专题12.第十二章 主谓一致（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）.docx

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1、第十二章主谓一致初中知识回顾初中阶段接触到的主谓一致，主语大都是名词、代词、数词，谓语需要根据它们的数来确定自己的形式。回顾一：人称代词作主语时人称代词作主语时，we,you,they后面用are,were,do,did,have,had等动词形式。I后面则跟am,was,have,had等。he,she则跟第三人称单数，即is,was,has,had等动词形式。it用法与he,she相似。1.We each WeChat nowadays,even the old people.A.playB.playsC.playingD.played回顾二：不定代词作主语someone,no one,e

2、veryone,something,nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.Everybody there when the meeting began.A.areB.wasC.wereD.be回顾三：名词作主语主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。集体名词作句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式。如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.三班有张中国地图。3.The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.A.beB.am

3、C.isD.are回顾四：时间或长度等作主语表示一段时间、价格、重量、数量或长度等概念的复数名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。4.Fifty yuan enough.A.isB.amC.areD.be随堂练习1. (2021黑龙江齐齐哈尔,3)In the face of the variation(变异) of the virus, not only China but also other countries to take action to fight against the crisis (危机).A.haveB.hasC.having2. (2020贵州贵阳改编,39)As we al

4、l know, using serving chopsticks necessary when we eat with others.A.isB.areC.was3.(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔,9)To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher going to the party this evening.A.wasB.areC.is4.(2021威海,39)Its impossible to say exactly how much the map (be) worth. Its worth whatev

5、er someone is willing to pay for it.5.(2020济南槐荫一模,31)It is Sunday today. There many people in the amusement park.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are高中知识衔接高中阶段我们将要学习到不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。知识一：非谓语动词作主语单个动词不定式短语、单个动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；由and或者both.and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Doing eye exercises is

6、 good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。To do and to say are completely different.说和做是截然不同的事情。经典例题Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have【引申】Playing computer games too much bad for students health.A.amB.isC.areD.be知识二：从句作主语单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；由

7、and或者both.and连接的从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Whether well finish it on time depends on the weather.我们是否能按时完成要取决于天气的好坏。经典例题What the science teacher does and says of great importance to college students.A.wasB.areC.isD.were【引申】What he says and what he does A.is not agreedB.are not agreedC.doesnt agreeD.dont agr

8、ee知识三：more than等结构作主语由more than one(或more than one+单数名词)，many a+单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：More than one teacher gets the flowers,不止一个教师得到了花。Many a student has been sent to plant trees.很多学生被派去植树。More than one student has passed the examination.不止一个学生通过了这次考试。经典例题More than one student in our class to Shangh

9、ai.A.has beenB.have beenC.isD.are【引申】Many a writer of newspaper articles to write novels.A.has turnedB.have turnedC.being turnedD.are going to turn知识四：and作主语时的特殊情况若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，此时and后的名词前没有冠词，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。同时，every+n.+(every)and+n.也表示单数概念。如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指

10、同一个人）The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁行业对我们的生活来说非常重要。Every man and woman in this club often performs in public.这个俱乐部的每个男人和女人经常在公共场合演出。经典例题The league secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【引申】-Did you go to the show last night?-Yeah

11、.Every boy and girl in the area invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was知识五：with等介词短语与主语连用时当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.那个老师和一些学生正参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想

12、去划船。经典例题Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A.is going toB.are going toC.was going toD.were going to【引申】Look!A woman with three children crossing the street.-Lets help them.A.isB.areC.wasD.be知识六：定语从句中的主谓一致在that,who,which等引导的定语从句中，如果that,who,which在定语从句中作主语，那定语从句中的

13、谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。如：She is one of the students in Grade One who dance well.她是一年级学生中跳舞跳得很不错的人之一。She is the only one of the students in Grade One who dances well.她是一年级学生中唯一一个跳舞跳得好的人。经典例题Such poets as Shakespeare widely read,however,some of whose works difficult to understand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.

14、is;are【引申】The teacher together with the students discussing Writing Skills that newly published in America.A.are;wereB.are;wasC.is;wasD.is;were知识七：a series of等修饰主语时如果主语是由“a series of,one of,a portion of,a species of,a chain of等+n.”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a variety of/a number of,h

15、alf of,the rest of/the majority of/分数/百分数+n.”作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.准备了一系列的预录带作语言实验用。The rest of the film is wonderful.电影的其他内容挺精彩的。The rest of us love swimming.我们中其余的人喜欢游泳。注意：the number of表示“的数量”，谓语用单数。如：The number of

16、the students is 26.学生的数量是26。经典例题The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since 1997.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been【引申】1.About of the land covered with trees and grass.A.three fifths;isB.three fifths;areC.three fifth;areD.three of fifth;is2.In our city there a num

17、ber of cars and the number of them growing larger and larger.A.are;isB.have;isC.is;areD.are;are知识八：the+形容词作主语时的情况the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。如：The poor expect to change themselves,穷人希望改变他们自己。The beautiful lives forever、美是永存的。注意：如果指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The dead man was a good friend of hi

18、m.死者是他的一位好友。经典例题The old more likely to catch cold than the young.A.isB.areC.haveD.has【引申】The unknown always something to be feared.A.wereB.are toC.isD.was to知识九：由句意决定的主谓一致情况all、more,any等作主语时，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠句意来决定。如：All is right.一切顺利。All are present.所有人都到齐了。经典例题Between the two mountains the factory

19、 where my father used to work.A.standB.standsC.to standD.standing【引申】At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits知识十：就近原则在由not only.but also.,not just.but,or,either.or.,neither.nor.连接主语的句子以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。

20、如：Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.不仅约翰，也包括我，下周都要去上海。Either you or she is to go,要么你去，要么她去。Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper for you.这里有给你的一支钢笔，一些信封和一些纸。经典例题Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be【引申】Neither L

21、i Hua nor I good at writing.A.amB.isC.areD.be知识十一：one结构作主语one and a half+名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：One and a half apples are left on the table.桌子上有一个半苹果。One or two more+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：One or two persons are sent there to help them.要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙。one of+复数名词+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在he only one of+复数名词+定

22、语从句的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一。经典例题Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn【引申】He is one of the students who to Beijing.A.have visited inB.has goneC.has paid a visitD.hav

23、e been知识十二：概数作主语the following,half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of等后接名词作主语时，谓语单复数根据名词而定。如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。The following are good examples.下面是一些好例子。经典例题A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week

24、 good for ones health.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are【引申】As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair思考总结主谓一致有三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。无论哪一种，重要的是分清一个句子中，哪一个是主语，主语是单数还是复数，分清题目考查的是哪种一致的情况，然后确定谓语形式。主谓一致因为

25、涉及众多特殊情况，常是高中和高考考试的热点，需要认真学习。随堂练习A单句填空1Yangshuo _(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.2The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Tai

26、pei Flower Expo.3Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ (be) essential to their development.4The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ (be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.5All the scientific evidence shows

27、that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be) damaging our health.6I cant remember her face now but recalling the incident _ (make) me happy.7Saving money _ (be) what you need to start several months before you move out.8I was paid nine dollars an hour, which _ (be) three dollars more than the

28、school post office paid us.9But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that _ (threat) the only home they know.10We all got excited when someone spotted an Australian tailed eagle, which _ (be) the symbol of the AustralianPacific railway.B单句改错1The basketball coach, as well as his team, were i

29、nterviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance._来源:学科网ZXXK2One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers were the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions._3The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest

30、of which was saved for other purposes._4The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggest that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking._5Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people._6Nowadays sign

31、s prohibiting smoking is a common sight in restaurants, tea houses and shopping malls._7A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents be nearly 320,000 in Beijing_8Our school along with many other brother middle schools are to take another joint t

32、est next month.来源:学科_9They say that the football team as well as the coach has been invited to the TV show to talk about their experiences during the past few years._10Lydia, what did our headteacher say just now?来源:学科网ZXXKEvery boy and every girl as well as the teachers who are to lead the group are asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning._ 9 / 9学科网（北京）股份有限公司