2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题8.docx

《2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题8.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题8.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2022年全型蹲统厂考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a uestion about what is said. The uestion will be read only once, after you hear the uestion, read the

2、 four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You havent had a bite all day. uestion: Whats the matter with the woman You will read:A. She i

3、s sick.C. She is hungry.Here C is the right answer.Now lets begin with uestion Number 1.1. A. At ten next Wednesday.C. At ten next Monday.2. A. A dull pain.C. A burning pain.3. A. He is going to get married.C. He will count on the woman for help.4. A. Pizza is her favorite food.C. She dislikes the m

4、ans idea.5. A. Jacks girlfriend is mad at him.C. Debra is prettier than Jacks girl friend.6. A. It will rain soon.C. She is worried about the weather.7. A. He is a great big-wave surfer.C. He is a nice guy.8. A. $60B. $40A. uit smoking.C. Work out in the gym.B. She is bitten by an ant.D. She spilled

5、 her paint.Sample Answer AB eDB. At three next Wednesday.D. At three next Monday.B. A piercing pain.D. A numb pain.B. He is going to get his bachelors degree.D. He will bring his own booze to the party.B. Pizza is her second choice.D. She couldnt agree with the man more.B. Jack has fallen in love wi

6、th Debra.D. Jack wants to break up with his girlfriend.B. Ifs right to be proposed.D.To be safe, theyd better stay at home.C. He is a trouble-maker.D. He is very weird.D. $360D. $30Go jogging every morning.E. Go on a diet.官方网站：the independence they need to remain in their own homes. It could also re

7、duce the burden of healthcare costs.The disorder that makes Henrys life so difficult is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (DOPD), a condition that affects some 800,000 people in England. The airways in his lungs have narrowed, leaving him with severe shortness of breath and blood oxygen levels t

8、hat can fall dangerously low.With his new euipment, Henry can keep a close eye on how his body is doing. He received for measuring his blood oxygen level and pulse rate, a blood pressure monitor and a set of speaking scales. Each connects wirelessly to a unit collates the readings and sends them to

9、a team of medical specialists, who watch for suspicious changes. If the readings look bad, they call him to discuss appropriate action. Henry too can see the readings on his television, where they are displayed with the help of a special set-top box.Whether a day is good or bad depends largely on He

10、nrys blood oxygen level. Before joining the telehealth program, he could only guess at that. Now he knows if the reading is low, he can take action. When the reading is high, he can go about his business confident that his oxygen level will see him through. Telehealth is a good thing fbr me,“ says H

11、enry. I know that on the other end of the telephone theres a little angel and if anything goes wrong it shows up on the television and shes on the phone within five minutes.z， 76. What can be said of HenryA. His illness was wrongly diagnosed.B. He lived alone without medical care.C. His life was imp

12、roved with telehealth.D. He used to be a professional golf player.77. Henry activates his daily health management .A. with a receipt of the doctors order on his conditionB. by getting hooked up to the monitoring devicesC. by giving a ring to the community doctorD. with the practice of golf swingsAs

13、one of the pioneering patients, Henry.A. receives the most benefits from telehealthB. puts his life in the hands of a medical teamC. seems to carry out well the intents of telehealthD. is actively involved in evaluating telehealth globallyWhat is the most important about the telehealth technology in

14、 the case of HenryA. His illness can be brought back to normal as expected.B. Tt can rid him of the debilitating effects due to his illness,C. It helps him better understand the readings on the television.D. His condition can be kept under continuous surveillance at home.78. Thanks to the telehealth

15、 technology, Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus.A. having a good dayB. building up his confidenceC. getting hospitalized in no timeD. having no trouble doing physical laborPassage FiveWhen it comes to health, which is more important, nature or nurture You may well think your genes are

16、 a more important predictor of health and ill health. Not so fast. In fact, it transpires that our everyday environment outweighs our genetics, big time, when it comes to measuring our risk of disease. The genome is out-welcome the exposure.“The exposure represents everything a person is exposed to

17、in the environment, thats not in the genes,“ says Stephen Rappaport, environmental health scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. That includes stress, diet, lifestyle choices, recreational and medicinal drug use and infections, to name a few. The big difference is that the exposure cha

18、nges throughout life as our bodies, diets and lifestyles change,“ he says.While our understanding of the human genome has been growing at an exponential rate over the last decade, it is not as helpful as we hoped in predicting diseases. Genes only contribute 10 percent to the overall disease burden,

19、“ says Rappaport.Knowing genetic risk factors can prove absolutely futile/ says Jeremy Nicholson at Imperial College London. He points to work by Nina Paynter at the Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, who investigated the effect of 101 genetic markers implicated in heart disease. After following

20、 over 19,000 women for 12 years, she found these markers were not able to predict anything about the incidence of heart disease in this group.On the other hand, the impact of environmental influences is still largely a mystery. Theres an imbalance between our ability to investigate the genome and th

21、e environment/ says Chris Wild, director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, who came up with the idea of the exposure.In reality, most diseases are probably caused by a combination of the two, which is where the exposure comes in. The idea is to have a comprehensive analysis of a pe

22、rson5s full exposure historysays Wild. He hopes a better understanding of exposures will shed a brighter light on disease risk factors.There are likely to be critical periods of exposure in development. For example, the time from birth to 3 years of age is thought to be particularly important. “We k

23、now that this is the time when brain connections are made, and that if you are obese by this age, youll have problems as an adult/7 says Nicholson.79. Rappaport argues that a major threat to our human health .A. lies in our exposureB. is growing to take shapeC. decides our social environmentD. is ch

24、anging with the human genetic evolutionWhat can be said of the exposure according to RappaportA. Static.B. Reliable.C. Predictable.D. Changeable.80. Speaking of genes, Rappaport would say that .A. the human genome project is a mere waste of timeB. there is no such a thing as predictive medicineC. ge

25、netic evolution is almost staticD. we do not live only by our genesEven though we cannot pinpoint the exact impact of environmental influence, Wild contends that.A. we have the exposure contributing significantly to our health or ill healthB. we can strike a balance between the human body and its ex

26、posuresC. each of us leaves a uniue exposure history in the environmentD. we can manage the exposure as expectedParticularly important, according to Nicholson, is the time when.A. obesity occursB. the brain is injuredC. the exposure comes inD. the exposures are not blockedPassage SixPublishing in sc

27、ientific journals is the most common and powerful means to disseminate new research findings. Visibility and credibility in the scientific world reuire publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Most scientis

28、ts in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process, exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments. For science to become maximally influential and productive across the globe, this needs to change.The economy of electronic p

29、ublication, open access, and property rights fuel current academic and policy debates about scientific publishing in the industrialized world. The concerns in the developing world (with few ISI-indexed journals) focus on more fundamental uestions, such as sustaining local research activity and achie

30、ving the appropriate global reach of its science activities.The essence of the African situation is captured by R. J.W.Tijssen,s analysis of publications by African authors, which was based not only on data from ISI indexing databases, but also on publications not indexed in this system. Surprisingl

31、y, half of the South African citations in the indexed ISI literature are to articles in nonindexed, locally published journals. Also, several nonindexed local journals are cited in the ISI system at about the same rate as are indexed journals. The share of indexed articles with at least one author w

32、ith an African address remains steady at about 1%. About half of the ISI-indexed papers with at least one author with an African address have non-African partners outside of the continent. These figures vary, country by country, sometimes in surprising ways. For example, 85% of the papers published

33、from Mali or Gabon involve collaborations on other continents, versus 39% and 29%, respectively, for South African and Egypt, the continents leading research producers. Thus, much of the Africa research system is now highly dependent on collaborations.How can the global reach and potential impact of

34、 scientific research in Africa and other developing countries be optimized Of primary importance is boosting the uality and uantity ofwork that is locally published, through measures including review of submissions by peers research opportunities. A proliferation of journals, short-lived publication

35、s, print-only journals, and poor distribution constitutes a picture that must change. A nationally organized project can probably make the biggest difference, with investment by government and research-support agencies, as well as wide participation by local and regional scientific communities.81. T

36、he author cries for a change in .A. the recognition of new research findings B. the allocation of research resourcesC. the global indexing databaseD. global science publishingAccording to the author, the low international recognition and the impact of scientists of developing countries are attribute

37、d to .A. their reluctance to publish the ISI journalsB. their low involvement in international science activitiesC. their limited publications in global indexing databaseD. their poor understanding of the current scientific practicesThe survey conducted by Tijssen justified the authors view that.A.

38、to publish is to disseminate new research findings across the globeB. new research findings ought be published in the globally indexed journalsC. such importance should be attached to global collaborations in doing scienceD. most scientists in developing countries remain marginalized in global scien

39、ce publishingTo address the current situation, the author argues that it is imperative that.A. developing countries establish a set of standards in science of publishingB. scientists have their own journals in developing countriesC. more scientific studies be both ualified and uantifiedD. uality and

40、 uantity be desired in the local journalsWhich of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Science without BoundariesB. How to Keep Science MovingC. Globalizing Science PublishingD. Globalization and Nationalization试卷二(Paper Two) Part V Writing (20%)Directions: In this part there is an

41、essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary cover the major points of the essay.全科医生培养及开展思路随着医疗卫生事业的不断开展，人们对社区卫生效劳的要求也越来越高。目前我国社区 卫生效劳开展还不平衡。高素质的全科医生fgeneral practitioner)缺乏成为社区卫生开展滞 后的主要原因。标准全科医生培养，大力开展全科医生培训工

42、作势在必行。全科医生在社区 卫生效劳中的功能包括治疗、保健、预防、护理、健康调查、咨询及健康教育等。虽然我国全科医学(general family medicine)已经得到了普及和开展，但其教育与培训的总体水平还存 在一些问题。本文就全科医生的培养和今后的开展做一浅析。全科医生需具备的根本素质全科医生需要较全面的知识。某些严重疾病的早期病症可能比拟轻微，与一些常见、多 发病表现并无太大区别。这就要求全科医生从众多的疾病中筛选可能的情况，因此要求全科 医生临床学科知识面要广。社区卫生工作中，一名合格的全科医生，也应是一名出色的社会 工作者。全科医生效劳的对象是社区内的居民，而且有可能需要长期面

43、对，因此要求全科医 生要有良好的人际关系、协调能力和高度的工作热情，并与患者建立一种亲密而长期的友情，成 为病人家庭的良师益友，而且要具有良好的职业道德。目前全科医生存在的问题全科医生工作热情不高。一方面与专业医生相比，收入与社会地位存在差距；另一方面 工作环境较艰苦，医疗设备落后，导致全科医生的工作热情和人员稳定性不高。合格的全科 医生人员不多。由于全科医学专业在我国开展历史较短，很多医学院校近年刚开设全科医学 的专业。全科医生实际工作能力与居民的要求还有距离，同时社区工作也是在逐渐摸索、完 善过程中，因此社区卫生效劳的工作开展仍不太理想。解决的方法与思考制定全科医学相关领域的政策和规划、社

44、区卫生效劳开展策略和相关人力资源政策，特 别是推动全科医学毕业生致力于社区群众效劳的鼓励机制等，促使全科医疗得到健康持续的 开展。以全科医生岗位培训为重点，低年资的全科医生要进行专科轮转，至少3年，掌握专 科的根本理论和根本技能；高年资的全科医生可通过远程教育，参加各省、市中心培训机构 组织临床技能培训，逐步提高技术水平。各省、市可以根据实际需要，增加一些社区工作急 需的培训内容。对局部根底较好的医生进行重点培养，然后由这些合格的全科医生再去培养 的全科医生，促进全科医生的全面提高，进而提高防治社区常见疾病、解决社区健康问题的 能力，到达全科医生的岗位要求。2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试

45、题答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1-5: BBADASection B16-20: ABACDPart II VocabularySection A31-35: ADBCBSection B:41-45: DBDACPart III Cloze51-55: BDBAC6-10: BBDCB21-25:DCBDC36-40: BCACD46-50: ACBCA56-60: BBABD11-15: AACCB26-30: CBDACPart IV Reading ComprehensionPassage one61-65: AD ACCPassa

46、ge two66-70: AACDCPassage three71-75: CDACDPassage four76-80: CBADCPassage five81-85: ADDCCPassage six86-90: DCDDCPartV Writing 略C. 132.D. 332.B. He fell in love with Mary at first sight.D.He wont teach Mary chemistry.B. Take out the trash.D. Go to court for a lawsuit.B. At school.D. To the dorm.10.

47、 A. 100.B. 232.11. A. Mary isnt his type.C. Mary was not pretty enough.12. A. Play tennis.C. Play computer games.13. A. In the school.C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.B. She has to look after her husband at home.C. She will persuade her husband to go to hospital.D. She will be taken go

48、od care of by her sister and daughter.15. A. She makes a living now as a dressmaker.B. She makes a living now as a landlady.C. She worries a lot about her health.D. She now lives on her pension.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five uestions. After each uestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. DialogueB. Stomach ulcer.D. A skin ulcer.