专题16.第十六章 定语从句（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）.docx

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1、第十六章定语从句初中知识回顾回顾：定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。1.通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,the

2、only,the very,the last等修饰时。(3)如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。2.通常只用which的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。3.who,whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,thos

3、e,all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用which.。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用which。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+which/whom”结构。4.关系副词where,when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。5.介词+关系代词当关系代词作介词的宾语，且该介词不是和从句

4、的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。1.Everyone was surprised at the photos定语从句were taken by Mr.Thomas in the deep sea.(D)A.whoB./C.whatD.which2.(2021滨州,27)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only on

5、e is well worth reading.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whatB【解析】句意:在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一值得一读的一本。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处后面的内容修饰the only one作定语,先行词指物,关系代词用that。故选B。3.(2021湖南怀化,28)Do you know the woman wears a blue skirt?Oh,shes my aunt.A.whichB.whoC.whatB【解析】句意:你认识那个穿蓝色短裙的女人吗?哦,她是我姑姑。本题考查定语从句。先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故应该用who或th

6、at。故答案为B。4.(2021云南,32)Yuan Longping is a great scientist was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.A.whenB.whoC.whichD.whoseB【解析】本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientist,从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人,所以关系词用who, 故选B。5.(2021青海,36)Chaka Salt Lake is known as the Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.

7、A.whereB.whichC.whoB【解析】考查定语从句。依据语境可知设空处引导定语从句,并且在从句中作主语,先行词为Chaka Salt Lake,指物。故选B。6.(2021黑龙江绥化,23)I like smart clothes are made of silk.A.whoB.whichC.whatB【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词clothes指物,关系词在从句中作主语。故选B。高中定语从句一. 定义定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句 起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子

8、成分的三重作用二. 关系代词引导的定语从句 who/that：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (在从句中作主语和宾语)先行词为是人的名词或代词 whom：He is the man whom/who/ that I saw yesterday. (在从句中作宾语) whose：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. (在从句中作定语) which/that: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before a

9、ppears先行词是事物的名词或代词 (在从句中作主语和宾语)in the countryside. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to fall down. whose: Please pass me the book whose （of which the）cover is green. (在从句中作定语)考点一 考查关系代词引导的定语从句1. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)A.

10、who B. whom C. whose D. whoever2. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom3. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. (全国)A. which B. that C. where D. it4. Whenever I met her, _ w

11、as fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)A. who B. which C. when D. that1C。【解析】在所给的四个关系代词中，只有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选C。又如：A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。2B。【解析】their是物主代词，不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以不能选;在其余三个选 项中，只有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选B。句意为：许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他们在 家乡被照顾得

12、很好。3A。【解析】由于两个句子之间没有并列连词，所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词，不能用作 主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中用作主语。又如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。4B。【解析】that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，故可排除;when是关系副词，不用作主语，故 也可排除;who用于指人，但这里的定语从句不是修饰her，而是修饰whenever I met her，故不能用who， 此处应用which。又如：He said that he had never seen her

13、before, which was not true. 他说他从 没见到过她，这是不真实的。三. 关系副词引导的定语从句 when: There are occasions when （on which）one must yield. (介词+ which)先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词 where: Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. (关系副词在从句中作状语) why: Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?1 This is the mountain vi

14、llage where I stayed last year. 2. This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year.3. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.4. Ill never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside.四.判断关系代词与关系副词1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 1. This

15、 museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 2. This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词

16、。 考点一 考查关系副词引导的定语从句1. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (上海卷)A. where B. when C. there D. which2. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)A. that B. when C. which D. where3. Life is like a long race _

17、 we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重庆卷)A. why B. what C. that D. where4. Shell never forget her stay there, _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)A. that B. which C. where D. when5. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6

18、,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since1A。【解析】由于定语从句he composed “The Magic Flute”的主语和宾语是完整的 ，所以不能选D；when指时间，不用于修饰表地点的先行词the house，故也不能选;而there不是关系词， 不能引导定语从句。2D。【解析】由于定语从句they can see themselves differently的主语和宾语是完整的，所以不能选A和C；when指时间，不用于修饰表地点的先行词a situation，故也不能选。3D。【解析】由于定语从句we com

19、pete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子结构是完整 的，不缺主语或宾语，所以不能选C； why引导定语从句，其先行词只能是the reason，而不用于其他场合 ，故不能选;what不是关系词，不能用于引导定语从句，故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句，修饰名词 race，相当于in which。句意为：人生就像一场长途赛跑，在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。4D。【解析】that不用于引导非限制性定语从句，故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句 中充当主语或宾语，与本题的句子结构不符，故也被排除;where引导定语从句时，其前先行词只

20、能是表示 地点的名词，而本题的先行词her stay there(她待在那儿期间)不是表地点，而是表时间，故C也可排除; 关系副词when在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词her stay。句意为：她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的 那段时间，在此其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。5B。【解析】when在此用于引导定语从句，修饰名词days。此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词 when之间被are gone，容易误解句子结构。句意为：由于金融危机，当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的 日子已经过去了。五关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： （错）Th

21、e tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, fe

22、w, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 Is there anything that I can do for you? All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 My necklace is not the only thing that is missing

23、.d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.The first thing that we should do is to get some food.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.六定语从句中只用which而不用that情况当关系代词前有介词时：This is the ho

24、use of which the windows face south.引导非限制性定语从句只用which。which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。Tom came back, which made us happy.His dog, which was very old, became ill.先行词是that, those且指物时，关系词用which。Whats that which was bright in the car?一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borro

25、wed from the library which was newly open to us.随堂练习一.单句填空1.In 1984,Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream.【答案】who2.He said, “.I added a small moustache, would add age without hiding my expression.”【答案】which3.The act, forbids trading, was p

26、assed in 1448 and is still in force.【答案】which4.Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, I found some very good Chinese restaurants.【答案】where5.As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those live in downtown areas without enough parkin

27、g spaces.【答案】who6.Now millions of fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final season, starts on April 14. 【答案】which7.After living in Australia for many years,Louise finally returned to the countryshe was born.【答案】where8.There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and many ordina

28、ry peopleplay less seriously.【答案】who9.He was a great scientist and an extraordinary manwork and legacy will live on for many years.【答案】whose10.That is an Oxford college,famous graduates include the late Benazir Bhutto.【答案】whose11.But its not like many other countriesthere seems to be tension among t

29、he different cultures.【答案】where12.Then, a fire, broke out in 1969 on Clevelands Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water.【答案】which13.Pupils, usually come from the fifth or sixth grade, are divided into different teams and try to write down every word according to its

30、pronunciation. 【答案】who14.I am already looking forward to their next visit I can show them more of what Seville offers.【答案】when二.单句改错15.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination, that makes me worried.【答案】thatwhich16.I have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but

31、 has a pet dog, Sparky.【答案】shewho17.In the year 2013 which I was 15, I joined an exchange student program.【答案】whichwhen18.Its a black square suitcase, what is just as big as a schoolbag.【答案】whatwhich19.When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a university

32、.【答案】whomwho三1.(2019江苏,21)We have entered into an agedreams have the best chance of coming true.【答案】when2.(2019天津,11)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.【答案】where3.(2018北京,5)She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.【答案】which4.(2018天津,2)Kate,s

33、ister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.【答案】whose5.(2018江苏,23)Self-driving is an areaChina and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.【答案】where6.(2017天津,9)My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.【答案】whose7.

34、(2017江苏,28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.【答案】whose8.(2016北京,22)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.【答案】whose9.(2016天津,9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.【

35、答案】when10.(2016浙江,11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.【答案】which11.(2015北京,24)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,you can hear some lovely music.【答案】where12.(2015江苏,21)The number of smokers,is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

36、【答案】as13.(2015天津,15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.【答案】where14.(2015安徽,28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.【答案】which15.(2015福建,34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that mor

37、e and more people all over the world want to learn about China.【答案】which16.(2015陕西,15)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.【答案】when17.(2015四川,3)The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.【答案】whose四There was a time1I

38、 was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason2my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and

39、wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide,4teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from5I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and se

40、t down a series of activities6we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into8I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to s

41、leep,I recall the passages,through9I can memorize a large number of new words.10our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will master English sooner or later.”1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.【答案】1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.which6.that/which7.who8.which9.which10.As 11 / 11学科网（北京）股份有限公司