英语基本成分和基本句型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

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1、文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（2）We often speak English in class.（3）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（4）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（5）Smoking does harm to the health.（6）The rich should help the poor.（7）W

2、hen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（8）It is necessary to master a foreign language.一一.主语主语主语是一个句子所叙述主体，主语是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首普通位于句首。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）（主语从句）（主语从句）（形式主语）（形式主语）第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成

3、。Eg:He practices running every morning.2.复合谓语：复合谓语：由情态动词或其它助动词加动词原形组成。由情态动词或其它助动词加动词原形组成。Eg:You may keep the book for two weeks.He is watching TV.二二.谓语谓语 谓语说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。谓语说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后普通放在主语之后。第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（2）The

4、 heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（4）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.三三.宾语宾语宾语表示动作宾语表示动作对象对象或或承受者承受者，普通位于，普通位于vt.和和prep.后面。后面。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）（5）He pretended not to see me.（6）I enjoy listening to popular music.（7）I think（that）he is fit for his

5、office.（不定式）（不定式）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（动名词）（动名词）第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）Our teacher of English is an American.（2）Is it yours?（3）The weather has turned cold.（4）The speech is exciting.（5）Three times seven is twenty one?四四.表语表语表语用以说明主语身份、特征和状态，它普通表语用以说明主语身份、特征和状态，它普通位于系动词之位于系动词之后后。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（形容词）（形容词）（分

6、词）（分词）（数词）（数词）第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（6）His job is to teach English.（7）His hobby is playing football.（8）The machine must be out of order.（9）Time is up.The class is over.（10）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）（副词）（表语从句）（表语从句）第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）Guilin

7、 is a beautiful city.（2）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（3）There are thirty women teachers in our school.（4）Open your mouth.五五.定语定语 定定语语是是对对名名词词或或代代词词起起修修饰饰、限限定定作作用用词词、短短语语或或句句子，译为子，译为 。（形容词）（形容词）（分词）（分词）（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（5）Our monitor is always the

8、 first to enter the classroom.（6）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（7）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（8）He lost his new pen that was bought last week.（不定式短语（不定式短语）（动名词）（动名词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（定语从句）（定语从句）定语通常位于被修饰成份前成份前。注：1、复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；2、不定式/分词短语/从句作定语

9、时要放在被修饰成份后；3、副词用作定语时须放在名词之后之后。第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）Light travels most quickly.（2）He has lived in the city for ten years.（3）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（4）He is in the room making a model plane.（5）Wait a minute.（6）Once you begin,you must continue.六六.状语状语

10、状语状语是用来是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份说明动作或状态特征句子成份，通常放在动词之后通常放在动词之后。（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（介词短语）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）（分词短语）（分词短语）（名词）（名词）（状语从句）（状语从句）第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）How about meeting again at six?（2）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（3）I shall

11、go there if it doesnt rain.（4）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（5）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.状语状语种类种类（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（6）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（7）In order to catch up with the others,I must w

12、ork harder.（8）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（9）She works very hard though she is old.（10）I am taller than he is.状语状语种类种类（伴随状语）（伴随状语）（目状语）（结果状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（比较状语）第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。七七.补语补语 补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语性质、状态等一个句子补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语性质、状态等一个句子成份。普通分为成份。普通分为主语补足语主语补足语和和宾语补

13、足语宾语补足语。（1）We elected him chairman.（2）He slept last night with the light on.（3）They should keep these things in the box.（4）We imagine him to be a liar.（5）They was thought rather clever.(名词名词)(副词副词)(介词短语介词短语)(不定式不定式)(形容词形容词)第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。八八.同位语同位语 对句子中某一成份作深入解释、说明，与前面对句子中某一成份作深入解释、说明，与前面名词在

14、语法上处于同等地位句子成份叫做同位语。名词在语法上处于同等地位句子成份叫做同位语。同位语通常置于被说明词之后同位语通常置于被说明词之后。（1）Cixi,our hometown,is a beautiful city.（2）They each like English.（3）Are you three ready to start out?（4）Word came that the king died.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.You will tell your friend that yo

15、uve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.操演：划分句子成份操演：划分句子成份第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处

16、，请联系改正。1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their p

17、ower.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语时间状语时间状语主语谓语谓语时间状语时间状语定语定语主语谓语谓语 宾语宾语状语状语状语状语操演：划分句子成份操演：划分句子成份第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。指出画线部分在句子中所充当成份：指出画线部分在句子中所充当成份：To most Chinese basketball fans,Yao Mings retirement is a big disappointment.Yao,a hero in their hearts,has made great contribution to the de

18、velopment of Chinese basketball and made it the most favorite sport in China.Now we can only wish him a good future.第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语基本句型英语基本句型第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英英语语句子基本句子基本结结构能构能够归纳够归纳成成五种五种基本句型基本句型一：一：（主（主谓谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主（主谓谓宾宾）四：四：（主（主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾）五：五：（主（主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补）第17页文档仅供参考，如

19、有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型 一：一：+i（主谓）（主谓）1.The sunrose.2.Who cares?3.What he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pen writes smoothly.6.After visiting some places,we were singing and dancing in the open area.第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型 二：二：+t+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）1.Who knows the answer?2.He

20、 has refused to help them.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said Good morning.5.He admits that he was mistaken.第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型 三：三：+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）1.She ordered herself a new dress.2.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.4.I told him that the bus was late.5.He showed me h

21、ow to run the machine.第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型 四：四：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）宾语补宾语补足足语语：位于：位于宾语宾语之后之后对宾语对宾语作出作出说说明成份。明成份。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.Who had the wi

22、ndow broken?第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.He fell in love.4.Everything looks different.5.He is growing tall and strong.6.Our well has gone dry.7.His face turned red.基本句型基本句型 五：五：+（主系表）（主系表）第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。There are some books on th

23、e desk.There came shouts for help from the river.There stands a big tree on the top of the e,stand,live,exist,*There be 结结构构：There be 表示表示“存在、有存在、有”，此此结结构后跟名构后跟名词词，表示，表示“（存在）有某事物（存在）有某事物”。第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。除了基本句型成份不变外，通常是在这些成份前除了基本句型成份不变外，通常是在这些成

24、份前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语能面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语能够是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也能够是够是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也能够是各种类型短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词各种类型短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（短语）。下面以基本句型五（s+v+o+c）为例：）为例：第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by

25、a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报一位同志我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报一位同志作相关东欧局势主要汇报。作相关东欧局势主要汇报。We found the hall full.我们发觉礼堂坐满了。我们发觉礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full

26、 of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个主要汇报。我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个主要汇报。第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。a.b.c.d.e.1，Pleas tell us a story._2,She smiled._3.His job is to train swimmers._4.He noticed a man enter the room._5.Please look at the picture._dabec第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之

27、处，请联系改正。A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah,returns with her family following the ceasefire,at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14,.S +V 第29页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibi

28、tion tour for a star-studded U.S.team on its way to the world championships.S +V+O第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。practice1:Now great changes have taken place in our school.2:Im afraid that I have made a serious mistake.3:I think it necessary that he should do the test.S+VS+V+OS+V+O+C第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正

29、。4:Three snakes,whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes,are guarding a blue star sapphire(蓝宝石)worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum.S+V+O第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5:When I was a child,my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me

30、that,if I wanted something,I should save money to buy it.S+V+O+O第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。6:The cottages could be an example of the industry s odd love affair with“low technology,”a concept associated with the natural world.S+V+P第34页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。7:The next night and many nights thereafter,a kin

31、d of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place in that place with a beautiful garden.S+V第35页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。简单句简单句 Simple Sentence:He was a little man.并列句并列句 Compound Sentence:He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.复合句复合句 Complex Sentence:He,who was Pauls Chemistry teacher,was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.butbutwhoand,but,or,for,so 第36页