2024年新高考Ⅰ卷【笔试单题解析】.docx

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1、天学网高考真题系列免责声明：试题整理自网络，答案由天学网编写，仅供参考。所有内容，仅用于教学交流，如有侵权请联系删除。2024年6月英语新高考卷（考区：河南、浙江、湖北、福建、湖南、安徽、江西、山东、广东、江苏、河北）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHABITAT RESTORATION TEAMHelp restore and protect Marins natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. W

2、ell explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.GROUPSGroups of five or more re

3、quire special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRINGVolunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.Bring your completed

4、 Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.Well be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.No experie

5、nce necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTSTimeMeeting LocationSunday, Jan. 15 10:00am-1:00pmBattery Alexander TrailheadSunday, Jan. 22 10:00am-2:30pmStinson Beach Parking LotSunday, Jan. 29 9:30am-2:30pmCoyote Ridge Trailhead21. W

6、hat is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?A. To discover mineral resources.B. To develop new wildlife parks.C. To protect the local ecosystem.D. To conduct biological research.22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?A. 5.B. 10.C. 15.D. 18.23. What are the volunt

7、eers expected to do?A. Bring their own tools.B. Work even in bad weather.C. Wear a team uniform.D. Do at least three projects.【答案解析】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了自然区域生物栖息地恢复小组的工作内容以及志愿者招募要求。21. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知，栖息地恢复小组的工作内容主要是参与恢复和保护当地的自然区域。志愿者将参与清除入侵植物、冬季种植和种子收集等工作，以恢复脆弱的自然资源并保护濒危物种。这些活动都表明了他们的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项

8、。22. B 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分内容“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，欢迎年龄在10岁及以上的志愿者加入到栖息地恢复小组，因此志愿者最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。23. B 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分内容“Well be working rain or shine.”可知，栖息地恢复小组的志愿者们需要在恶劣天气下进行工作，故B项表述正确。根据该部分内容“Training and tools will be provided.”可知，志愿者

9、不需要自带工具，故A项表述错误；根据该部分内容“Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”可知，志愿者需要穿可以随意弄脏的衣服，多带几件衣服以应对多变的天气，必要时带上雨衣，文中并没有提到志愿者们需要穿队服，故C项表述错误；文章并没有提到队员们必须参加至少三个项目，故D项表述错误。故选B项。B“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupunctur

10、e (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain hell have the last laugh. Hes one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “

11、holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from ter

12、rible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a

13、 couple of years, he began offering them to pets.Leigh Tindales dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farbers treatments eased her dogs suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an addition

14、al five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership

15、 in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. Thats my job.”24. What do some of Farbers coworkers think of him?A. Hes odd.B. Hes strict.C. Hes brave.D. Hes rud

16、e.25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?A. He was trained in it at university.B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.C. He benefited from it as a patient.D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.B. T

17、he complexity of veterinarians work.C. Examples of rare animal diseases.D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?A. To prove Farbers point.B. To emphasize its importance.C. To praise veterinarians.D. To advocate an

18、imal protection.【答案解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了外国兽医借鉴中医技术，通过针灸帮助动物治疗。24. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“I am not crazy, says Dr. William Farber.it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知，兽医Farber在给一只兔子做了针灸治疗后遭到了同事们时不时的嘲笑，因此可知同事们认为他很古怪。故选A项。25. C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了Farb

19、er从传统兽医转向替代疗法的经历。他在遭受背痛时发现针灸疗法对自己有效，之后学习了针灸技术并开始为宠物提供这种治疗。因此他是从针灸疗法中受益才决定将其应用到宠物身上。故选C项。26. D 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，Leigh Tindale的狗患有严重的心脏病，Farber通过治疗减轻了它的痛苦，并让其多活了5个月；Priscilla Dewing的马通过Farber脊椎按摩调整后，整体状况改善了很多。因此第三段主要通过举例谈论了整体医疗（将传统西医疗法与针灸、脊椎指压疗法和草药相结合）的有效性。故选D项。27. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Farber is certain that

20、 the holistic approach will grow more popular with time”可知，Farber确信随着时间的推移，整体医疗会越来越受欢迎；再根据后文的“Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.”可知，自1982年以来，美国整体兽医协会的会员已经从30位增加到700多位，表明了整体医疗越来越受到人们的欢迎，因此文章提到的美国整体兽医协会是为了证实Farber的观点。故选A项。CIs c

21、omprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced con

22、centration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when its on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print re

23、ading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple task-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage - to ones that require mental abstraction - such as drawing inferences from a text.The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to pape

24、rs physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what theyve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers

25、 have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than

26、text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies - say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical p

27、ieces.Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldnt assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.28.

28、 What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.C.

29、 People select digital texts randomly.D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?A. They can hold students attention.B. They are more convenient to prepare.C. They help develop advanced skills.D. They are more informative than

30、text.31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.【答案解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了“有

31、纸化学习”与“可视化学习”的差异，分析了不同媒介对学习记忆和理解的影响，并提出了在教育实践中应如何合理选择和使用这些媒介的建议。28. D 解题思路：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When reading texts of several hundred words.of research confirms this finding.”，大量研究表明，当阅读几百字或者以上的文章时，纸质阅读比可视化阅读更好，并结合“when experimenters move.inferences from a text”给出实例，当实验者从提出简单的任务（如识别阅读文章中的大意）转向需要心理抽象的任务（例如从

32、文本中进行推理）时可知， “shine through”意味着纸质阅读的好处变得明显或容易被注意到。故选D项。29. A 解题思路：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“According to this theory, people approach.reading print.”可知，“浅层假设”认为读者对待数字文本的态度较为轻浮，不如对待纸质阅读那样投入。故选A项。30. A 解题思路：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Audio and video can feel more engaging.instead of an article by the same person.”可知，大学教师越来越多地

33、使用音频和视频是因为它们能更好地吸引学生的注意力。故选A项。31. C 解题思路：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, for maximizing learning.when they contain identical words.”可推知，作者暗示在教育中，纸质文本不能完全被其他媒介替代，尤其是在需要精神集中和反思的学习中。故选C项。DIn the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected bill

34、ions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos,and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise o

35、f technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary

36、data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team

37、tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to i

38、t,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile dev

39、ices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use o

40、ur study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places - and even species - that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we

41、know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Darus study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile appl

42、ications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Darus suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to c

43、heck the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.【答案解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Daru及其团队的研究发现，当前生物多样性数据的收集存在偏差及局限性，并就移动设备可以给生物样本采集提供怎样的帮助提出了建议。32. B 解题思路：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos,and other digital rec

44、ords.”可知，大多数生物多样性的记录常以照片、视频以及其它数字记录的形式出现。因此，现在所收集的物种记录多以电子形式出现。故选B项。33. C 解题思路：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”和“These observations now.increasingly using observational data”可知，随着科技兴起，人们易于

45、借助移动应用程序来观察不同物种，这些观察超过了来自物理标本的原始数据。Daru及其团队在研究过程中越来越多地使用观测数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化。因此，Daru的研究聚焦于观测数据。故选C项。34. C 解题思路：细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，观测的数据有偏差的原因是，在移动设备上获取生物多样性数据的人往往是一些公民科学家，他们的取样多为其附近或者更具有吸引力的物种，即导致偏差的原因是取样方式不当。故选C项。35. D 解题思路：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序可以利用其团队的研究结果，引导用户前往采样不充分的地方，还可以鼓励用户请专家辨认他们上传的图像

46、。由此可推知，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序为用户提供引导和帮助，再由第五段知，这类应用程序的用户通常是公民科学家。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, its vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36._ No editor is likely t

47、o tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. 37._ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but Im old-fashioned

48、enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.38._ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with it