示例解析10 含有It的句型或There be等构成的长难句-高考英语长难句典型结构示例与解析(通用版).doc

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1、教育资源分享店铺 网址： 微信号：kingcsa333高考英语长难句典型结构示例与解析(通用版) 10含有It的句型或There be等构成的长难句1.Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better 【句式翻译】噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要

2、使用消声器这不仅减轻了轿车的重量，而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。【句式分析】这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句，代替整个上文的内容。非限制性定语从句的两个谓语动词是一个由not onlybut also 连接的并列结构。【词语点拨】reduce v.减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原The new governments prime task is to reduce the level of inflation. 新政府的首要任务是降低通货膨胀的水平。 We need to reduce our dependence on oil

3、as a source of energy. 在能源方面,我们需要减少对石油的依赖。 【语法点拨】非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”：通常不能用that引导。如：I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。如：I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 不能用which引导从句置于句首。如：She heard a terrible noise

4、, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如：I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat down reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐下看报纸。 指人的关系代词作宾语时，只用宾格whom; 不用who替换，也不能省。如： Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。2.However, m

5、uch more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. 【句式翻译】但是，与其说是建筑和物品，倒不如说是那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓像，使得这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。 【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句中的主语是被强调部分，它带有自己的定语从句，由who引导。除采用强调句型来强调主语外，该句还用了more than来加重对the form

6、s of the people who的强调语气。【词语点拨】1) be caught in v.陷入；卷入；遭遇（困难、不幸）We were caught in the storm and got wet through. 我们遇上大雨全都被浇透了。2) monument n.给某人树立的纪念碑They raised a monument to the national hero. 他们为那位民族英雄树了纪念碑。【语法点拨】morethan的三个用法：“比更多”，more为many或much的比较级，表示数量，后接名词。如：I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的

7、错误比你多。“比更”，more后接多音节形容词或副词，构成比较级，对两者比较。如：Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving. 乘火车旅行比开汽车轻松得多。“与其说不如说”，不是对两个对象进行比较，而是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用morethan。如：He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。He is more (a) scholar than (a) teacher. 与其说他是位教师，不如说是位学者。3.Although

8、Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 【句式翻译】虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，although引导的让步状语从句在前，而逗号

9、后面的主句是一个强调句，对句子的主语进行强调。【词语点拨】1) immigrant n.移民（强调“到某国定居”，其后常接介词in）California has many immigrants from other states. 加利福尼亚有许多来自其他州的移民。对比：emigrant n.移民（强调“从某国离去”，其后常接介词from）A ship full of emigrants will soon leave for Canada.一条载满移居外国者的船很快就要开往加拿大了。【语法点拨】运用强调句型时要注意时态问题。4.You must be aware that it is her

10、e that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 【句式翻译】你们想必都很清楚, 正是在这个地方, 我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，主句You must be aware that中的that引导的是it is herethatof the world这一含有强调句型的宾语从句，其中还有who引导的定语从句修饰people。【词语点拨】evidence n.证据；证词；根据；迹象 v.证明；证实There w

11、asnt enough evidence to prove his guilt. 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。【语法点拨】强调句型如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。如：It was in the Peoples Park that I met the old couple taking photos of flowers.正是在人民公园里我遇到了那对正在给花拍照的老夫妇。5.Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-storey car parks, dri

12、ve-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to suit the needs of car owners.【句式翻译】在美国无论你去哪儿，你都能发现高速公路、多层停车场、汽车影院、甲车通过式快餐店，所有这些都是为了满足开车人的需求。 【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句是you can find，从句是句首的Wherever you go作让步状语，主句后还有一个被逗号分隔开来的独立主格结构作状语。【词语点拨】suit the needs of v.满足某人的需求We must try to suit /me

13、et / satisfy the needs of the ordinary consumers. 我们一定要设法满足普通消费者的要求。【语法点拨】独立主格结构，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，而是由具有逻辑主谓关系的两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。如：His homework having been finished, he went home. 作业完成后，他回家了。 The baby fell from the bed, blood coming dow

14、n from his face, crying loudly. 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。6.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom. 【句式翻译】我们花了半个小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水里托着詹姆斯。 【句式分析】该句的主干是由and连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有it took (sb) s

15、ome time to do句式，第二分句含有when引导的时间状语从句来表示主句I saw的发生时间。【词语点拨】hold up 举起；支撑；阻挡；抢劫The train was held up by heavy fog. 火车因大雾而受阻。【语法点拨】It took (sb) some time to do这个句型是表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”, 主语是物。这里的“it”是形式主语，“to do ”才是真正的主语。take后面除了加一段时间外，还可以加表示“精力、力气、勇气”等名词。如果是表示花费的金钱、牺牲的健康等含义，要用动词cost。如：It took me 20 minutes

16、to read the book. 读这本书花了我20分钟的时间。It cost us 450,000 yuan to buy this large house. 买这套房花了我们45万元钱。7.They realize that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is - most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. 【句式翻译】他们意识到，与产品相关联的

17、理念多么吸引人并不重要 -多数人都知道广告的主要目的就是让消费者花钱。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，第一个that引导realize的宾语从句，该宾语从句中含有一个由it做形式主语代替真正的主语how attractive is。破折号后也是个复合句，起解释的作用，第二个that引导的是know的宾语从句。【词语点拨】linkto /with 把连接、联系起来。【语法点拨】it做形式主语，除了可以代替动词不定式短语和动名词短语外，还经常代替从句，起到平衡句子结构的作用。常见典型句式有： It + be +形容词/名词词组（surprising, a fact, a pity, a questi

18、on）+主语从句如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 很遗憾你没看到那场激动人心的足球赛。 It + be +过去分词（believed, expected, hoped, reported, said等）+主语从句。如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. 据报道有16人在地震中死亡。It +不及物动词 (seem, appear, happen等) +主语从句。如：It happened that I was out when h

19、e called. 当他打电话时我刚好出去了。8.Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. 【句式翻译】因此，我们表达想法的初稿居然显得如此简单，这按说并不该让人感到意外。 【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语从句由that引导放在表语surprising后面。【词语点拨】attempt v.企图；尝试 n.企图；试图。 【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替从句。9.It takes courage to be

20、honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. 【句式翻译】当我们周围的人考试作弊、对父母撒谎、上班偷窃却侥幸未被发现时，我们要想诚实需要极大的勇气。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语是to be honest; when引导的从句直至句尾，是takes的时间状语从句。【词语点拨】get away with v.侥幸逃脱(惩罚)For such a serious offence

21、 he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严重的过失,却侥幸只交罚款了事。【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替动词不定式短语。10.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than3 millionthey were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. 【句式翻译】让所有人惊讶的是Hatch夫妇有这么多的钱-300多万美元，而他们仅

22、仅是住在一对被遗留下来的家庭农场上的一个老房子里的老年夫妇。 【句式分析】该句是复合句。it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。破折号后面的也是一个复合句，起解释前文的作用，其中who引导的是couple的定语从句，what引导的是介词on的宾语从句。【词语点拨】1) elderly adj.年老的；年长的Many elderly people live an idle life. 许多老年人过着悠闲的生活。2) be left of v.被剩下的（主语常是what）She saved what was left of the food for supper. 她把剩下的食物留作晚餐。【语

23、法点拨】英文中，“the+姓氏的复数”代表一家人或夫妇二人，如the Greens。如果强调的是Green家这个单数概念，谓语动词用单数；反之，如果强调的是Green家的每个人，是复数概念，谓语动词也要用复数，与主语取得一致。如：The Greens are watching TV together. What a happy family the Green is!格林一家在共同看电视。它们是多么幸福的一个家庭啊！11.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun ma

24、king and flying kites. 【句式翻译】乔纳森坚持说，要只是想通过做和放风筝来开心，就没必要做那么大一个给人深刻印象的风筝。 【句式分析】该句是复合句。在that引导的宾语从句中由it做形式主语来代替后面的不定式to make a kite。【词语点拨】insist v.坚持；强调；坚决主张They insist that I stay there for supper. 他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。【语法点拨】当insist表示“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句，用陈述语气。从句谓语的

25、动作发生于主句谓语动作前，是陈述已发生的事。当insist表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句，用虚拟语气。即“should动词原形”，should可省略。如：She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。12.However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless o

26、f lifestyle choices. 【句式翻译】然而，意识到这些危险是很重要的，因为不管生活方式的选择如何，每个人都要接触到空气污染。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句。it做形式主语代替to be aware这个不定式短语放于句首。because引导的是原因状语从句。【词语点拨】regardless of 不管；不顾Ill take the job regardless of the pay.不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。【语法点拨】In spite of 和regardless of两个词表示让步，但在语气和意思上有明显差别。In spite of 是表示转折的意思，意为“即使. .也不.

27、.”，是否定语气。regardless of 是表示“无论如何都要.”的意思，是肯定语气。如：He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.他虽竭尽全力，但仍然未能将那石头搬起来。I shall go regardless of the weather. 我不管天气如何都要去。13. Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses (女作家)？Clearl

28、y this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. 【句式翻译】你相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的共识吗？很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。 【句式分析】第一句是一个复合句，既含有that引导的believe的宾语从句，又含有that引导的consensus的同位语从句。第二句也是个复合句，其中的when there was引导的是time的定语从句。【词语点拨】1) consensus n.一致；同意；共识The tw

29、o parties have reached a consensus. 这两个政党达成了一致意见。2) oppose v.反对；对抗；使对立It was courageous of him to oppose his chief. 他敢反对他的上司，真是勇敢。【语法点拨】There引导的句子是一种倒装句，表示事物的存在。在there be句型中，there为引导词，无明显的词义，动词be表示“有，存在”的意思，名词做主语，放在谓语动词be的后面，谓语be的形式随主语的单复数变化而变化，并且有各种时态变化。如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事

30、竟成。There is a knife and two books on the desk. 桌上有一把小刀和两本书。There will be a meeting sometime next week. 下个星期的某个时候要开个会。14.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural

31、 phenomenon. 【句式翻译】毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。【句式分析】该复合句的主干是由but连接的并列成分。but前面是一个复合句there is no doubt that，其中that做doubt的同位语从句，而but后面主干依然是there is fierce debate over句型，但较为复杂，over后面有两个宾语从句都由whether引导，被or连接起来，并且第一个whether后面还出现了对句子主语human activity进行强调的强调句型，it无实在意义。而第二个whether中的it是普通的代词，代替

32、the earth is becoming warmer这一现象。【词语点拨】1) debate n.辩论；讨论 vt.争论；思考 vi.辩论After a long debate, the house of commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的辩论，下议院通过了议案。He dared them to debate with him about it.他向他们挑战，要他们和他辩论这个问题。2) phenomenon n.现象（其复数形式为phenomena）He believes that there must be a physical explanation

33、for these strange phenomena. 他相信这些奇怪的现象一定可以根据自然规律作出解释。【语法点拨】英文中的it有时是代词，有时是强调句式的构成部分，有时是形式主语或宾语，要根据上下文作出判断。15.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills.【句式翻译】大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能

34、的工作。【句式分析】该句包含一个that引导的the fact的同位语从句，在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰jobs，还有一个while连接的并列句，其中在more women 和speech skills之间省略了take up jobs that require，其结构与上句相同。【词语点拨】1) take up 拿起；开始；从事；占去；继续做 She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。 When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign l

35、anguage?你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言? 2) require v. 要求；命令；规定The director required that we should work all night. 主任要求我们通宵工作。 【语法点拨】在并列句中，为了避免与第一个分句的相同内容重复，可采用省略谓语，而保留主语和表语或补足语等成分。而在一些并列句中，由于前面已经出现了相同的主语，为了避免重复，后一个分句的主语也常常省略。如：One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other white。木板子的一边应漆成

36、绿色，另一边漆成白色。He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。他走进教室，坐下，然后开始朗读。 16.When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 【句式翻译】当救援真的赶来时，我们长长地松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。【句式分析】该复合句中包含有一个when引导的时间状语从句和主句当中存在的suchthat结果状语从句。did come是对谓语动词进行强调

37、，翻译成“真的到来”。【词语点拨】1) rescue vt.&n. 营救；援救（有时间上的紧迫性)Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have drowned. 如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小孩早就淹死了。2) relief n.减轻；解除；轻松；救济(品)；安慰 relieve v.救济；减轻；解除The pills gave her some relief. 药片减轻她一些痛苦。 This medicine will relieve your headache. 这药将减轻你的头痛。【语法点拨】 sothat与such that

38、都连接结果状语从句，作“如此以致”解，但用法不同。so形容词或副词that，而such（形容词）名词that。suchthat的句型结构大致可分以下三种： sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词thatclause如：He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。 suchadj.复数可数名词thatclause 如：They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 suchadj.不可数名词

39、that clause 如：He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。 注意：如果such后边的名词前由表示“多、少”的四个词many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。17.You will read more efficiently if you keep in m

40、ind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best help you to achieve this purpose. 【句式翻译】如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮你实现该目的的最佳方式阅读，那么你的阅读将更加有效。【句式分析】该复合句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，而该条件句中又包含有两个谓语动词keep in mind和read in a way。in a way后有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词way，that在其中作主语，不可省。【词语点拨】keep in mind 记住；牢记Yo

41、u should keep in mind what I have said.我刚才说过的你要记住。【语法点拨】当先行词是way时，后面的定语从句引导词在从句中做状语，可以是in which、that、省略三种形式；如果引导词在从句中做主语或宾语，则可以由which或that充当，并且做宾语时可以省略。如：I dont like the way (in which/ that) you speak to your parents.我不喜欢你跟你爸妈说话的方式。Can you show me the way (which/ that) you used in your new task?你能把你

42、在你新任务当中用过的方法告诉我吗？18.As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the opinions of all mothers who have daughters to marry. 【句式翻译】作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，但是它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲们的观点。 【句式分析】该句是个由but连接的并列句，第二分句又是一个复合句，主句中的of all mothers是宾语opinions的定语，其后是who引导的定语从句。【词语点拨】represent vt

43、.表现；代表；象征（受委托代表某人、机构办事）；具体用法参见第73句。【语法点拨】all mothers who have daughters to marry.中：have + 宾语 + to do（不定式作定语，用主动表被动）。不定式做定语时，如果句子的主语是该不定式的逻辑主语，一般用主动表被动。但如果不是，就要用被动式。如： He has an important meeting to attend. 他要参加一个会议。Do you have anything to be taken there? 你有要别人替你往那儿带的东西吗？19.She cried out “Tony” and t

44、hen heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 【句式翻译】她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只使她开心。 【句式分析】全句的主干是主语She和由and连接的两个并列谓语动词cried out and heard，在第二个谓语动词后面为一个动词的复合结构heard him declare，而declare又有两个由that引导的宾语从句。【词语

45、点拨】1) declare v.宣布,宣告I now declare this meeting open. 我现在宣布会议开幕。2) more than just 不仅仅是What you gave me was more than just happiness. 你给予我的不仅仅是幸福。【语法点拨】引导宾语从句时，连词that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中以及在believe、think、suppose、consider、say、see、know、hear、propose、understand等表心理活动及知觉的动词后。但是若是动词所带的宾语从句有两个或两个以上时，第一个that可以省略，第二

46、个或以后的that不可省。如：I think (that) youd better check on it right now.我想你最好现在就核实一下。He suggested (that) we should think twice before we take action and that we should consult an expert. 他建议我们采取行动前最好三思，并且应该咨询专家。20.In conclusion, we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space but we have come a

47、long way since learning that the Earth is not flat and spins in an orbit around the sun. 【句式翻译】总之，我们现在还只处于探索宇宙的初级阶段，但是自从了解到地球不是平的而是绕着太阳呈椭圆型轨道旋转我们已经取得了长足的进步。【句式分析】全句是一个由but连接的并列句，第二分句中since learning做时间状语修饰前面的come，并且learning还带有自己的宾语从句that【词语点拨】1) in the initial stage 在初始阶段The novel was still in the initial stage. 这部小说还处在创始阶段。2) come a long way 有很大进步；有很大改进Weve come a long way since those early days of the project. 这项工作开始以来我们已取得很大