英语7下-Unit 7知识点语法写作背默（背诵版）.docx

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1、Unit 7知识点，语法，写作背默语法精讲can,could,may的用法这三个词都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,需要和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语部分,表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。1.can和could表示能力。(1)can意为“能,会”,用来表示某人现在的能力;could是can的过去式,用来表示某人过去的能力。例如:I couldnt understand his words last year,but now I can.去年我还不能理解他的话,但现在我能理解了。(2)can表示能力时,与be able to同义,二者一般可互换,但can只有一般现在时和一

2、般过去时两种时态,而be able to中的be动词的形式根据句子所用时态变化。例如:You will be able to pass the exam tomorrow.明天你能通过考试。2.can,could和may表示许可。情态动词can,could和may可以用来表示请求或许可。情态动词could表示一种委婉的语气,比can表达更有礼貌,常用于问句中。may较正式。注意:对情态动词could的回答不能用could,只能用can。例如:Could I borrow your ruler?我可以借你的尺子吗?Yes,you can./Sorry,you cant.是的,你可以。/对不起,你

3、不可以。感叹句1.感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句一般由what或how引导,句末加感叹号。2.感叹句的构成。(1)what引导的感叹句句型。what的基本句型例句What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What an interesting story (it is)!(它是)多么有趣的一个故事啊!What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What beautiful flowers (they are)!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!What delicious food (it is)!(它是)多么美味的

4、食物啊!(2)how引导的感叹句句型。how的基本句型例句How+形容词(+主语+谓语)!How kind (the girl is)!(这个女孩)多么善良啊!How+副词(+主语+谓语)! How well (she dances)!(她舞跳得)多好啊!How+主语+谓语!(此句型中how修饰动词,但动词不提前。) How time flies!时间过得真快呀!语法精练.根据句意用can,could或may填空1.Mary said she could not sing Chinese songs.2.I have six dogs.You can/may choose any of the

5、m.3.The little boycouldnot swim very well at the age of eleven.4.The boy can not be Jack.He has gone to China with his parents.5.Where is my card?I dont know.It may be in your bag.按要求完成句子,每空一词1.I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)Can you speak English?No,I cant.2.The old man could ride a horse.(改为同义

6、句)The old man was able to ride a horse.3.The food is very nice.(改为感叹句)What nice foodit is!4.This movie is very interesting.(改为感叹句)How interestingthis movie is!知识点精讲Comic strip and welcome to the unit1.Look out，Eddie！当心，埃迪！ look out意为“小心”，相当于be careful/take care, 单独使用时，后面不接宾语Look out！Theres a car com

7、ing.当心！汽车过来了。look out at.向外看.We look out at the beach.我们朝外看沙滩。look out of朝.外看Dont look out of the door.不要朝门外看。Look out for注意察看.留心.Look out for cars.当心汽车。2. Believe it or not！信不信由你！believe it or not信不信由你Believe it or not！I am feeling homesick now.信不信由你,我现在想家了。believe sb./sth. 相信某人(的话)/相信某事You cant be

8、lieve her words.你不能相信她的话。believe in sb. 信任某人I believe him，but I cant believe in him.我相信他的话，但我不能信任他。believe+that从句Its hard to believe that he is only 10.很难想象他只有10岁。3. People have different abilities.不同的人有不同的能力。ability能力,复数形式为abilitiesDifferent people have different abilities.have the ability to do st

9、h.有做某事的能力Kitty has the ability to be our monitor.基蒂有当我们班长的能力。4. clean up the park.把公园打扫干净clean up意为“把收拾干净” “打扫干净”You should clean up the place after a picnic.你应该在野餐后把这个地方收拾干净。5. We can send some to them. 我们可以寄一些给他们。send sb. sth=send sth. to sb.送/寄某物给某人I will send you a postcard.= I will send a postc

10、ard to you.我将给你寄一张明信片。send sb. /sth. to sp.送某人/某物到某地My father sent her to the park.我家人送她去了公园。拓展短语：send for 派人去叫send up 发射send out 派出6. Some families are not even able to pay for pens and notebooks.一些家庭甚至付不起钢笔和笔记本的费用。（1）be able to 意思是“能，会”表示能力，后接动词原形。He isnt able to climb up the tree.他爬不上树。be able to

11、和can的区别：be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。be able to 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。I could help you last night, but you didnt come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。Can you see it there?

12、 你能看见它在那儿吗？He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。can可用于表示可能性,推测,允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。It can be very hot here in summer.（理论上的）可能性（2） 动词 pay 意为“付费”。pay sb.意为“付款给某人”He paid me six yuan.他付了我六元钱。pay for sth.意为“付款买某物或为某物付款”He cant pay for the car at the moment.他现在还不能给这辆车付款。paysb.+moneyfor sth“

13、为某物付款给某人”I paid the shopkeeper 20 yuan for the toy.我向店主付了二十元钱买这个玩具。7. We can raise some money for them to buy these things.我们可以募集一些钱给他们买这些物品。 动词raise意为“募集”，常用短语raise money for sb/sth，意为“为某人/某物募集基金”。We often raise money for the old man.我们经常为这位老人募捐。raise还可以表示为“举起，提高，饲养”raise your hand举手raise your voic

14、e提高嗓音raise cows养奶牛Reading8. He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire.他很勇敢，从火灾中救出了他的邻居。（1） brave形容词，意为“勇敢的”，可在句子中做定语或者表语，副词形式为 bravely。He is a brave boy.他是一个勇敢的男孩。（2）save动词，意为“救；救助”， save.from意为“从中救出”。The doctor saved her life. 那个医生救了她的命。He saved the boy from the river last Sunday.上星期天他从

15、河中救了那个男孩。save作及物动词，还可以意为“节约，储存“save money 存钱save water 节约用水He decided to save more money to help the children in poor areas.他决定省下更多的钱来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。9. He went in and found his neighbour，the 79-year-old Mrs Sun，in the kitchen.他进去，发现了他的邻居79 岁的孙夫人在厨房。79-year-old 是一个复合形容词，意为“79 岁的”，做前置定语，修饰名词，注意连字符号，中间的名词要

16、用单数形式。（1） 数词名词six-hour sleep 6个小时的睡眠two-year time 2年的时间a two-hour trip 2个小时的旅行（2） 数词名词形容词a five-year-old boy 一个5岁的男孩a 900-metre-long bridge 一座900米长的桥He is a 20-year-old boy.他是一个12岁的男孩。Do you know where the five-star hotel is？你知道那家五星级宾馆在哪里吗？10.Suddenly he heard someone shouting“Fire！Fire！”忽然他听到有人喊：“着

17、火了！着火了！”hear someone shouting中someone作 hear的宾语。shouting是动词-ing形式作someone的宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的动作。hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正在做某事”，强调动作发生的过程。主语听到的是动作发生中的一个片段。类似的还有 see，find 等动词。I heard Lily singing in her room when I went to bed.当我睡觉时，听见莉莉正在房间唱歌。hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做某事”，强调动经常做或所做的事情已经过去。主语听到的是动作发生的全过程。We of

18、ten hear the girl sing in the next room.我们经常听见这个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。11.Her left leg was badly hurt and she could not get out. 她的左腿伤得很重，不能出去了。（1） badly 副词，意为“严重地，厉害地”，由“形容词 badly”构成。此处用来修饰形容词hurt。be badly hurt 受重伤He was badly hurt and people sent him to the nearest hospital at once. 他受了重伤，人们马上把他送到最近的医院。hurt s

19、b. 伤到某人Luckily, the glass didnt hurt anybody.幸运的是，玻璃并没有伤到任何人。sth. hurt .感到疼痛My hand hurts.我手疼。12. He poured water over his clothes to protect himself.为了保护自己，他往衣服上倒了些水。1) pour意为“倾倒”， pour.into.把.倒进.里Pour the water into the cup。把水倒进杯子里。poured . over 把.倒在.上面Dont pour water over his clothes 不要把水倾倒在他的衣服上

20、。2）protect 及物动词，意为“保护”，后可接名词代词作宾语， protect.from sth意为“保护免遭某物的伤害”。Sunglasses can protect our eyes from the sun.太阳镜可保护我们的眼睛免遭太阳的危害。13. Then he rushed into the kitchen.然后他冲进了厨房。rush此处是及物动词，意为“冲，奔“rush into意为”冲进He rushed into the room.他冲进了房间。rush out of意为”从冲出来“He rushed out of the classroom when the bel

21、l rings.当铃响的时候，他冲出教室。rush to do sth意为“赶忙去做某事He rushed to help his friend.他赶忙去帮他的朋友。14. Later some firemen came and put out the fire.稍后消防员来把火扑灭。put out是“熄灭，扑灭”的意思，后面常接烟、火等名词 Dont smoke here.Please put it out.不要在这里吸烟，请将它熄灭。15. He put a wet blanket over Mrs Sun and helped her out.他用一块湿的毛毯裹住孙夫人，并帮助她脱离了危

22、险。help sb out意为“帮助某人克服困难，解决问题，脱离危险”The woman often helps her neighbours out.那位女士经常帮助她邻居们解决困难。（拓展）help 的常用短语help sb （to）do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人I can help you （to）lean English.=I can help you with your English.我可以帮助你学英语。16.The fire burnt Lin Taos arms,neck and face.火烧伤了林涛的胳膊，脖子和脸。burn可

23、用作及物动词或者不及物动词，意为“烧伤，烧”其过去式为burnt或burned。I burned my hand just now.刚才我把手烧伤了。17.He was in hospital for two weeks.他住院治疗了两个星期。in hospital意思是“生病住院”He had to stay in hospital for a week.他不得不住院一个星期。in the hospital是“在医院里”Simon works in the hospital.西蒙在医院工作。18.Were you afraid at that moment？ Yes，a little. Li

24、n Tao nodded， but I didnt have time to think about it.” “那时你害怕吗？”是的，有点害怕。”林涛点头说:“但是我没有时间去想。”1)moment用作可数名词，意为“时刻，片刻，瞬间”，at the /this moment意为“此刻，现在”He is busy at the moment 他此刻很忙。at that moment意为“在那时”At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons .那时，他正忙于准备功课。2)nod现在分词nodding,过去式nodded，动词“点头”，在此句中是

25、不及物动词，其后面不能直接加宾语，可以跟状语等句子的成分We nod to each other in greeting every morning when we meet我们明天早晨见面时相互点头打招呼。3)have time to do sth为固定搭配，表示“有时间做某事”She has time to do her homework。她有足够的时间做家庭作业。19.We should be careful with it.我们应该小心它。careful形容词仔细的，认真的；小心的。可在句中作表语或定语，其反义词为careless（粗心的）。be careful with.小心，当心P

26、lease be careful with my glasses.请当心我的眼镜。be careful（not）to do sth.当心（不要）做某事Be careful not to damage other peoples property.小心别损坏别人的财物。20.stop something from burning阻止某物燃烧stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,其中from可省略。The heavy rain stopped the children（ from）going out to play football.大雨阻止了孩子们出去踢足球。21. F

27、irst，I heard someone calling for help.首先，我听到有人在喊救命。call for help呼救，求救Did you call for help？你呼救了吗？call sb. for help 打电话向某人求助If you have problems，you may call me for help.如果你有困难，你可以打电话向我求助。22.Did you hear the news about Lin Tao？你听说关于林涛的新闻了吗？news不可数名词新闻，消息，多指通过电视、广播、报纸等媒体得到的新闻消息等。其数量的表达多借助于piece。a piec

28、e of news 一条新闻some pieces of news 几条新闻No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Therere some good pieces of news in the newspaper.报纸上有几条好新闻。辨析：news, message 与 informationnews不可数名词意为“新闻，消息”，常指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事情，尤指通过广播、电视、网络等报道的事件。Whas the latest news? 最新消息是什么？message可数名词一般指口头传递或书写的“消息”。Did he leave a message? 他留言了

29、吗？information不可数名词意为“消息;信息，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。Look at the information below.看下面的信息。23.I read about it in the newspaper.我在报纸上看到的。newspaper可数名词报纸由“news（新闻）paper（纸）”组合而成。in the newspaper 在报纸上My father likes reading a newspaper after dinner.我父亲喜欢晚饭后看报纸。24. Do not play with matches. 不要玩火柴。1

30、）play，意为“玩”play with sth. 玩弄某物The boy is playing with his toy.那个男孩正在玩他的玩具。play with sb.和某人玩I often play with my friend after class.课后我经常和我的朋友一起玩。2） match的用法match火柴，其复数形式为 matchesYou can make a fire with the match.你可以用火柴生火。match比赛，竞赛，其复数形式为matchesLets go to watch the basketball match.咱们去看篮球比赛吧。match与

31、相配This pair of jeans matches her T-shirt well.这条牛仔裤与她的T恤衫很相配。25.Do not put anything hot into the rubbish bin.不要将任何热的东西倒入垃圾箱内。rubbish不可数名词垃圾，废物a rubbish bin 垃圾箱We should put rubbish into the rubbish bin.我们应该把垃圾放入垃圾箱内。Grammar26.Could I smoke here?我可以在这儿吸烟吗？smoke的用法smoke动词吸（烟），抽（烟）Do you mind if someon

32、e smokes?如果有人吸烟,你介意吗？smoke（不及物动词冒烟The chimney is smoking.烟囱正在冒烟。smoke不可数名词烟，烟雾There”s a lot of smoke in the room.房间里有大量的烟雾。27.I left mine at home.我的忘在家里了。leave 及物动词忘带，丢下 其过去式加left。leave sth. at/in/on.把某物忘在某个地方I left my mobile phone on the bus.我把手机忘在公共汽车上了。辨析 leave 与 forgetleave指因粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处，其后往往

33、有一个地点状语He left his exercise book in the classroom.他把练习本忘在教室里了。forget指大脑不能记起或回忆起过去的人、事物或事情，其后不能跟地点状语，其反义词是rememberDont forget to take your umbrella with you.不要忘记带上你的雨伞。28.By the way,can you take your camera with you, Amy?顺便问一下，埃米，你能带上你的相机吗？by the way顺便说说，顺便问一下，通常用作插入语，表示说话人要转入一个新话题。By the way, why do

34、 you like dancing so much?顺便问一下，你为什么那么喜欢跳舞？拓展way的其他表达：in the way妨碍；挡路on the way在途中29.No problem.没问题。no problem,没问题表示同意。Can I bring a friend?我可以带个朋友来吗？No problem.没问题。no problem,没什么,用于回答对方的感谢或道歉。Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。No problem.没什么.30.What else can he do?他还能做什么？辨析：else 与 otherelse副词,其他,另外，还通常用在w

35、ho, whose, what等疑问代词、when, where等疑问副词及something, anything, nothing, nobody, anybody等不定代词的后面。Who else was at your party?还有谁在你的聚会上？Would you like something else to drink?你还想喝些什么吗？other形容词，其他的，别的通常用在名词的前面，作定语。I dont like other books.我不喜欢其他的书。Integrated skills31.Suzy loves it and works hard on the subje

36、ct.苏西喜欢数学，在这个科目上很用功。work hard努力工作，此处work为不及物动词，意为“工作，学习”，hard副词，意为“努力地；费力地”It is hard work, but we must finish it 虽然它是艰苦的工作，但是我们必须完成它。32. She does not do her best this term 这个学期 她没有尽最大努力。do ones best 意为“尽某人最大努力”，相当于try ones best， do/try ones best to do sth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。I like English，and Ill do/try

37、 my best to learn it well.我喜欢英语，并将尽最大努力学好它。33Good，but sometimes she is careless.很好，但是她有时粗心。careless 形容词，意为“粗心”，是由 careless构成的派生词，其反义词 为careful （仔细的）。The careless driver didnt see the dog and hit it.这位粗心的司机没有看见这条狗，撞到了它。34.She does well in Chinese, English and History too. but she needs to do better i

38、n Geography.她在语文、英语和历史方面也做得很好，但是她需要在地理方面做得更好。do well in做得好 相当于be good at。His sister does well in dancing. = His sister is good at dancing.他姐姐擅长跳舞。do better in做得更好（这里的better是well 的比较级，意为“更好”）If you work harder, you will do better in it.如果你更努力，你会做得更好。35.1 started to play the violin at the age of six.我

39、在六岁时开始拉小提琴。at the age of 在.岁时，相当于when引导的时间状语从句，即when.years old。She started to play the piano at the age of five =She started to play the piano when she was 5 years old.她5岁时开始弹钢琴。36.Can you show me how to play it？你能演示给我看看怎样拉吗？show的用法show意为”教，演示“show sb sth=show sth to sb，意为”向某人演示某事“She showed the met

40、hod to her students.=She showed her students the method.她向学生演示了那个方法。show给看，展示show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.给某人看某物 Please show me your new bike.=Please show your new bike to me.请把你的新自行车给我看看show引，带，领show.around.带.参观.Let me show you around our school.让我带你参观我们的学校。Study skills&Task37.1 would like to re

41、commend Daniel for this year s Young Star Award.我愿意推荐丹尼尔获得本年度的“新星”奖。 recommend及物动词推荐recommend sb. for.推荐某人获得.奖We recommend her for Youth Award我们推荐她获得青年奖。recommend sb. as/to be.推荐某人担任.We recommend Millie as/to be our monitor. 我们推荐米莉当我们的班长。recommend sth. to sb.向某人推荐某物Im going to recommend the book to

42、you. 我打算把这本书推荐给你。38. He is a member of our Project Hope group and often takes part in activities like collecting clothes and books for children in need.他是我们希望工程小组的一名成员，并经常参加像为在贫困中的孩子们收集衣服和书本这样的活动。1）辨析:take part in Join 与 join in三者都有“参加”之意，但用法不同。take part in常用来指参加群众性活劫、劳动、游行等，并在活动中起一定的作用He took part

43、in a writing competition last summer holiday.去年暑假，他参加了一个写作竞赛。join指参加某个组织并成为该组织中的一员Why not join the Art Club?为什么不加入美术俱乐部呢？join in 通常加入某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动，有时可与take part in互换How interesting the activity is! All of the students want to join in it.这次活动多有趣啊！所有的学生都想参加。3） in need在危难中；在贫困中 其中need用作 不可数名词，意为

44、“（食物、钱等的）短缺,缺乏”。 Lei Feng always helped those people in need. 雷锋总是帮助那些需要帮助的人。need (实义动词）需要,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或v. -ing形式I need your help,我需要你的帮助。You need to eat lots of fruit and vegetables.你需要吃大量的水果和蔬菜。The door needs repairing.门需要修理了。need (情态动词)需要,后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。I neednt do the homework now.我不需要现在做作业

45、。39.Last week, a five-year-old boy lost his way and was crying in the street.上周，一个五岁的 男孩迷了路在街上哭。lose ones way为动词短语，意为迷路，相当于get lost或lose oneself, lose,动词，意为“迷失，丢失，失去”It is very dangerous to lose your way in the forest.=It is very dangerous to get lost in the forest.在森林里面迷路是很危险的。拓展：lose,动词，意为“错过”，相当于

46、miss。Ill try not to lose the chance again.我会尽力不再错失机会。lose,动词，意为“输掉。Finally, our team lost the football match.最后，我们队输掉了这场足球赛。40.We look forward to hearing from you soon.我们盼望尽快收到你的来信。hear from为动词短语，意为收.的来信”，相当于get/receive a letter from, 后面只能接表示人的词。Do you often hear from your pen friend?=Do you often receive/get a letter from your pen friend?你经常收到你笔友的信吗？拓展：hear of/about意为听说”I hear of the young man.