南京市21-22学年鼓楼区8B期末试卷（解析）.docx

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1、本卷考试时间100分钟 总分100分第一卷 选择题（满分50分）一、听力（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（略）二、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A B、C D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. Do you know the boy called Jack?Of course. Weve known each other _ we were nine or ten.A. beforeB. sinceC. untilD. when【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你认识那个叫杰克的男孩吗？当然了。我们从九岁或十岁就认识了。考查连词辨析。befor

2、e在之前；since自从；until直到；when当的时候。由“we were nine or ten”可知，此处表达“自从我们九岁或十岁时”；分析句子可知，本句为现在完成时，“since”可用于现在完成时表示“自从”。故选B。2. How expensive the magazine is! Fashion magazines cost much, _ if they have lots of colour pictures.A. especiallyB. mostlyC. mainlyD. exactly【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这本杂志多贵啊！时尚杂志很贵，尤其是有很多彩色图片的杂

3、志。考查副词。especially尤其是；mostly主要地；mainly主要地；exactly准确地。根据下文“if they have lots of colour pictures”可知，此处是对上文时尚杂志很贵的进步解释与说明，故应用especially。故选A。3. To avoid bad experiences, it is important to know the cultural _ between countries when travelling abroad.A. backgroundsB. programmesC. differencesD. conditions【

4、答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：为了避免不愉快的经历，在出国旅行时了解国家间的文化差异很重要。考查名词。backgrounds背景；programmes节目；differences差异；conditions条件。根据下文“when travelling abroad”可知，在国外旅行时会遇到文化差异。故选C。4. Shall we hold a charity show to raise money for _?Thats a good idea. We can help some blind children in poor areas.A. UNICEFB. OxfamC. WWFD. OR

5、BIS【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我们要不要举办一场慈善演出来为奥比斯募款？这是个好主意。我们可以帮助一些贫困地区的盲童。考查名词辨析。UNICEF联合国儿童基金组织；Oxfam牛津赈灾委员会；WWF世界自然基金会；ORBIS奥比斯（一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的慈善机构）。由“ We can help some blind children”可推断帮助盲童应捐款到奥比斯。故选D。5. Daniel, can you _ what British humour means?British people usually laugh at themselves to make o

6、ther people feel less nervous.A. expectB. excuseC. expressD. explain【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：丹尼尔，你能解释一下英式幽默是什么意思吗？英国人通常会自嘲来让别人不那么紧张。考查动词辨析。expect期望；excuse原谅；express表达；explain解释。根据“what British humour means?”可推断此处表达“解释英式幽默的意思”。故选D。6. Why not buy some rice, oil and noodles in the supermarket? Dont worry. The g

7、overnment makes sure that daily items _ at this moment.A. are soldB. will be soldC. are sellingD. have sold【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：为什么不在超市买些米饭、油和面条呢？ 别担心。政府确保日常用品在此时有售。考查时态及语态。根据语境可知，从句主语“items”与动词sell之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，C、D选项可排除。根据句中“at this moment”提示，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。7. The apples look so lovely. Can we pic

8、k some?-Better not. Its not harvest time now. Just _ them there till they turn red.A. leaveB. to leaveC. leavingD. left【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：苹果看起来很可爱。我们能挑一些吗？最好不要。现在不是收获的时候。把它们放在那里直到它们变红。考查动词用法。分析句子可知此处为祈使句，由“Its not harvest time now. ”可推断后句表达“把它们留在树上吧”，祈使句肯定式用动词原形。故选A。8. Your Gullivers Travels seems like

9、 an old one. How long have you had it? Quite a few years, but I forget when I _ it.A. have boughtB. have hadC. was buyingD. bought【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：你的格列佛游记看起来像一本旧书。你买多久了？好几年了，但我忘了是什么时候买的。考查动词时态。由“I forget when”可知此处表达“我忘记什么时候买的了”，“买书”已经发生过了，故时态为一般过去时。故选D。9. Must we hand in the exercise when the class i

10、s over, sir?Im afraid so. You _ finish it in fifteen minutes.A. canB. mayC. willD. have to【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：老师，下课后我们必须交练习吗？恐怕是的。你必须在十五分钟内完成它。考查情态动词。can能够；may可以；will会；have to不得不。由“Im afraid so.”可知这里表达“你必须15分钟之后完成”。故选D。10. Sally decided to work to make men and women equal in science. What is the correct

11、 order of the following four sentences to help form a paragraph? She wanted to show girls it is good to study science. She also created Web sites. She wrote science books. She even started a girls science club.A. -B. -C. -D. -【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：莎莉决定努力使男女在科学上平等。 以下四个句子组成段落的正确顺序是什么？考查常识。She wanted to sho

12、w girls it is good to study science她想让女孩们知道学习科学是件好事；She also created Web sites她还创建了网站；She wrote science books她写了科学书籍；She even started a girls science club她甚至成立了一个女生科学俱乐部。根据常识可知，先要让了解学习科学的好处，所以排在第一位。根据句中的also和句中的even可知，和一定不是排在第二位，由此可推断排在第二位，接下来是，最后是，故选A。11. Can you give me some more advice to deal wi

13、th the problem? Sorry, I have_of my ideas.A. got outB. run outC. cut outD. taken out【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你能再给我一些建议来处理这个问题吗？对不起，我已经没有主意了。考查动词短语。got out出去；run out耗尽，用完；cut out切断；taken out取出。根据“Sorry,”可知，是不能给别人建议，即主意已经用完了。故选B。12. What should you do in public places when you are in the UK?A. Push in before o

14、thers.B. Keep your voice down.C. Stand close to others when queuing.D. Greet people with a kiss.【答案】B【解析】【详解】题意：当你在英国时，你应该在公共场所做什么？考查常识。Push in before others.在别人前面插队；Keep your voice down.压低你的声音；Stand close to others when queuing.排队时站得离别人近些；Greet people with a kiss.用亲吻问候他人。根据常识可知，在英国公共场合中应该压低声音，不要吵到他

15、人。故选B。13. Look at the message on the right. What does it say? A. Dad called the coach to change the time.B. Nicks lesson will be finished at 6 oclock.C. Nicks lesson this week is on a different day.D. The swimming coach wont give Nick lessons.【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：看右边的信息。上面说什么？考查情景交际。根据表格内容可知，Nick这周的游泳课由周

16、四变成了周二，故选C。14. I got a B on Biology. I thought it would be an A. _ Youre doing better at least. You got a C last term.A. What a pity!B. What a shame!C. Come on.D. Bad luck!【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我在生物学上得了 B。 我以为会是A。加油。至少你做得更好。 你上学期得了C。考查情景交际。What a pity真遗憾；What a shame多可惜；Come on加油；Bad luck运气不好。根据“Youre doi

17、ng better at least. You got a C last term”可知此处是鼓励对方，选项C符合语境。故选C。15. My cousin read a book on driving last month and now he thinks he can drive. Really? _A. A golden key can open any door.B. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.C. A good beginning makes a good ending.D. A journey of a thousand mil

18、es begins with one step.【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我的表弟上个月读了一本关于驾驶的书，现在他认为他可以开车了。真的吗？一知半解是一件危险的事情。考查习语。A golden key can open any door.金钥匙可以打开任何一扇门；A little knowledge is a dangerous thing一知半解是一件危险的事情；A good beginning makes a good ending好的开始有好的结局；A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step千里之行始于足下。由“My co

19、usin read a book on driving last month and now he thinks he can drive.”可知此处表达“读了一点驾驶类书籍就觉得自己会开车”，用“一知半解”来表达符合句意。故选B。三、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Have you heard of “the greenhouse effect” or “global warming”? As we burn natural gas, oil and coal, we release

20、(排放) CO2 and other _16_ gases called “greenhouse gases” into the air. These gases act like a blanket to trap the earths heat in the atmosphere (大气层). The _17_ is that both land and sea temperatures rise. _18_ is “global warming” a bad thing? The answer is that as the Earth warms up, the balance (平衡)

21、 of nature changes and there will be more natural disasters, _19_ typhoons, floods and storms.Many of the plants we eat do not grow well _20_ the temperature is high. As a result many people may die of hunger. Many plants and animals will also die out._21_ of all, the huge amounts of ice in the Arct

22、ic and Antarctic will start to melt (融化). This _22_ the rise of the sea level. Millions of people in low-lying countries may have to move to countries above the new sea level. People in countries that are too hot may try to move to cooler countries.Wind power, water power, and solar power are clean

23、resources that do not _23_greenhouse gases. Many people buy electric cars because they are _24_ to the environment. Global warming is a real problem. However, many people and governments are not taking it _25_ enough. We must stop the production of greenhouse gases before our Earth gets into more tr

24、ouble.16. A. harmfulB. naturalC. usefulD. special17. A. answerB. accidentC. situationD. result18. A. HowB. WhatC. WhyD. When19. A. for exampleB. such asC. because ofD. just as20. A. untilB. beforeC. ifD. so21. A. LeastB. WorstC. FirstD. Most22. A. carries onB. opens upC. helps withD. leads to23. A.

25、separateB. includeC. provideD. produce24. A. friendlyB. closeC. cheapD. open25. A. carefullyB. seriouslyC. closelyD. wisely【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B【解析】【导语】本文介绍了“温室气体”产生的原因及危害。【16题详解】句意：当我们燃烧天然气、石油和煤炭时，我们会向空气中释放二氧化碳和其他被称为“温室气体”的有害气体。harmful有害的；natural自然的；useful有

26、用的；special特殊的。根据“greenhouse gases”可知，这是有害的气体。故选A。【17题详解】句意：结果是陆地和海洋温度都上升了。answer答复；accident事故；situation情况；result结果。根据“that both land and sea temperatures rise.”可知，这是“温室气体”导致的结果。故选D。【18题详解】句意：为什么“全球变暖”是一件坏事？How怎样；What什么；Why为什么；When什么时候。根据“The answer is that as the Earth warms up, the balance (平衡) of

27、nature changes and there will be more natural disasters,”可知，这里是问“全球变暖”是一件坏事的原因。故选C。【19题详解】句意：答案是，随着地球变暖，自然平衡发生变化，将会有更多的自然灾害，如台风、洪水和风暴。for example例如，用于一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末；such as例如，用于常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不全部列出；because of因为；just as正如。根据“typhoons, floods and storms.”可知，这里列举了“全球变暖”的危害，中间没

28、有标点符号，因此用such as。故选B。【20题详解】句意：如果温度高，我们吃的许多植物生长不好。until直到；before之前；if如果；so所以。句子“the temperature is high.”是“Many of the plants we eat do not grow well”的条件，因此用if引导。故选C。【21题详解】句意：最糟糕的是，北极和南极的大量冰将开始融化。Least最少的；Worst最糟的；First第一；Most最多的。根据“the huge amounts of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic will start to

29、melt (融化).”可知，这是“全球变暖”最糟糕的。故选B。【22题详解】句意：这导致海平面上升。carries on继续进行；opens up打开；helps with有助于；leads to导致。根据“the rise of the sea level.”可知，这是“全球变暖”导致的结果。故选D。【23题详解】句意：风力、水力和太阳能是不产生温室气体的清洁资源。separate分离；include包括；provide提供；produce生产。根据“Wind power, water power, and solar power are clean resources that do no

30、tgreenhouse gases.”可知，风力、水力和太阳能是不产生温室气体的。故选D。【24题详解】句意：许多人购买电动汽车是因为它们对环境友好。friendly友爱的；close关闭的；cheap便宜的；open开着的。根据“Many people buy electric cars because they areto the environment.”可知，电动汽车对环境是好的。故选A。25题详解】句意：然而，许多人和政府并没有足够认真地对待这一问题。carefully小心地；seriously认真地；closely紧密地；wisely明智地。根据“Global warming is

31、 a real problem.”及后文的However, 判断，应该是许多人和政府并没有足够认真地对待这一问题。故选B。四、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAli is interested in finding out about how to help animals in his neighbourhood.Animal HomeWe provide a home for cats and dogs whose owners dont want them any more. We need

32、young people to help us clean out the cages and prepare food. Ramon lives by the sea. He is worried about pollution there and he wants to do something about it.Wildlife WatchOur monthly outings will offer you a chance to take a close look at the local wildlife. Come and join us! Harper cares much ab

33、out how to deal with the waste in her school. She wants to organize some events.Beach Clean-up ClubWe need more young people to help us pick up all the plastic bottles and bags on the beach. We also clear oil from the sand and rocks and check to see if the water is clean. Saffia is an animal-lover.

34、She is crazy about watching wild animals.Zero Waste ClubStart a recycling club at your school. Join our online community and share ideas. The purpose is to make your school a zero waste area. 26. Who is the right person for Beach Clean-up Club?A. Saffia.B. Harper.C. Ali.D. Ramon.27. Students can tak

35、e part in the events organized by _ to make their school green.A. Animal HomeB. Wildlife WatchC. Beach Clean-up ClubD. Zero Waste Club【答案】26. D 27. D【解析】【导语】本文左侧介绍四个人想做的事情，右侧是四个组织或俱乐部的需求。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Ramon lives by the sea. He is worried about pollution there and he wants to do something about it

36、.”可知Ramon是海滩清理俱乐部的合适人选，故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Start a recycling club at your school. Join our online community and share ideas. The purpose is to make your school a zero waste area.”（在你的学校建立一个回收俱乐部。 加入我们的在线社区并分享想法。 目的是使您的学校成为零废物区。）可知学生可以参加零废物俱乐部组织的活动，故选D。BWe celebrated Earth Day in my city last week. T

37、he idea of this special day began in the 1960 when life was very different. Few people talked, or even thought, about the environment. Most people had no idea how dirty our air and water were. This worried Gaylord Nelson, who was a senator (参议员) in the US government, and he had an idea. If people ar

38、ound the world knew the Earth was in danger, they might work harder to save it, so he just needed to get their attention (注意). The first Earth Day was just in the United States, but it led to events every year all around the world on April 22 or the nearest weekend depending on where you are.In my c

39、ity, last Saturday afternoon lots of people rode their bikes from the park, around the town together and back to the park, spending as much time as they possibly could, so that the cars had to wait. Then we talked to all the drivers in cars which just had one person in them, to explain how wasteful

40、that is and how much pollution it causes. The idea was to make people think about how much they use their cars. In other places, people collected plastic bags for a week and then made a pile of them in the town square. You can do anything as long as it makes people of all ages come together for a fe

41、w hours and talk about the environment. Last year we had a big music event for young people. Some people said it was a waste of time, but there was information for people to read and announcements (公告) between the bands about how to help protect the environment.28. What is the writer trying to do?A.

42、 To introduce different events for Earth Day.B. To explain why Earth Day happens every year.C. To ask people to take part in this years Earth Day.D. To offer advice to people organizing an Earth Day event.29. What happened on Earth Day this year in the writers city?A. People rode slowly through the

43、streets.B. Cars were not allowed in the city centre.C. Cars had to have more than one person in them.D. There was a big music event about car pollution.30. What does the writer think is the most important thing about Earth Day events?A. There should be some music.B. They should last all day long.C.

44、Young people should show interest.D. People should take an active part.31. Which sentence may we read in tomorrows newspaper about Earth Day?A. The first Earth Day was unsuccessful to the organizers.B. Earth Day events are on the same day in countries around the world.C. Many more countries take par

45、t in Earth Day now than when it first began.D. Gaylord Nelson travelled around the world to advise people to organize events on the first arth Day.【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了起源于美国的“地球日”如今在世界各地都有人参与，人们举办了各种活动来庆祝“地球日”并保护环境。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据原文“but it led to events every year all aroun

46、d the world on April 22”可知，文中作者想要描述的是每年4月22日“地球日”全球各地会举办的活动。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据原文“Then we talked to all the drivers in cars which just had one person in them, to explain how wasteful that is and how much pollution it causes”可知，作者所在的城市“地球日”这天会让只坐一人的汽车提高载人数量，避免浪费和造成更多的污染。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据原文“You can

47、do anything as long as it makes people of all ages come together for a few hours and talk about the environment”可知，“地球日”不论进行什么活动都好，只要积极参与进来就行了。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据原文“The first Earth Day was just in the United States, but it led to events every year all around the world on April 22 or the nearest weekend depending on