量子力学入门-英语课件.ppt

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1、Hello,everyone!My name is Zheng Zerui,from School of Materials Science and Engineering.My teammates are Zhang Yuhan,Wang Yabo,Wu Qihang,Li Wei,Zhang Wei,Li Jiang,Chen Penghui.大家好！我是材料学院的郑泽锐，我的队友有张宇寒、王亚博、吴起航、李伟、张维、李江、陈鹏辉。1Many people have the idea that quantum mechanics is far from us and it is so co

2、mplex that only geniuses have the ability to know it.许多人认为量子力学离我们很远，并且只有天才们才能了解它。2Is quantum mechanics far from us?量子力学离我们真的很远吗？No,it is just around us.当然不是，它无处不在！3Laser激光4Electron Microscope 电子显微镜Scanning Picture扫描图片5SemiconductorSemiconductor半导体半导体The theory of semiconductor based on quantum mecha

3、nicsmake information industry flourish.基于量子力学的半导体理论，使信息产业蓬勃发展。6iPhoneThe 21st century will become information age，quantum age!21世纪将会变为信息时代，量子时代！iPad-37Now we see that quantum mechanics is not far from us.现在我们知道了量子力学与我们紧密相关。Is quantum mechanics really complicated?那么，量子力学真的那么复杂吗？Absolutely not,it is v

4、ery easy.当然也不是，其实它是很简单的。8In 1900,Planck Put forward a hypothesis that energy is radiated and absorbed in discrete quanta,or energy elements,which successfully matched the observed patterns of black body radiation.1900年，普朗克提出能量的发射和吸收是按“一份一份”进行的假说，这个假说成功的解释了黑体辐射模型。PlanckPlanck9in 1905，Einstein used Pl

5、ancks quantum hypothesis realisticallyto explain thephotoelectric effect.1905年，爱因斯坦用普朗克的量子假设成功地解释了光电效应。Einstein10In 1913，Bohr proposed that electrons travel only in certain orbits and that any atom could exist only in a discrete set of stable states，and developed a new theory of the atom.1913年，波尔提出了

6、电子是按固定轨道运行和电子只能处于一些离散的稳定状态的假设。在此基础上，他推动了新的原子理论的发展。Bohr11The word quantum derives from Latin,meaning“how great”or“how much”.In quantum mechanics,it refers to a discrete unit that quantum theory assigns to certain physical quantities.量子这个词语来源于拉丁语，意思是“多大”或“多少”。在量子力学中，它指一些不连续的物理量。Light spectrum12In 1926

7、,Erwin Schrdinger formulated Schrdinger equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time.1926年，埃尔温薛定谔提出了薛定谔方程，这个方程用来描述物理系统中量子态是怎么样随时间变化的。schrdinger13For a general quantum system,Schrdinger equation is1415In conclusion,there are two points:A.Quantum mechanics is foun

8、ded by the hypothesis that energy is discrete.B.The core work of quantum mechanics is calculating theSchrdinger equation.So quantum mechanics is very easy.总而言之，这儿有两点比较重要：A.量子力学是以能量是不连续为假设建立的。B.量子力学的核心工作就是计算薛定谔方程。所以说，量子力学是很简单的。16Until now,we know that both quantum mechanics and relativity theory are

9、absolutely right.But there are some paradoxes between them，which may be the origin of revolution theory.迄今为止，我们知道量子力学与相对论都是非常正确的理论。但是，它们之间还是存在一些不兼容的地方。这些地方有可能成为未来革命性理论的起点。17Round one:About Black HoleRound one:About Black Hole第一回合：关于黑洞第一回合：关于黑洞According to the relativity theory,if a particle meet wit

10、h singular point,it can never come out.But quantum mechanics say that it can escape by possibility.根据相对论，如果一个粒子与黑洞的起点相遇，那么它再也不能跑出来了。但量子力学却说，它能以一定概率逃出来的。18Can a particle escape from the black hole?It is still a unsolved mystery.一个粒子能成黑洞中跑出来吗？这至今是个未解之谜。19Round two:About VelocityRound two:About Velocit

11、y第二回合：关于速度第二回合：关于速度According to the relativity theory,nothing can travel fasterthan light velocity.But quantum entanglement shows us that one particle can affect another with no time,no information.根据相对论，没有什么东西比光速还快。但量子纠缠态向我们展示，一个粒子能在瞬间影响其它地方的粒子，并且不需要传递什么作用力。20Scientists do not care who is right,the

12、y are designing quantum computer which is based on the theory of quantum entanglement.科学家们不管谁对谁错，他们已经在设计基于量子纠缠态的量子计算机。quantum computer量子计算机21Round three:About PossibilityRound three:About Possibility第三回合：关于概率第三回合：关于概率Einstein did not believe in the uncertain principle,so he said,God does not play di

13、ce.Bohr,in response,said Einstein,dont tell God what to do.爱因斯坦不相信量子力学的不确定原理，于是他说，上帝是不会掷骰子的。波尔则回复说，你不要告诉上帝该做什么事。22God does not play dice!上帝可不会掷骰子！Dont tell God what to do!不要告诉上帝该做什么！VS23History will tell people who is right finally.However,they are both heroes!历史自然会告诉谁对谁错。但无论如何，这些科学家们都是真正的英雄！Before we get truth,there is a long way;but if we pursue it without stop,we will smile at last.路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索！Here is a song for you.与大家分享首歌曲。24My lecture is over!Thanks for your view!我的演讲到此结束！谢谢大家捧场！25