精品解析：江苏省南京市金陵中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、金陵中学2022-2023学年第二学期期末考试高一英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)AFamily-Friendly Events in JanuaryZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19The Phoenix Zoos yearly holiday light show is on until Jan.19 allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the citys zoo, with millions of lights giving a

2、n added dimension to the festivities.Glow Wild,455 N. Galvin Pkwy., Phoenix,https/:www.phoenixzoo.org,$13.95 for general admission $11.95 for members.Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan.4-18The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including tho

3、se who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art and photography gifts.On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa.https/:,free admission.Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow

4、 for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdalehttps/:,free.Youth Fine Arts C

5、ourse Jan.18-Mar.7Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions

6、 for all.Mesa Art Center, I E. Main St., Mesa,https/:,$93 for admission.1. How can you get a discount when buying a ticket to the ZooLights show?A. By bringing a friend.B. By becoming a member.C. By booking a ticket online.D. By Joining a tour group2 What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest?A. Have

7、free food.B. Enjoy real snow.C. Take art classes.D. Meet local artists3. Which event lasts the longest?A. ZooLights: Glow Wild.B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.C. Family Fun Winterfest.D. Youth Fine Arts Courses.【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在一月份举办的家庭友好活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ZooLights: G

8、low Wild Jan. 1-19部分中“https/:www.phoenixzoo.org,$13.95 for general admission $11.95 for members.(https /:www.phoenixzoo.org，普通门票13.95美元，会员11.95美元)”可知，在购买ZooLights演出的门票时成为会员可以获得折扣。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4部分中“OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Win

9、terfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in.(位于沙漠中的奥德海水族馆正在其沙漠庭院举办第三届年度家庭趣味冬季活动，以真正的雪为特色，供孩子们玩耍)”可知，在Family Fun Winterfest可以欣赏真正的雪。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章内容可知ZooLights: Glow Wild从一月一日到十九日；Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts从一月四日到十八日；Family Fun Winterfest在一月四日；Youth Fine

10、Arts Course从一月十八日到三月七日。可知，Youth Fine Arts Courses持续时间最长。故选D。BWhen I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of misses the point.More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” i

11、s that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in ho

12、w we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you dont hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, its pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a l

13、anguage that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance,” You got eat or not? “(meaning “Have you eaten?” ) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take

14、pause doesnt mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because its different?We need to move beyond a narrow conception of

15、accents and dialects for the benefit of everyone.Language differences like these provide insights into peoples cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of ones identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. Wed

16、 learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.4. What does the author think of his/ her friends response in paragraph 1?A. It reflects their self confidence.B. It reflects their language levels.C. It misses the point of communication.D. It misses the real meaning of accents.5

17、. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English?A. To justify the use of dialects.B. To show the diversity of dialects.C. To correct a grammatical mistake.D. To highlight a traditional approach.6. What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph?A. Learn to speak with yo

18、ur local dialect.B. Seek for an official definition of accents.C. Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.D. Distinguish our local languages from others.7. What can be a suitable title for this passage?A. Everyone Has an AccentB. Accents Enhance Our IdentitiesC. Dialects Lead to Misunderstandin

19、gD. Standard English Is at Risk【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了每个人都有口音。从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.”

20、 But this kind of misses the point. (当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人都自豪地回答说：“好吧，我的英语/汉语等都说得很好。”但这种说法没有切中要害。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong

21、 just because its different? (根据新加坡英语使用者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为使用方言进行辩护。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Language differences like these provide insights into peoples cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distin

22、ct part of ones identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. Wed learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. (像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和

23、方言的价值。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“In this sense, its pointless to point out that someone“has an accent“. We all do! (从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。我们都有！)”以及第三段“Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. (每个人也会说一种方言。)”可知，作者认为每个人都有口音，而且作者在最后一段指出不同的口音可以让我们更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。故A项“Everyone Has an Accent (每个人都有口

24、音)”最能概括本文主旨。故选A。CDo you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone”thinks the same way? Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs, reading along without the immediate realization?A social media echo chambe

25、r (回声壁) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices. Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences. As a result, people see and take in informatio

26、n according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms (算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention. The algorithms focus on what we “like”, and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable.In o

27、rder to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone. While this becomes increasingly challenging, there are things we can do. The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources. Adding in a few media s

28、ources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known

29、for trying their best to leave out false information. By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber.8. What is a result of the social media echo chamber?A. People co

30、ntact like-minded online users effectively.B. People keep reading for more differing viewpoints.C. People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests.D. People only get information confirming their beliefs.9. What does “beef up”underlined in paragraph 3 mean?A. Track.B. Improve.C. Provide.D. Iden

31、tify.10. Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber?A. Criticizing fake news on social media.B. Exposing ourselves to opposing voices.C. Researching primary sources of information.D. Accepting our present beliefs and opinions.11. What is the purpose of the text?A. To call on peop

32、le to use algorithms frequently.B. To ask people not to take in information blindly.C. To promote the use of various social media sites.D. To inform people of new technology developments.【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。社交媒体回音室是指一个人体验量身定制的媒体体验，将对立的观点和不同的声音排除在外。本文主要分析了社交媒体回音室产生的原因，并就如何确保我们不会

33、简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里提出建议。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二自然段“As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. (因此，人们根据我们先前存在的信仰和观点来看待和接受信息。)”可知，社交媒体回音室的结果是人们只能得到证实他们信仰的信息。故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段划线词后的句子“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you

34、to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. (加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。)”可推知，人们需要加强媒体消费来源，从而真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体。故beef up意为“加强；改进”。A. Track.追踪；B. Improve.改进；C. Provide.提供；D. Identify.识别。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinion

35、s will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. (加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。接下来，用批判的眼光阅读你所看到的每一件事。)”可知，让自己暴露在反对的声音中可以帮助我们走出回音室。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In order to truly get access to all infor

36、mation and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone.( 为了真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体，我们必须给自己一个走出舒适区的机会。) ”和最后一句“By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stu

37、ck in a social media echo chamber. (通过接受我们在社交媒体上的媒体自助餐是我们当前信仰和观点的产物，我们可以努力确保我们不会简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里。)”可知，作者希望通过本文要求人们不要盲目接受信息。故选B。DPeople with genetic syndromes (综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露私密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundred

38、s of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt or overall impression of faces and return a l

39、ist of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17, 000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people

40、with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural networks ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can

41、result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. Its clearly not perfect, but its still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions tha

42、t were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can re

43、veal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle. secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians (临床医生). Clinicall

44、y this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.12. What can we know about DeepGestalt?A. It can be tra

45、ined to correctly label the images of people.B. It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time.C. It is built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders.D. It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance.13. Why are certain facial regions highlighted in the

46、assessment process?A. To help confirm the diagnosis.B. To help make the system more understandable.C. To help the system quickly recognize people .D. To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis.14. Whats the best title of this text?A. Tricky facial featuresB. Faces let AI spot genetic disorder

47、sC. Facial features give you away to doctorsD. DeepGestalt: a magic cure for genetic syndromes15. Whats the authors attitude towards the technology?A. Positive.B. Neutral.C. Indifferent.D. Critical.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助医生确认诊断遗传性疾病的人脸识别技术DeepGestalt。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A

48、new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.(一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。)”及第三段“They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.( 他们对名为DeepGestalt的神经网络进行了测试，测试了17000张正确标记的图像，以匹配200多种遗传综合征。)”可知，DeepGestalt是用来分析人脸照片并识别遗传疾病的。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determ