初高英语衔接语法定语从句入门浅析.pptx

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1、初高衔接之定语从句浅析Translate the sentences.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。The beautiful girl is my sister.我昨天买的钢笔是坏的。The pen that I bought yesterday didnt work.Analyze the sentence structure主 系表主谓定语从句：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或者代词的一个完整的句子。作用相当于形容词，译为“.的”()()定定语从句先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词关系词的作用：1.连接主句和从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当成分 1.(Bracket)the r

2、elative clauses,underline the antecedents and circle the relative pronouns.1.The picture that/which is about the accident is terrible.2.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead.3.The pen that/which I bought yesterday didnt work.4.The man that/who/whom I met last Sunday is Uncle Tom.5.Worke

3、rs built shelters for survivors of Tangshan earthquake whose homes had been destroyed.6.He lives in a room whose window faces north.2.Analyze the sentence structure of relative clauses.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？定语从句在先行词之后，但不一定紧挨着先行词关系词关系代词whowhomthatwhichwhoseasWhen should we use that,which,who,whom,whose and a

4、s?who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语可以省略The number of people _were killed in the disaster was over 100.The man _we are talking about is an expert.who/that who/whom/thatwhom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who/that替换指人，作主语指人，作宾语The girl _ the soldier rescued yesterday is Johns sister.whom/who/thatThere are many people with

5、 _ you can share your feelings.whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语指人时，直接跟在介词后作介词的宾语，只用whom,不用who和that，不能省略which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语可以省略The picture _ is about the accident is terrible.The gold medal_she won has been given to her school.which/thatwhich/thatThis is the house in _ Lu Xun once lived.which指物，作主语指物，作宾语指物，作宾语指

6、物时，直接跟在介词后作介词的宾语，只用which，不用that，不能省略This is the novel _ interests me.that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语可以省略which/thatThe magazine _ I bought yesterday is lost.The number of people _ come to visit this city reaches 1 million.which/thatwho/that指物，作主语指物，作宾语指人，作主语whose指人和物，表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，意为“.的”Any student _ fa

7、mily is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.whose指人，作定语He lives in a room _ window faces north.whose指物，作定语关系代词asas引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，常出现于先行词被thesame,such,as,so等修饰的限制性定语从句或先行词是整个主句的非限制性定语从句中。as可以指人或物，也可以指整个句子。从句可位于句首，句尾，句中。The explorer took only such men and things _ he really

8、 needed in to the jungle.Such people _ have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.She tried to make as few mistakes _ he could avoid.She is not the same person_ we know._ is known to us all,the earth moves around the sun.asasasAsassuch.as.,thesame.as.,as.as.,so.as.关系代关系代词

9、词whowhichthatwhomwhoseas先行词人物人/物人人/物人/物/句子关系代词在定语从句中充当的成分主语/宾语/表语主语/宾语（作介词的宾语只能用which）主语/宾语/表语宾语（作介词的宾语只能用whom）定语（.的）主语/宾语/表语*关系词的选择：1.根据关系词在定语从句中充当的成分，判断使用关系代词还是关系副词2.根据先行词，确定关系词关系代词在句中作宾语，可以省略1.The man came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl I met is Lucy.()3.A child parents are dead is called

10、an orphan.()4.I like the book you bought yesterday.()5.The man _ shake hands with my dad is a policeman.6.The boys are playing football are from Class One.7._ is shown in the picture,the sales volume decreased.who/that主语主语(whom/who/that)宾语宾语whose定语定语(which/that)宾语宾语Practice在横线处填入适当的关系词，并指出它们在定语从句中的成

11、份：(who/that)(who/that)宾语宾语主语主语As主语主语关系代词只能用that，不能用which1.当先行词为all,each,everything,something,nothing,anything,much,every,no,any,some,many,little,alittle,few,afew,none,either,neither等不定代词，或被其修饰时There is not much _ ought to be done right now.I did nothing _ might hurt you.I had done all the work _ he

12、told me to do.thatthatthat2.当先行词为序数词、形容词最高级，或被其修饰时The first _ comes to my mind is the West Lake.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.thatthat关系代词只能用that，不能用which3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰时These articles are the very ones _ should be read.Chatting is the only thing _ interests her.t

13、hatthatShe took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in.4.当先行词既指人又指物时that关系代词只能用that，不能用which5.当主句以here,there,which开头时Here is the hotel _ youve been looking for.There is a seat in the corner _ is still not taken.Which is the T-shirt _ fits me most?thatthatthat6.当先行词是表语，且关系代词在定语从

14、句中作表语时The school is no longer the place_it used to be.that 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词与先行词在数上保持一致关系代词只能用that，不能用which1.当先行词为all,each,everything,something,nothing,anything,much,every,no,any,some,both,many,little,alittle,few,afew,none,either,neither等不定代词，或被其修饰时2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰时3.当

15、先行词既指人又指物时4.当先行词为序数词、形容词最高级，或被其修饰时5.当主句以here,there开头时6.当先行词是表语，且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时7.当主句以who/which开头时，为避免重复，定语从句的关系词用that多少不一，恰人物最序,有复表1.Youcantakeanyseat_isfree.2.Thisistheonlything_wecando.3.Theisthefirstplace_Iwanttovisit.4.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_Ihaveeverread.5.ThoughIcantremembereverything_hap

16、penedduringthetimeatuniversity.6.Istillremembersomepeopleandthings_wererelatedtoEve,whousedtobemyroommate.7.Thereislittle_Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Whoistheperson_brokethewindow?9.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace_itusedtobe.10.Thereisanewtypeofshoes_youmightbefondof.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatt

17、hatthat关系代词只能用which，不能用that1.引导非限制性定语从句时Football,_ is a very interesting game,is played in many countries.which根据定语从句与先行词之间的关系紧密程度，将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1.限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，如果去掉限制性定语从句，原句意思则不完整2.非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后句子仍然有意义*非限制性定语从句前面往往有逗号与先行词隔开A travel brochure is a book _ provides us with infor

18、mation about amazing sights.which/thatToms father,_ is over sixty,still works hard every day.who关系代词只能用which，不能用that2.在定语从句中位于介词后，作介词的宾语时I am looking for a container in _ I can put all these coins.which1.介词后2.用于非限制定语从句中介词+which/whom1.根据从句中动词的习惯搭配2.根据句子表达的意思3.根据从句中先行词的习惯搭配I bought a great many books,

19、_ which I spent all the money that I saved.onIll never forget the day _ which I first saw him.onThe colourless gas _ which we cannot live is called oxygen.without关系代词用who，不用that先行词为人称代词I,you,he,she,they,them,或指人的不定代词one,ones,anyone,those时Anyone _ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his

20、 reason.whoThose_ are not suitable for the job should leave the office at once.whothe way作先行词the way+that/in which/省略I dont like the way _ you talk to me.(in which/that)1.Is this the man _ you talked about yesterday?2.Show me the book _ you spoke of the other day.3.Is this the museum _ arouses many

21、peoples interest?4.It is reported that two schools,both of _ are being built in my hometown,will open next year.5.Those want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.6.That is the teacher teaches us physics.Practicewhom/who/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhichwhowho1.The doctor

22、_ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which2.The teacher _ you are waiting for has come.A.who B.whom C.that D.3.The boy _ composition won the first prize is from group one.A.who B.whose C.that4.He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown5.

23、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.that3.The man _ name is Steven used to be a football player.2.Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose4.My parents live in a house _ is about 100 years old.5.The b

24、oy _ John spoke with is my brother.which/that6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.7.Here are some people I want you to meet.8.Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?9.The picture was about the accident was terrible.which/thatwhom/who/thatwho/whom/thatwhich

25、/thatwhich/that1.I dont know the name of the girl _ is standing over there.2.Tom is an excellent boy _ I like very much.3.Sarah got an email from the woman _ house we visited last week.4.The problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.5.Martin didnt buy the new cel

26、lphone price was too high for him.Fill in the blanks with relative pronounswho/thatwhom/who/thatwhosewhich/thatwhose1.In ancient China lived an artist_ paintings were almost lifelike.2.The students benefitting most from college are those_are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).3.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food _ is provided by Mom with appreciation.Fill in the blanks with relative pronounswhosewhothat