学术型英语写作9市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

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1、 (Acknowledgements)第1页 Acknowledgements The persons who do not meet the requirements of authorship but have made some contributions to the research result can be listed in the paper with the form of acknowledgement.People of acknowledgement include:laboratory technicians that help to do the research

2、institutions or stuff that provide convenience for research(equipment,testing etc)people who have proposed guiding ideas fundation support(but not list the amount of the fund)第2页Acknowledgements：Concreteness and truthfulnessPoint out the concrete help and contribution of the persons to be acknowledg

3、ed.The acknowledgement to the person indicates that he agrees with the idea or conclusion;If the person to be acknowledged does not agree with the ideas or conclusion of the paper,then when the paper is published,it will embarrass both the author and the person to be acknowledged；第3页l To show polite

4、ness and respect,people to be acknowledged must be invited to read the paper(especially the acknowledgement)before it is submitted,so as to obtain the permission or acquiescence.第4页Acknowledgement：Appropriate WordingOne had better use“We thank”instead of“We wish tothank”,“would like to thank”etc；If

5、one says“I wish to thank Jones for”,he is wasting words,and it also indicates that“I hope to thank John Jones help,but this help is not important”.It seems more concise and sincere to say“I thank Jones”第5页 In acknowledgment,the concrete help or contribution of the person we acknowledge should be poi

6、nted out.For example:“Thanks are due to J.Jones for assistance with the experiments and to R.Smith for valuable discussion.”Such empty acknowledgment is avoided,such as:“To acknowledge all of the people who have contributed to this paper in some manner”第6页Acknowledgment 1 The authors acknowledge the

7、 valuable comments and suggestions of their associates in Communications Research at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company.Special thanks are expressed to M.R.O Sulivan for his interesting and rewarding comments.第7页lAcknowledgment 2l Helpful suggestions by D.A.Kleinman and C.G.B.Garret are gratefully

8、acknowledged.Without the equipment borrowed from a large number of our colleagues this experiment would not have been feasible.第8页Acknowledge3 I have received considerable help by way of suggestions,comments,and criticisms from members of both the medical and the engineering staffs of University Col

9、lege,London.My thanks are due to them all,and in particular to Dr.W.Taylor and Professor J.Z.Young for many stimulating discussions on the problems of learning.The financial support of the Neffield Foundation is also gratefully acknowledged.第9页Acknowledge 4 The accomplishment of this paper benefits

10、from the enlightenment of my supervisor,assistant professor,Ming Xiaodong,whose inspiring insights,generous encouragements,and enthusiastic instructions have facilitated me much throughout my thesis writing.Her penetrating and insightful comments afford me with inspiring source.She has been in const

11、ant concern about my paper,spared no pains to entertain my thesis draft.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks第10页lto the Foreign Language Department of*University as well as all my teachers.Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensive education during the four years schooling,I can

12、 acquire the opportunity to further study English.Finally,my great gratitude also goes to those writers and editors whose works I have perused and benefited greatly from without which the completion of the thesis would not have been possible.第11页English Expression of the research program supported b

13、y a certain fund The English journals of China usually use food note to express that the thesis to be published is fund-supported,while foreign journals usually put the information of fund support in the section of acknowledgement.Case of expressing the fund support in the form of foot note in the f

14、irst page of a thesis.第12页English Expression of the research program supported by a certain fundlSupported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant No.GB30940105),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60171009)and the Key Project of Science and Technol

15、ogy of Shanghai(Grant No.02DZ/5002)lIN：Progress in Natural Science SCI，,14(3):269-275第13页English Expression of a fundCase of information about fund support in the section of acknowledgement：Acknowledgments：This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.We t

16、hank Professor J.A.Pople and Dr.P.M.W.Gill for a preprint of Ref.13,and Professor T.Ziegler and Professor R.A.Friesner for enlightening discussions.第14页Documentation,MLA StyleA guide to in-text and reference citation methods.第15页Documentation,MLA Style GENERAL RULE:lIdeally,no more than 25 percent o

17、f your paper should be direct quotations.lParaphrase as much as you can.lUse direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theorylUse authors words if they capture a point exactly.第16页When to Give Your SourceYou must acknowledge in your paper the source of a direct quotation according to the

18、 following cases:A statisticAn ideaSomeone elses opinionConcrete facts not considered“common knowledge”Information not commonly knownInformation taken from the computer(CD ROMS,internet,etc.)Illustrations,photographs,or charts if not yours第17页Paraphrasing and SummarizingYou must still acknowledge yo

19、ur source if youParaphrase:lPut someone elses ideas into your own wordsSummarize:lCondense someone elses words or ideas第18页Signal Phrases in MLAlModel Signal Phrases:“In the words of researchers Long and McKinzie”“As Paul Rudnick has noted”“Melinda Stuart,mother of a child killed by a drunk driver,p

20、oints out”“,writes Michelle Moore,”NOTE:Never use“says”lVerbs in Signal Phrases:acknowledges admitsagrees assertsbelieves claimscomments confirmscontends declaresdenies disputesemphasizes endorsesgrants illustratesimplies notesobserves points outreasons refutessuggests writes第19页Parenthetical Citati

21、onsa system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately after you give the information.lFour Common Citations:Author and page numberTitle and page numberPage number onlySecondhand quotations第20页Parenthetical Citations:Author&Page Number(Keeling 125)lNotice there is no“p”and no comma.The

22、 struggle for identity is common during puberty(Keeling 125).第21页Parenthetical Citations:Title&Page NumberHer distinctive writing style adds to her mystique(“Plath”19).Often,articles,editorials,pamphlets,and other materials have no author listed;thus,give the first distinctive word of the title foll

23、owed by page#第22页Parenthetical Citations:Page Number OnlylIf you have already mentioned the authors name,put a page number only:Keeling states that Plaths work stands in stark contrast to other confessional poets(58).第23页Parenthetical Citations:Secondhand QuotationslWhen you quote someone who has be

24、en quoted in one of your sources,use:qtd.in=quoted inEvelyn Maxwell,author of numerous books about poetry,refers to Plath as the“queen of darkness”(qtd.in Keeling 99).第24页Parenthetical Citations:Multiple AuthorslTwo Sources by the Same Author:Use the first identifying words to indicate the title of

25、the workThe radical disconnect in Plaths writing is evident in the poem Cut(In the Middle,188).OR(Rimbaud,In the Middle,188).第25页Parenthetical Citations:Organization as AuthorlOften,an organization serves as the author:The National Council for Teachers of English state that students bring insider kn

26、owledge of youth culture and a passion for and investment in its texts and practices(5).ORStudents bring insider knowledge of youth culture(National Council for the Teachers of English 5).第26页Parenthetical Citations:How Often to Give CitationslWhen several facts in a row within one paragraph all com

27、e from the same page of a source,use one citation to cover them all.lPlace the citation after the last fact.lThe citation MUST be in the same paragraph as the facts!第27页WORKS CITEDlList only those sources that you actually used.lList the complete title of the article,essay,or book.lAlphabetize your

28、list by authors last names or the first main word in a title.lOnline sources usually follow the print format followed by the URL.(journals,newspapers,magazines,abstracts,books,reviews,scholarly projects or databases,etc.).lFormat Authors last name firstDouble-spaceLeft MarginlIndent second and third

29、 lines five spaceslMost item separated by periods leave one space after ending punctuation.lPlace a period at the end of each entry.第28页WORKS CITED:Specific EntrieslBook:Author.Title.City:Publisher,date.Corti,Lillian.The Myth of Medea and the Murder of Children.Westport,CT:Greenwood Press,1998.lArti

30、cle in a Magazine:Author.“Title of Article.”Title of Periodical Date:page(s).Gerard,Jeremy.“Review of Redwood Curtain.”Variety April 5,1993:p.43.第29页WORKS CITED:Specific EntrieslArticle in a Newspaper:Author(if given).“Title of Article.”Title of Newspaper Complete date,section number or title:page(s

31、).Kerr,Walter.“The Lives they Lived.”The New York Times 29 December 1996,late ed.:sec.1:53.lArticle or Story in a Collection of Anthology:Author.“Title.”Book Title.Editor.City:Publisher,date.Pages.Franklin,Benjamin.“The Speech of Miss Polly Baker.”Benjamin Franklin:The Autobiography and Other Writin

32、gs.Ed.Kenneth Silverman.New York:Viking,1986.209-213.第30页WORKS CITED:Specific EntrieslArticle in a Scholarly Journal:Author.“Title of Article.”Journal Title Volume number(complete date):pages covered by article.Witham,Barry B.“Images of America.”Theatre Journal 34(May 1982):223-232.lEncyclopedia“Tit

33、le of Article.”Title of Encyclopedia.Year of the edition.“Plath,Sylvia.”Encyclopedia Britannica.ed.第31页WORKS CITED:Specific Entries Electronic SourcesDirect E-Mail to You(Not a Discussion Group)Author of e-mail title or area of expertise,professional affiliation.“Subject line.”E-mail to the author(m

34、eaning you)date.Rushbrook,Sally poet.“For Goths Sake.”E-mail to the author.7 June 1999.Standalone Database or CD-ROMAuthor.“Title.”(or the heading of the material you read)Title of Entire Work publishing information of original,if known.Title of Database.Publication Medium.Vendor(if relevant).Electr

35、onic publication date.Good,Sarah.“Goth Tradition in Adolescents.”Newsday 16 Mar.1997 sec.Life:1.Newsbank Newsday.CD-ROM.1999.第32页WORKS CITED:Specific Entries Electronic SourceslOnline Source or Website:NOTE-.Author or organization.“Title of section,if given.”Title of the Complete Work.Date of public

36、ation or last revision.Sponsoring organization if different from author.Date you viewed the site.Elder,Preston.“What is Goth?”G.,.G.30 March .lPosting to a Discussion Group:Author(not screen name).“Subject line of article.”Online posting.Date of posting.Group to which it was sent multiple group name

37、s separated by comma.Date you viewed it.Rushbrook,Sally.“Plath and Me.”Online posting.7 June.G.6 March.第33页WORKS CITED:Special CaseslNo Author:Alphabetize according to the first main word in the title,ignoring the articles a,an,and the.“Moonshot Tape.”Antaeus.Ed.Daniel Helpern.New York:Ecco Press,19

38、91.lTwo or More Authors:Give the last name first for the first author only.Hall,David,Laura Henigman,and Lillian Corti.Worlds of Wonder,Days of Judgement.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1990.第34页WORKS CITED:Special CaseslMore Work by Same Author:Use three hyphens and a period(-.)in place of the a

39、uthors name and alphabetize the works according to title.Wilson,Lanford.Day.New York:Dramatists Play Service,1994.-.Sympathetic Magic.New York:Dramatists Play Service,1998.-.Tally and Son.New York,Dramatists Play Service,1995.第35页WORKS CITED:Special CaseslRadio/Television Program:Speaker Name.Progra

40、m Title.Company if known.Network and/or station call letters,city.Date of broadcast.Mangone,Carlo.Weekend Edition Saturday.Natl.Public Radio.KSMU,Springfield,MO.31 May 1997.lVideo/DVD or Audio Recording:Author,Director,or Performer.Title.Format.Distributor,date.Frizell,Michael.I Hate Hamlet.DVD.Litt

41、le Theatre Home Video,.第36页WORKS CITED:Special CaseslPamphlet:Follow the format for a book.If no date is listed,use n.d.lInterview,Speech,or Lecture:Speakers name Speakers position.Type of presentation.Location,date.Jenkins,Jeff Owner and Creative Director,The Skinny Improv Theatre.Personal Intervie

42、w.Springfield,MO.29 March.第37页Arrange of Thoughts New ideas expressed after a review of the old:This arrangement not only can express the authors ideas in proper sequence,but also conforms the reading expectation of readers(so that their thoughts do not break)The use of land,water and minerals has i

43、ncreased more than tenfold during the past two centuries.Future increases in population and economic development will intensify this pressure.*Major environmental changes varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere are the likely cumulative impacts of human activities

44、.第38页lThe third sentence of the passage should be changed into:l The cumulative impacts of human activities are likely to lead to major environmental changes,varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere.第39页Use of Active Voice and Passive VoiceThe fact that such proces

45、ses are under strict stereo-electronic control is demonstrated by our work in this.(18 words)Our work in this area demonstrates that such processes are under strict stereo-electronic control.(14 words)Subjects of sentences should be clear and coherent logically,change of voices in the same sentence

46、should be avoided so as not to make the sentence lengthy or circuitous第40页lThese vugs carry no gold and the tenor of the vein has not been affected by them.l These vugs carry no gold and do not affect the tenor of the vein.第41页Avoid Dangling modifierDangling modifier refers to the case that the verb

47、 phrase has nothing to do with the subject of the sentence,namely,there is inconsistency between the logic subject of the verb prase and the subject of the main clause.Wrong:Using the procedure described previously,the partition function can be evaluated.Right:Using the procedure described previousl

48、y,we can evaluate the partition function.第42页lWrong:When confronted with these limitations,the experiments were discontinued.lRight:When confronted with these limitations,we discontinued the experiments.lWrong:After determining the mapping of Ai from L1to Lp,the next array dimension can be processed

49、 in the same way.lRight:After determining the mapping of Ai from L1to Lp,we can process the next array dimension in the same way.第43页Avoid writing long sentences that contain confusing ideas In English,the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences.One can usually

50、recognize a very long sentence by its length sixty words or more.However,sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long sentences if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea.第44页Too long:The gear transmission is grade seven,the gear gap is,0.00012 radians,the gear gap has diffe