反义词组为be different from 与.不同Toms ba

11、g his brothers. 汤姆的包和他哥哥的不一样。答案：My pencil is the same as Tonys.我的铅笔和托尼的是一样的。I dont want to have the same clothes as you.我不想和你有一样的衣服。反义词组为be different from 与.不同Toms bag is different from his brothers. 汤姆的包和他哥哥的不一样。（3） from birth 从出生之时起 at birth=when sb. was/were born 在出生时He weighed 2. 5kg at birth.他出

12、生时有2.5 千克重。（4）stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth. =stop for sth.停下（手头上的事）去做另一件事stop to do sth停下来去做某事，动词不定式是stop的目的stop doing A to do B 停止做A去做Bstop to have meals= 停下来去吃饭After one hours walk, we . 一小时的散步后，我们停下休息一下。I am too tired.Lets .我太累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。Lets listen to the teacher carefully. 让我们停止讲话去认真听老

13、师讲。答案：stop to have meals=stop for meals 停下来去吃饭After one hours walk, we stopped to have a rest/for a rest. 一小时的散步后，我们停下休息一下。I am too tired.Lets stop to have a rest.我太累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。Lets stop talking to listen to the teacher carefully. 让我们停止讲话去认真听老师讲。4.The Sun is about 1,300,000 times larger than the

14、Earth.太阳的体积是地球的约130万倍。(1)句中的“Sun与“Earth”首字母要大写，指的是在谈论天文学中的星球。而我们平时提及“太阳“地球”时，则不用大写。另外“sun和“earth”前均有定冠词“the，是因为“太阳”“地球”是世界上独一无二的事物。(2) time，名词，意为“（用于比较）倍”，常用于进行比较的固定句型中:A be 倍数形容词比较级 thanB.A be 倍数 as 形容词原级 as B.This street is four times longer than that one.这条街道是那条的四倍长。This hall is six times as big

15、as our classroom.这个大厅是我们教室的六倍大。5. There are no bones in the back of elephants feet-only fat.大象的脚背没有骨头只有脂肪。in the back of. 在.背面fat作不可数名词，表示“脂肪，肥肉”；作形容词，表示“肥胖的”There is in the fat mans body. 这个胖子的身体中有太多脂肪。答案：There is too much fat in the fat mans body. 这个胖子的身体中有太多脂肪。6.Isnt that amazing?那不是很令人吃惊吗？（1）此句为

16、否定一般疑问句，表示肯定的意思和语气，常用于反问或希望得到肯定回答。如: Cant you understand me？你难道不能理解我吗？拓展:否定一般疑问句句型的回答：若所述为事实，用Yes回答；若所述不是事实，用No回答。- Isnt it a fine day today？今天难道不是一个好天吗？- Yes, it is. No,it isnt.不，是个好天。是，不是个好天。（“Yes,it is.”表示事实本身是肯定的；“No, it isnt.” 表示事实本身是否定的。）(2)amazing表示“令人惊奇的，惊人的”（指事物的客观属性）amazed表示“感到惊奇的”（指人的主观感受

17、）以-ing结尾的形容词，主要形容某物或某事；以-ed结尾的形容词，主要形容某人。如：exciting-excited interesting-interested boring-bored surprising-surprised amazing-amazed tiring-tired worrying-worriedI at the amazing violin concert.我对那场令人惊奇的小提琴音乐会感到吃惊。答案I am amazed at the amazing violin concert.我对那场令人惊奇的小提琴音乐会感到吃惊。7.Do you know any fun f

18、acts about the world,Amy?你知道世界上一些有趣的事情吗，艾米？（1）fun facts意为“趣闻，有趣的事”。She knows some . 她知道一些趣闻。（2） fact此处作可数名词，意为“事实”；其复数形式为facts。There are in our school. 我们学校有许多趣闻。拓展 in fact意为“事实上”。 ,he is older than me. 事实上，他比我大。答案（1）She knows some fun facts. 她知道一些趣闻。（2） There are lots of fun facts in our school. 我们

19、学校有许多趣闻。In fact,he is older than me. 事实上，他比我大。Reading1. As usual, they sat down under a big tree.像往常样，她们坐在了一棵大树下。as usual为副词短语，意为“照例；像往常一样”，在句中作状语，可位于句首或句末。as，副词，意为“和.一样”； usual，形容词，意为“通常的，平常的”。如: Yesterday he went home from work late .昨天他像往常一样很晚才下班回家。答案：Yesterday he went home from work late as usua

20、l.昨天他像往常一样很晚才下班回家。反义词为unusual，副词为usuallya usual family 一个寻常的家庭 an unusual day 不同寻常的一天2. Suddenly, they heard a whisper from the bushes behind the tree.突然，她们听到了从树后的灌木丛中传来的低语声。1）suddenly，副词，意为“突然”，可在句首或句中作状语，但在句首时，通常用逗号将其与后句隔开。如: ，I have a good idea.突然，我有一个好主意。 , it began to rain. 突然，天开始下雨了。拓展: sudden

21、ly 的形容词形式为sudden（突然的；出乎意料的）。a sudden heavy rain 一场突如其来的大雨答案：Suddenly，I have a good idea.突然，我有一个好主意。Suddenly, it began to rain. 突然，天开始下雨了。2）hear a whisper from the bushes 听到从灌木丛中传来一阵低语声3）in a whisper/whispers 低声地 3. They turned around but saw nothing.她们转过身去，但什么也没看到。turn around 转身，翻转 如后接名词作宾语，名词放在arou

22、nd之前或之后；如后接代词作宾语，代词必须放在中间He and looked at me. 他转过身看着我。He and asked me to sit down. 他把椅子转过来，叫我坐下。答案：He turned around and looked at me. 他转过身看着我。He turned the chair around and asked me to sit down. 他把椅子转过来，叫我坐下。与turn相关的其他词组：turn on/off 打开/关闭(电源) turn up/down 调高/调低(音量)4. Nobody replied.没人回答。1）reply作不及物动

23、词或名词，表示“回答，答复”，后接宾语时，要加to；answer作及物动词，后面可直接加宾语；reply比answer更正式reply to.=answer. 对.作出回复 I asked him the question, but he . 我问过他这个问题，但他没有回答。My elder sister heard from me, but she didnt my letter. 我姐姐收到了我的来信，但她并没有回复我的信件。答案：I asked him the question, but he didnt reply. 我问过他这个问题，但他没有回答。My elder sister he

24、ard from me, but she didnt reply to my letter. 我姐姐收到了我的来信，但她并没有回复我的信件。2）辨析: reply 与 answerreply比较正式，后接代词、名词（短语）作宾语时，要加上to使用范围较广，用于口头或行为答复，强调给出答案answer比reply更通俗；也表示对请求、号召、疑问等所作出的回应，而reply则不具有该含义Do you want to him？你想答复他吗？I asked her a question， but she didnt me.我问了她一个问题，但是她没有回答我。答案Do you want to reply

25、 to him？你想答复他吗？I asked her a question，but she didnt answer me.我问了她一个问题，但是她没有回答我。3）answer除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听电话或对门铃等声音作出反应Who answered the phone just now? 刚才谁接的电话？Mum was busy cooking meals, so the kid answered the door. 妈妈在忙着烧饭，所以那个小孩应声去开了门。5.What happened?发生什么事了？sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上sb. happen to

26、 do sth. 某人碰巧做某事Nobody knows what the poor child. 没人知道什么事情发生在了这个可怜的孩子身上。I meet an old friend of mine on my way home yesterday. 昨天我回家路上碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。答案：Nobody knows what happened to the poor child. 没人知道什么事情发生在了这个可怜的孩子身上。I happened to meet an old friend of mine on my way home yesterday. 昨天我回家路上碰巧遇见我的一个老

27、朋友。6.He searched the bushes.他搜查了灌木丛。search表示“搜寻，搜查”，后面加“搜的对象”；也可以和for连用，for后面加“找的对象”。search sb.对某人搜身search sp.搜查某地search for.=look for.(carefully) 搜查search sb. for sth. 为找到某物而对某人搜身search sp. for sb./sth. 为找到某人/某物而搜查某地The policeman him for the wallet, but didnt find it. 警察为找钱包而搜他的身，但没找到。They the whol

28、e town for the missing/lost child. 他们搜寻了整个小镇，寻找失踪的孩子。Why not the information on the Internet? 为什么不上网搜索一下这些信息呢？答案The policeman searched him for the wallet, but didnt find it. 警察为找钱包而搜他的身，但没找到。They searched the whole town for the missing/lost child. 他们搜寻了整个小镇，寻找失踪的孩子。Why not search for the information

29、 on the Internet? 为什么不上网搜索一下这些信息呢？7. Andy picked up the little cat and went to find Millie and Amy.安迪捡起这只小猫，去找米莉和艾米。pick up 捡起，拾起；接（某人）代词放在pick与up的中间；后接名词作宾语时，名词可以放在pick与up的中间，也可以放在pick up之后。Dont the pieces of glass on the ground. 不要去捡地上的玻璃碎片。 and give it to the policeman. 把它捡起来交给警察。I will and drive

30、 you to the airport this afternoon. 我今天下午将来接你并开车送你去机场。答案Dont pick up the pieces of glass on the ground. 不要去捡地上的玻璃碎片。Pick it up and give it to the policeman. 把它捡起来交给警察。I will pick you up and drive you to the airport this afternoon. 我今天下午将来接你并开车送你去机场8.Millie and Amy were very surprised-it was a little

31、 cat!米莉和艾米感到很惊奇它是一只小猫。sb. be surprised at. 某人对.感到惊讶sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人惊讶地做某事to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是Im the surprising news.=Im hear the surprising news.听到这个惊人的消息我很惊讶。 , he spent at least one hour making the small hamburger. 令大家惊讶的是，他花了至少一个小时制作这个小小的汉堡。答案：Im surprised at the surprising news.

32、=Im surprised to hear the surprising news.听到这个惊人的消息我很惊讶。To everyones surprise, he spent at least one hour making the small hamburger. 令大家惊讶的是，他花了至少一个小时制作这个小小的汉堡。9. Here it is， Andy said to himself.“在这儿，”安迪心里想。say to oneself意为“自言自语，心里想”， oneself在句中要与句子的主语保持一致。oneself 是反身代词，意为“某人自己”。它的具体形式为:myself我自己y

33、ourself 你自己herself 她自己himself他自己itself 它自己ourselves我们自己themselves 他/ 她/ 它们自己yourselves 你们自己Why am I here？ Jim .“我为什么在这里？”吉姆自言自语。答案:Why am I here？ Jim said to himself.“我为什么在这里？”吉姆自言自语。10.It was very weak.它很虚弱。weak，形容词，意为“虚弱的，无力的，作表语或定语。反义词为strong（强壮的，强的）；同音词为week（星期，周）。如: The child was with hunger.这个

34、孩子因为饥饿很虚弱。答案：The child was weak with hunger.这个孩子因为饥饿很虚弱。拓展: weak 作形容词，还可表示（能力）弱的”，固定短语be weak in意为“在.方面差/弱”。如:He English.他的英语不好。答案：He is weak in English.他的英语不好。11.Later that day，they took the little cat to the animal centre.那天晚些的时候，他们把小猫送到了动物中心。解析:later，副词，意为“随后，后来”，作时间状语，可单独使用，通常用于一般将来时或一般过去时。如: Il

35、l come and see you later. 我以后会来看你。拓展: later与一段时间连用，即“一段时间later”，此结构表示“. （一段时间）以后”，多用于一般过去时。如: He found his mother two hours later.两个小时后他找到了他妈妈。辩析: later 与latelater副词，意为“随后，后来”以之前或现在的时间为基准，用于一般过去时或一般将来时；也可与名词构成“一段时间later的结构late形容词，意为“迟的，晚的”常作表语常作表语副词，意为“晚”修饰动词如：Dont be late for class.上课不要迟到。He stayed

36、 up late to play computer games.他熬夜熬到很晚玩电脑游戏。12. It is also amazing that a snake eats little or nothing in cold winter.令人惊奇的是蛇在寒冷的冬天吃得少或不吃东西。It is+adj.+that从句此句型中句首的it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句It is dangerous that you swim across the river alone/by yourself/on your own on a cold morning. 在寒冷的早上你独自游过这条河

37、是危险的。13.What is it？ Andy wondered.“它是什么呢？”安迪感到疑惑。wonder，动词，意为“琢磨，想知道；感到诧异”，相当于want to know，后常接宾语从句及带疑问词的动词不定式。形容词形式为wonderful（极好的，精彩的）如: Jack what to do next.杰克想知道接下来做什么。I when he will come.我想知道他何时会来。答案：Jack wonders what to do next.杰克想知道接下来做什么。I wonder when he will come.我想知道他何时会来。拓展: wonder还可作名词，意为“

38、奇迹；奇观；奇才”。The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world长城是世界上最了不起的奇观之一。14.He went to the park，stood beside the tree and listened carefully.他去了公园，站在树的旁边仔细听。解析:carefully副词，意为“仔细地，认真地；小心地”，修饰动词或动词短语。反义词为carelessly（粗心地）。如: My mother does everything carefully.我妈妈做每件事都很认真。拓展:名词形式为care，意为“小心；谨

39、慎”；形容词形式为careful（小心的；谨慎的），反义词为careless（粗心的）。如: Be careful！ Its dark outside.小心点！外面很黑。15.They left the park quickly.她们迅速地离开了公园。leave，动词，意为“离开”。leave sp.离开某地The train leaves Nanjing at 9:17 am. every day.火车每天上午9点17分离开南京。leave .for sp.离开去某地My father will leave Hangzhou for Guangzhou tomorrow.我父亲明天将从杭州动

40、身去广州。拓展: leave作动词，还可表示“使.处于某种状态”。如: Leave the dog alone！ 别碰那条狗！Grammar1.A month ago,Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.一个月前，米莉和埃米去了阳光公园。解析: ago，副词，意为“以前”，ago常用于一般过去时，表示从说话时刻算起的若干时间以前，不能单独使用，常构成短语“一段时间ago”，意为“以前”。如:The story happened .故事发生在两年前。答案：The story happened two years ago.故事发生在两年前。辨析: ago 与

41、beforeago以现在为基准，即指“现在以前”，常用于一般过去时before以过去某一时间为基准，指“在那时以前（即过去的过去）”不与具体的时间连用，此时通常用于现在完成时如:I bought a new bike two weeks ago.我两周前买了一辆新自行车。I have never met her before.我以前从未见过她。提醒: ago不能用作介词或连词。2.We also learnt/learned about some strange birds like dodos.我们还了解了一些奇怪的鸟，像渡渡鸟。learn about得知；了解；获悉I learnt abo

42、ut this car two years ago.两年前我获悉了这辆汽车的情况。拓展learn的其他常用短语：learn to do sth.学习做某事You can learn to swim in summer.你可以在夏天学习游泳。learn from sb.向某人学习We should learn from the heroes.我们应该向英雄们学习。learn.by heart记住You had better learn it by heart.你最好记住它。learn.by oneself自学Tony learned dancing by himself last year.去年

43、托尼自学了跳舞。Integrated skills1.Camels can live without water for a long time.骆驼没有水也能存活很久。without为介词，表示“没有”，反义词为with，后接名词或动名词(doing)without是否定词，句中有and要改成orWe cant live without air or water. 没有空气和水，我们就不能生存。Dont drink milk without (eating/having) anything. 不要空腹喝牛奶。2. Now I am not afraid of animals any more.现在我不再害怕动物了。not.any more, not.