阅读理解专题知识省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
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1、阅读了解阅读了解外语系外语系 余荷花余荷花第1页阅读了解组成部分阅读了解组成部分 Task A 多项选择题多项选择题 Task B Task C 填空题填空题 Task D 匹配题匹配题 Task E 简答题简答题第2页v英语应用能力英语应用能力A级考试主要测试以下级考试主要测试以下阅读技能:阅读技能:v了解语篇和段落主旨和大意;了解语篇和段落主旨和大意;v掌握语篇中事实和主要情节;掌握语篇中事实和主要情节;v了解语篇上下文逻辑关系;了解语篇上下文逻辑关系;v对句子和段落进行推理;对句子和段落进行推理;v了解作者目标、态度和观点;了解作者目标、态度和观点;v依据上下文正确了解生词及其意思;依据
2、上下文正确了解生词及其意思;v了解语篇结论了解语篇结论v进行信息转换进行信息转换第3页主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类所以相关阅读了解题目主要所以相关阅读了解题目主要有以下几个有以下几个:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型第4页1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarisethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdi
3、scussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题主旨大意题常见提问形式常见提问形式:第5页主旨大意题答题技巧主旨大意题答题技巧v1.认真阅读文章第一段或每段第一个句子。认真阅读文章第一段或每段第一个句子。v2.文章主题作者往往有意识地重复叙述。文章主题作者往往有意识地重复叙述。抓住重复出现中心抓住重复出现中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。v3.文章或段落主题句经常会出现在一些标志性提醒后。文章或段落主题句经常会出现在一些标志性提醒后。v比如:比如:On the whole,in short,therefo
4、re I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above,I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer 第6页 怎样寻找主题句怎样寻找主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some pre
5、fer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.(1)主题句在段首)主题句在段首 主题句经常是一个段落开头,其后
6、句子则是论证性细节。主题句经常是一个段落开头,其后句子则是论证性细节。在论说文,科技文件和新闻报道中多采取这种格式。在论说文,科技文件和新闻报道中多采取这种格式。第7页Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devi
7、sed to satisfy all students at the same time.(2 2)主题句也会出现在段尾。)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最终自然得出结论最终自然得出结论,即段落主题。本段即段落主题。本段中心思想在结尾句得到表达中心思想在结尾句得到表达,它是此段内容结论。它是此段内容结论。第8页 Sample3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a
8、child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.(3 3)在短文中间)在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,通常前面只
9、提出问题,文中主题由随之陈说细节或合乎逻辑引申在文中导文中主题由随之陈说细节或合乎逻辑引申在文中导出出,而后又作深入解释而后又作深入解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.return第9页Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirj
10、obsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustraliansbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足)不能满足)society.练习题练习题细节题细节题解释第10页Question:Which of the following statements best expre
11、sses the main idea of the paragraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.文章文章解释第11页【解析】答案为C C。take sth.away take sth.away of sb.of
12、 sb.和和 cast sb.sth.cast sb.sth.意思相同。意思相同。本段落以一、二句引出要表示主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈说细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好这类题关键。每段主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中归纳分析)普通都用来表示一个段落主旨大意。文章第12页 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点,事实细节是,事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由;相关细节问题常对文;相关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题普通可及事实进行提问,所提问题普通可直直接接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。提问特殊疑问词
13、常有:提问特殊疑问词常有:what,who,which,where,how,why等。等。事事实实细细节节型型解题标准解题标准:忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断全篇逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断。第13页1)Which of the following statements is true?2)Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)The author(or the passage)states that_.4)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,
14、who,what,which,etc.)_?在阅读了解中,要求查找主要事实和特在阅读了解中,要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几个命题方式:定细节问题常有以下几个命题方式:第14页Example1Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman
15、,“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects解析:他要搬出所租房子,而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时原样,解析:他要搬出所租房子,而房东要求房屋必
16、须是他租进来时原样,所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复恢复”,所以推出答案,所以推出答案为为D D。第15页 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat
17、.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount o
18、f heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows different,as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker
19、2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题解释第三节第16页Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcal
20、oriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.解释文章第17页【解析】答案为 D D。依据文章细节内容,计算公式为:(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C。依据
21、文章图表,依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章第18页 同义法同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or,它们连接两项内容在含义上是靠近它们连接两项内容在含义上是靠近或递进,由此能够推测。或递进,由此能够推测。反义法反义法如如 hot and cold,give and receive等,或前句为必定,后句为否定。总之,等,或前句为必定,后句为否定。总之,词与词间都起着互为线索作用。词与词间都起着互为线索作用。释义法释义法 对文章中生词用定语(从句)、对文章中生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引
22、出并表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替换法情景推断法、代词替换法等等第19页词义猜测题词义猜测题常见命题方式有常见命题方式有:1 1)TheTheunderlinedunderlinedwordword(phrasephrase)inthepassagemeans_inthepassagemeans_ 2 2)TheworditThewordit(themthem)inthefirstparagraphinthefirstparagraphreferstorefersto_ 3 3)Theunderlinedsenten
23、ceinthelastparagraphTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_means_ _4 4)WhichofthefollowingisWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtoclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedtheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphwordinthesecondparagraph?第20页1 1)文中找线索或信息词)文中找线索或信息词;2)2)依据熟悉词及词义判依据熟悉词及词义判断新单词之意;断新单词之意;3 3)依据
24、上下文判断新词)依据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。4.4.尤其注意熟词新意!尤其注意熟词新意!做题要领做题要领第21页Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintain
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