新课程阅读教学的理论和实践初探市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx
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1、新课程阅读教学理论和实践初探新课程阅读教学理论和实践初探北京工业大学从属中学北京工业大学从属中学孔孔 彬彬第1页测一测:你认为以下说法正确吗测一测:你认为以下说法正确吗?nReading has only one purpose,i.e.to get information.Reading has only one purpose,i.e.to get information.nReading is a silent activityReading is a silent activity.nReading aloud does not help much with comprehension
2、.Reading aloud does not help much with comprehension.nReading with a purpose is more effective than reading without a Reading with a purpose is more effective than reading without a purposepurpose.nWhen we read,our eyes are constantly moving from letter to letter,When we read,our eyes are constantly
3、 moving from letter to letter,word to word and sentence to sentence.word to word and sentence to sentence.nReading is an individual activityReading is an individual activity.nWe need to know all the words in order to understand a text.We need to know all the words in order to understand a text.nWe r
4、ead everything with the same speedWe read everything with the same speed.When reading in a foreign When reading in a foreign languagelanguage,we mentally translate everything in order to understand we mentally translate everything in order to understand.nIt is helpful to use a dictionary to check an
5、d note down the meaning of It is helpful to use a dictionary to check and note down the meaning of all the new words while reading.all the new words while reading.nThe lack of cultural knowledge may affect the rate of reading The lack of cultural knowledge may affect the rate of reading comprehensio
6、ncomprehension.Possessing a large amount of vocabulary is the key for Possessing a large amount of vocabulary is the key for reading comprehensionreading comprehension.nReading can best be improved by being engaged in reading and Reading can best be improved by being engaged in reading and reading m
7、ore.reading more.第2页英语课程标准总目标对阅读能力描述英语课程标准总目标对阅读能力描述?高中英语课程要在全方面提升学生听,说,读,写四项技能以及这四种技能综合利用能力前提下,着重培养学生了解与表示能力,用英语获取信息,处理信息能力,用英语分析问题,处理问题能力等。第3页怎样了解英语阅读怎样了解英语阅读?阅读首先是阅读首先是“为了得到乐趣,为了得到乐趣,为了获取信息为了获取信息”。阅读不应只是。阅读不应只是为了学习语法,词汇,更主要是为了学习语法,词汇,更主要是经过阅读,获取新知识,提升认经过阅读,获取新知识,提升认知水平,增强分析问题和处理问知水平,增强分析问题和处理问题能力
8、。题能力。第4页怎样了解英语阅读教学怎样了解英语阅读教学?阅读教学应该以阅读技能培养和阅读教学应该以阅读技能培养和提升为主要目标。提升为主要目标。同时,经过阅读教学使学生得到同时,经过阅读教学使学生得到语言输入,从而扩大词汇量,增强语言输入,从而扩大词汇量,增强语感,提升语言水平。语感,提升语言水平。经过阅读教学,使学生了解英语经过阅读教学,使学生了解英语文化背景知识。文化背景知识。第5页 The teaching reading is to guide students to learn to read so that they can read to learn in the future
9、.It is important to make reading an enjoyable and fruitful experience for the students.阅读教学指导思想是什么?阅读教学指导思想是什么?第6页新课程阅读教学标准是什么新课程阅读教学标准是什么?nKey words and background knowledge about the topic can be taught or activated before reading.nTasks should be clearly given in advance and it should provide a p
10、urpose which motivates students.nTasks should help develop students reading skills rather than test their reading comprehension.nThe teacher should help the students not merely cope with one particular text but develop their reading strategies and reading ability in general so that they will be enab
11、led to tackle other texts.nThe teacher should help students to read on their own.We should aim at gradually withdrawing our guidance as our students progress so that they eventually become independent readers.第7页阅读了解所需能力有哪些阅读了解所需能力有哪些?nDistinguishingfactsfromopinionsnUnderstandingthecommunicativeval
12、uenUnderstandingrelationswithinsentencesnUnderstandingrelationsbetweensentencesnUnderstandingreferencenMakinginferences(推测)(推测)nEvaluatingtheauthorsattitudeandopinions第8页阅读了解基本技能是什么阅读了解基本技能是什么?1.Skimming(略读)略读目标是经过扫描快速掌握短文主 旨大意。2.Scanning(跳读)跳读主要用来搜索,确定信息,从而到达找出答案,处理问题目标。第9页掌握略读(掌握略读(Skimming)关键)关键?
13、1.识别关键词:准确识别短文中关键词语(Key-word),经过对关键词语掌握来推断句子内容;确定段落主题句(Topic sentence),经过主题句了解整篇作品主旨大意。2.主旨预测(Predicting/Anticipating):经过阅读标题或短文第一段,对全篇内容预测。第10页掌握跳读(掌握跳读(Scanning)关键)关键?1.在进行跳读时,读者对于希望取得信息要有一个明确认识,即一个详细问题,带着问题去寻找答案。2.读者应能在快速扫描中捕捉到所需信息内容,有时是一个词,一句话或一段话。在开始搜索前,读者也可将所需信息概括为关键词或词组,方便更为快速地在文章中找到相对应词语。第11
14、页阅读了解三种模式是什么?阅读了解三种模式是什么?nThe Bottom-up Model(信息驱动)(信息驱动)nThe Top-down Model(意念驱动)(意念驱动)nThe Interactive Model(综合或交替)(综合或交替)第12页怎样了解怎样了解 The Bottom-up Model?“自下而上自下而上”模式,强调输入模式,强调输入材料中语言信息,认为阅读要从材料中语言信息,认为阅读要从最小语言单位入手,对信息进行最小语言单位入手,对信息进行加工处理,比如:从加工处理,比如:从字母字母识别识别到到单词单词,短语短语,句子句子了解了解,乃至对,乃至对阅读阅读内容内容最
15、终最终判断判断等。等。第13页怎样了解怎样了解 The Top-down Model?“自上而下自上而下”模式,认为读者在模式,认为读者在接触阅读文章时,它接触阅读文章时,它标题标题,词语词语,话语话语,图表图表,符号符号等都可能等都可能激活激活读读者大脑中者大脑中相关知识相关知识,从而使读者找,从而使读者找到阅读定位,并形成对内容到阅读定位,并形成对内容预测预测。成功预测可使读者顺利地完成阅读。成功预测可使读者顺利地完成阅读。第14页怎样了解怎样了解 The Interactive Model?实际上,在阅读过程中,以上实际上,在阅读过程中,以上两种模式会交替使用,甚至同时两种模式会交替使用
16、,甚至同时使用,这取决于文章使用,这取决于文章类型类型,读者,读者已经有已经有背景知识背景知识和和语言能力语言能力。在。在此基础上,学者们提出了一个新此基础上,学者们提出了一个新模式,即:模式,即:“综合或交替综合或交替”模式。模式。第15页阅读了解过程是什么阅读了解过程是什么?Grellet 认为英语阅读过程认为英语阅读过程是一个不停是一个不停猜测猜测过程,读者已经过程,读者已经有知识比要接收新知识更为主要。有知识比要接收新知识更为主要。这就是为何我们要让学生利用这就是为何我们要让学生利用已已知知去认识,了解去认识,了解未知未知。第16页怎样用流程图展示阅读了解过程怎样用流程图展示阅读了解过
17、程?浏览浏览:标题,长度,:标题,长度,插图,字体等插图,字体等 预测预测:内容,功效内容,功效 及文体结构及文体结构快速阅读快速阅读确认或修正预测确认或修正预测愈加仔细地阅读愈加仔细地阅读 深入预测深入预测第17页阅读教学三个阶段是什么?阅读教学三个阶段是什么?n Pre-reading n While-readingn Post-reading第18页Pre-readingnBy By pre-reading pre-reading activities,activities,we we mean mean tasks/activities tasks/activities that th
18、at students students do do before before they they read read the the text text in in detail.detail.Such Such activities activities could could be be pooling pooling together together the the existing existing knowledge knowledge about about the the topic,topic,predicting predicting the the contents
19、contents of of the the text,text,skimming skimming or or scanning scanning the the text text or parts of the text for certain purposes.or parts of the text for certain purposes.nThe The purpose purpose of of pre-reading pre-reading is is to to facilitate facilitate while-reading while-reading activi
20、ties.activities.At At this this stage,stage,students students and and teacher teacher prepare prepare themselves themselves for for the the tasks tasks and and familiarise familiarise themselves themselves with with the the topic topic of of reading reading.The The main main purpose purpose is is to
21、 to create create expectations expectations and and arouse the students interest in the topic of the text.arouse the students interest in the topic of the text.第19页阅读教学阅读教学读前读前活动训练什么技能?活动训练什么技能?n predictingn setting the scene (usingpictures,stories,questions,video,etc.)n skimmingn scanning第20页文章标题对预
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