2022年-年考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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1、2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations._1 , when do

2、ne too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but t

3、hinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress T was making in the gym. Tt takes about three weeks to a month to not

4、ice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these_9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less impo

5、rtant for me to H my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 1 3 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same

6、, but I m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I rn experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a

7、18 morning weigh-in. I ve also experiencedA U. S. Agriculture in DeclineB Import Food or LaborC America Saved by MexicoD Manpower vs. AutomationText 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It s easy to beat plastic. They re part of a bunch of celebrities starring

8、 in a new video for World Environment Day - encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a cal 1 for governments to enact legislation

9、to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomp

10、lish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit“ without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions - a kind of amoral licensing that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.Wh

11、ile the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push fo

12、r real systemic change.It s important to acknowledge that the environment isn, t everyone, s priority - or even most people, s. We shouldn, t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way t

13、o collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmental ly problematic action, or banning single-use plastics al together. India has just announced it will “eliminate

14、all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn, t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It s just that individual action

15、s are too s 1 ow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It s just about putting things into perspective. We don t have time to wait. We need progressive pol icies that shape collective action (an

16、d rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to .A demand new laws on the use of plasticsB urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.

17、 The author is concerned that umoral licensing may .A mislead us into doing worthless thingsB prevent us from making further effortsC weaken our sense of accomplishmentD suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity “citizens” , the author indicates that .A our focus should be shif

18、ted to community welfareB our relationship with local industries is improvingC wc have been actively exercising our civil rightsD we should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be .A a win-win arrangementB a self-driven mechanism

19、C a cost-effective approachD a top-down process40. The author concludes that individual efforts .A can be too aggressiveB can be too inconsistentC are far from sufficientD are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its cor

20、responding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In choosing a new home, Camille McClainJ s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain s little ones aren, t the only kids who have an opinion when it come

21、s to housing, and in many cases youngsters, views weigh heavily on parents real estate decisions, according to a 2022 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-gcncration proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, real ty agents and ps

22、ychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical p

23、sychologist in Chicago.uChildren may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, he said.Greg Jaroszewski, real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he s not convinced that kids should be invol

24、ved in selecting a home - but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they re choosing their home - without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New

25、 York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren, t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based i

26、n Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions. z， Hampson said.The other issue is that many c

27、hildren - especially older ones - may base their real state knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norri s Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us, he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It s not shelter, it s a

28、 lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analys

29、t with FitSmallBusiness .uTheir opinions can change tomorrow, Gurner said. uHarsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child, s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best -and give them an opportunity t

30、o customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.A remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.41. Ryan HooperB says that it is wise t

31、o leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.42. Adam BaileyC advises that home purchases should not be based only on children, s opinions.43. Tracey HampsonD thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.44. Aaron NorrisE notes that aspects like childre

32、n s friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.45. Julie GurnerF believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children, s needs rather than their opinions.G assumes that many children, s views on real estate are influenced by the media.Section III Translation46. Dire

33、ctions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Tt is easy to underestimate Engl ish wri ter James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I co

34、uld write a book. I just haven t the time. w Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game . While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that h

35、e gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his s

36、uccess in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 w

37、ords on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET

38、. (15 points)2022年考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English.D 6 . B 7 . A 8 . D1 1. A1 1. A2. D 13.B 1 4. A5. C 1 6. D 1 7. C 1 8. ASectionIIReading ComprehensionPart APart AText 1Text 12125CBDBDText 22630D D B ACText 33r35CD BABText 43640B B D DCPart B41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. FRather than 20 over the sc

39、ale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.ABesidesBThereforeC OtherwiseDHowever2. AhelpsBcaresC warnsDreduces3. AinitiallyBsolelyC occasional 1yDformal 1y4. ArecordingBloweringC explainingDaccepting5.AmodifyBsetC reviewDreach6.AdefinitionBdepict

40、ionC distributionDprediction7.Adue toBregardless ofC aside fromDalong with8.AorderlyBrigidC preciseDimmediate9.AclaimsBjudgmentsC reasonsDmethods10.AinsteadBthoughC againDindeed11.AtrackBoverlookC concealDreport12.Adepend onBapprove ofC hold ontoDaccount for13.AshareBadjustC confirmDprepare14.Aresul

41、tsBfeaturesC rulesDtests15.AboredBanxiousC hungryDsick16.AprincipleBsecretC beliefDsign17.ArequestBnecessityC decisionDwish18. AdisappointingBsurprisingC restrictingDconsuming19.AifBunlessC untilDbecause20.AobsessingBdominatingC puzzlingDtriumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Re

42、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Uni ike so-cal led basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, gui 11 emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child s growing grasp of social

43、 and moral norms. Children aren, t born knowing how to say I m sorry” ; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular im

44、agination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted wi th stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. aThere has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,，z says Amris

45、ha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren, t binary - feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to import

46、ant inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in thi

47、s light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. Tn a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may m