英语四级培训资料代词应用省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

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1、ChapterSevenPronounsWangMengjing,SFS,CUMT.4.26第1页I代代词语法意法意义代代词是代替名是代替名词和相当于名和相当于名词词II代代词分分类，词法特征及使用方法法特征及使用方法代代词可分可分为九九类：人称代人称代词personalpronoun物主代物主代词possessivepronoun反身代反身代词selfpronoun指示代指示代词demonstrativepronoun相互代相互代词reciprocalpronoun:eachother;oneanother;第2页疑问代词疑问代词interrogativepronounEg.who,whom

2、,whose,which,what关系代词关系代词relativepronounEg.who,whom,whose,which,that,as连接代词连接代词conjunctivepronounEg.who,whom,whose,which,that,as不定代词不定代词indefinitepronounEg.some;any;all;somebody;nothing;第3页（一）人称代词（一）人称代词1人称代词语法意义人称代词语法意义用来代替人或事物名称词叫做人称代词用来代替人或事物名称词叫做人称代词2人称代词词法特征人称代词词法特征人称代词有些人称、数和格改变，单数第三人称代词有些人称、数

3、和格改变，单数第三人称还有性区分。人称还有性区分。第4页（1）人称代词形式）人称代词形式I/me;you/you;he/him;she/her;it/it;we/us;you/you;they/them;（2）人称代词在句中作用）人称代词在句中作用主语主语Iamacock.Youareateacher.Sheisanurse.Theyarecollegestudents.第5页宾语宾语a直接宾语直接宾语Wealllikehimverymuch.Myfathertaughtmetogrowcotton.b间接宾语间接宾语Thesungivesuslightandheat.Hegavemeanin

4、jectionofpenicillin.c介词宾介词宾语语Thestudentsarelisteningtoherattentively.TheLeagueSecretaryhadatalkwithmelastnight.表语表语-Whoisit?-Itisme.第6页注：注：人称代词人称代词we,you,they有时可用来泛指普通人有时可用来泛指普通人Weeattolive,notlivetoeat.Youshouldkeepcalmevenwhenyouareindanger.Theysaytheresgoingtobeanothergoodharvestthisyear.Theydont

5、allowustosmokehere.第7页she能够用来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、能够用来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、地球、月亮等，以表示亲切。地球、月亮等，以表示亲切。Chinaisasocialistcountry.Sheisoneofthebiggestcountriesintheworld.TheaircraftmovedslowlyforwardShebecameairborneandsherosecleanasaswallow.第8页在动词在动词be后作表语人称代词，在正式文体中后作表语人称代词，在正式文体中普通用主格，但在口语和非正式文体中，多用普通用主格，但在口语和非正式文

6、体中，多用宾格。假如跟有宾格。假如跟有who或或that引导从句则应用主引导从句则应用主格，但在非正式英语中也可用宾格。格，但在非正式英语中也可用宾格。ItisI.Itisme.Itisthey.Itsthem.Wasthatshe?Wasthather?ItisIwhodidit.Itismewhodidit.第9页在并列主语中，在并列主语中，I总放在最终，以示尊重他人。总放在最终，以示尊重他人。MymotherandIdroveinthecampus.诗歌中有一些古体人称代词诗歌中有一些古体人称代词thou你（主格）你（主格）;thee你（宾格）；你（宾格）；ye你们你们（复数）；（复数）

7、；第10页3it主要使用方法主要使用方法（1）用作人称代）用作人称代词指人以外一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。指人以外一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。Ithrewtheballtohimandhecaughtit.Fishinhabitsunderwater.Itswimswithitstail.指指婴幼儿及未知人幼儿及未知人Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.Thechildsmiledwhenitsawhismother.指前面已提到或将会发生事情指前面已提到或将会发生事情Youpromisedtowritetomeassoonasyouarrivedthere,bu

8、tyoudidntdoit.Iknewnothingaboutituntilmycousintoldme.第11页(2)代替指示代词this/that指做某个动作人-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Itsme.指引发某种情况事物Wemustfulfillourproductionplan.Itsourtask.Itsthewindshakingthewindow.第12页(3)用作非人称代用作非人称代词指自然指自然现象（如天气、气候、明暗等）象（如天气、气候、明暗等）-Whatstheweatherliketoday?-Itsfine./Itsverycoldtoday.Its

9、gettingdark.Itoftenrainsinsummeranditoftensnowsinwinterinthiscity.指指时间、季、季节Whattimeisitnow?Itshalfpastsix.Whatdayisittoday?ItsSunday.Whatsthedatetoday?ItsOct.1st.Whatseasonisit?Itswinter.第13页指环境情况指环境情况Itwasveryquietatthemoment.Itwillbelovelyintheparktoday.Itwasratherstuffyintheclassroomatthemoment.指

10、距离指距离ItisfifteenmilestoLondon.Itistenminutesdrivetothatcollege.Isitfartothestation?No,itsquitenear.第14页指量度指量度Howmuchisit?Its40yuan.Itwasthenatminustendegreescentigrade.Itistwentysquaremetersinarea.Itistenkilogramsinweight.ItisfifteenAustraliandollarsinprice.第15页(4)用作用作强调代代词Itis/was+被被强调部分部分+that/who

11、+句子其余部分可句子其余部分可强调主主语、宾语或状或状语强调人人时用用who/whom,也可用也可用that,其它情况均用其它情况均用that(间或用或用which)Tomfirstmetthemfiveyearsago.ItwasTomwhofirstmetthemfiveyearsago.ItwasthemwhomTomfirstmetfiveyearsago.ItwasfiveyearsagothatTomfirstmetthem.第16页（5）用作先行词）用作先行词用作形式主语：当主语为不定式、动名词短语或从句用作形式主语：当主语为不定式、动名词短语或从句时，把主语放在谓语动词之后，时

12、，把主语放在谓语动词之后，it置于句首做形式主语。置于句首做形式主语。ItsveryimportantforustostudyEnglish.Itsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.ItssaidthathehasbecomeaPartymember.第17页用作形式宾语用作形式宾语当复合宾语（宾语当复合宾语（宾语+宾补）中宾语是动词不定式、动名词宾补）中宾语是动词不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，或宾语从句时，把宾语放在它补足语后面，把把宾语放在它补足

13、语后面，把it放在谓语放在谓语和宾语之间做形式宾语。和宾语之间做形式宾语。Weconsideritnecessarytocombinetheorywithpractice.Shefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.Doyouthinkitanygoodsendingmorepeopleover?Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Theyfounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.Hethinksitapitythatshedidntpasstheexam.第18页(二二)物主代物主代词1语法意法意

14、义：表示所属关系：表示所属关系2词法特征：有些人称和数改法特征：有些人称和数改变，单数第三人称数第三人称还有性有性区分。区分。3形式形式:my/mine;your/yours;his/his;her/hers;its/its;our/ours;your/yours;their/theirs;第19页4在句中作用在句中作用（1）形容）形容词性物主代性物主代词定定语Ilovemywork.Heusuallywasheshishandsbeforedinner.（2）名）名词性物主代性物主代词主主语、宾语和表和表语Mypenisnthedesk;yoursisinyourpocket.Ourbook

15、sarehere;theirsareinthebookcase.Youmayhavemypen;Illhavehers.（动词宾语）Todaywewentinourcar;tomorrowwearegoingintheirs.（介（介宾）Thebookismine.Heknewthatthehousewashers.第20页注：注：1“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”（即双重所属格）可作定语（即双重所属格）可作定语Thischildofhersissolovely.Heisafriendofmine.2yours用在书信末尾用在书信末尾yourssincerely(Bri.E.);sinc

16、erelyyours(Am.E.);loveyours3诗歌中古体物主代词诗歌中古体物主代词thy=your;thine=yours第21页（三）反身代词（三）反身代词1语法意义：语法意义：表示主语动作对象或表现特征是自己本身。表示主语动作对象或表现特征是自己本身。2词法特征：词法特征：有些人称和数改变，单数第三人称还有性区分。有些人称和数改变，单数第三人称还有性区分。3形式形式:myself;yourself;himself;herself;itself;ourselves;yourselves;themselves;第22页4在句中作用在句中作用（1）宾语Heshaveshimselfev

17、erymorning.(直接直接宾语)Shesawherselfinthelooking-glass.(直接直接宾语)TheyareteachingthemselvesEnglish.（间接接宾语）Hecookedhimselfagoodmeal.（间接接宾语）Shethinksonlyaboutherself,neverofotherpeople.（介（介词宾语）Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.（介（介词宾语）第23页（2）表语）表语Ah,thatsbetter.Youareyourselfagain.Thatsmyself.Sheisnotherself

18、today.（3）同位语（表示强调）同位语（表示强调）Shedbetterasktheteacherhimself.Ifixedthewindowmyself.Youyourselfsaidso./Yousaidsoyourself.注：注：oneself也是一个反身代词，使用方法同上。也是一个反身代词，使用方法同上。第24页（四）指示代词（四）指示代词1语法意义：指示前面名词并代替它语法意义：指示前面名词并代替它2词法特征：除词法特征：除such,same,so外，有数改变。外，有数改变。3形式形式:单数单数:this;that;such;same;so;复数复数:these;those;第

19、25页4在句中作用在句中作用（1）主）主语ThisiswhereIlive.Thosewhowishtogosightseeingmaygonow.Suchislife.Thesameisthecasewithher.第26页（2）宾语）宾语Haveyoureadthis?（动词宾语）（动词宾语）Howdoyoulikethese?（动词宾语）（动词宾语）Wewillnottolerateanothersuch.（动词宾语）（动词宾语）Wemustsayallthesame.（动词宾语）（动词宾语）Iwillwritetoday.Doso.（动词宾语）（动词宾语）Doitlikethis.(介

20、词宾语介词宾语)Johnisthecaptainoftheteam,andassuch,mustdecidewhoistobatfirst.（介词宾语）（介词宾语）第27页（3）表语）表语WhatIwantisthis.Oh,itsnotthat.Ourviewsarethesame.Beitso.（4）定语）定语Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.Ilikethoseflowers.Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilm.Hesaidthesamethingalloveragain.第28页注：注：前面刚提过，英语用前面刚提过，英语用that/thoseMyc

21、arbrokedownontheway.ThatswhyIwaslate.下面要谈到用下面要谈到用thisIwilltellyouthis:whyisheabsent?第29页（五）相互代词（五）相互代词1语法意义：表示相互关系语法意义：表示相互关系2词法特征：有格和数改变词法特征：有格和数改变3形式形式:单数单数:eachother;eachothers（全部格）（全部格）复数复数:oneanother;oneanothers（全部格）（全部格）eachother指两个人或物；指两个人或物；oneanother指两个指两个以上人或物；当代英语中二者区分已不显著了。以上人或物；当代英语中二者区

22、分已不显著了。第30页4在句中作用在句中作用（1）宾语Foryearsthetwobrotherslookedaftereachother.（动词宾语）Wecareforandhelponeanother.（动词宾语）TheyspeakEnglishtoeachother.（介（介词宾语）Weoftencomparenoteswithoneanotheronourworkandstudy.（介（介宾）（2）定）定语Theyhavegreatconcernforeachotherswork.Studentscorrectoneanothersmistakesintheirhomework.第31

23、页（六）疑问代词（六）疑问代词1语法意义：表示疑问语法意义：表示疑问2词法特征：用来组成特殊疑问句，总是放在动词前，词法特征：用来组成特殊疑问句，总是放在动词前，可起名词或形容词作用。可起名词或形容词作用。3形式：形式：who；what；which；whom；whose；第32页4在句中作用在句中作用（1）who,whose,what,which作主作主语Whobrokethatwindow?Whoseisthebest?Whatmakesyouthinkthat?Whichofyouwillgowithme?（2）who,whose,what作表作表语Whoisthatman?Whosear

24、etheseglovesandwhoseisthisumbrella?第33页(3)whom,which,what作作动词宾语和介和介词宾语Whomdoyoulikebest?Whichwillyouhave,teaorcoffee?Whatwouldyouliketostudyinnextyearsliteraturecourse?（以上作（以上作动词宾语）Whomareyoulookingfor?Whomdidyougivetheletterto?Whichofthechairsdidyousiton?Whatwashespeakingtoyouabout?第34页（4）whose,whi

25、ch,what作定语作定语Whosehousedidyoulike?Whichboyshaveansweredcorrectlyallthequestions?Whatclassareyouin?第35页注：注：whom多用于书面语，口语中可用多用于书面语，口语中可用who代替，但介词代替，但介词后必须用后必须用whomWho/Whomdidyouborrowthebookfrom?Towhomdidyousendtheparcel?疑问代词作主语，谓语动词取决于它所代表人或物疑问代词作主语，谓语动词取决于它所代表人或物数，若单、复数不清楚，多用单数。数，若单、复数不清楚，多用单数。-Whol

26、ivesinthisroom?-TomandIliveinthisroom.第36页what指物，有时也指人，用来问询他人身份、职业。指物，有时也指人，用来问询他人身份、职业。Whatisheawriterorapoet?what,who,which后面加上后面加上ever，可加强语气，表示惊，可加强语气，表示惊奇、愤恨、愤慨等感情。奇、愤恨、愤慨等感情。Whoeverheardofsuchasillyidea?Whateverwereyouthinkingoftosuggestsuchaplan?第37页（七）关系代词（七）关系代词1语法意义：引导定语从句语法意义：引导定语从句2词法特征：全

27、部格区分起三个作用词法特征：全部格区分起三个作用连接作用连接作用替换替换作用作用充当句子成份充当句子成份3形式：形式：who；which；that；as；whom;whose；whose；第38页4在句中作用：主在句中作用：主语、宾语（动宾和介和介宾）、定）、定语Thisisthemanwhowantedtoseeyou.ThefilmwhichIsawlastnightisaboutayoungteacher.WhoisthemantowhomyouweretalkingwhenIsawyouyesterday?Ihopetogetsuchatoolasherepairedthisinstr

28、umentwith.Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.第39页（八）连接代词（八）连接代词1语法意义：语法意义：引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和让步状语从句引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和让步状语从句2词法特征：连接主句和从句并在从句中充当句子成份；词法特征：连接主句和从句并在从句中充当句子成份；有格分别有格分别3形式形式who；whoever；what；whatever；which；whichever；whom；whomever；whose；whosever；第40页4在句中作用：主在句中作用：主语、宾语(动宾和介和介宾)、表、表语、定

29、、定语(1)主主语从句从句Whichofthesetwoplansisbetterremainstobeseen?WhatthePartysaysisalwaystrue.Whattheyareafterisprofit.WhatmarketeconomyisiswhatImtoexplain.Whosefaultitisremainsamystery.Whicheverbookyouchooseisyours.Whoeverhaseyescanseewhatgreatachievementswehavemadesincethereformandopeningup.第41页（2）让步状语从句）

30、让步状语从句Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.Whateverhappens,weshallnotlosehope.（3）宾语从句）宾语从句WerereadytodowhateverthePartywantsustodo.Takewhicheverdictionaryyouneed.Whoeverhaseyescanseewhatgreatachievementswehavemadesincethereformandopeningup.第42页（4）表语从句）表语从句Thequestioniswhatweshoulddo.Thequestioniswhichweshou

31、ldchoose.Thequestioniswhomyoucanturntoforhelp.第43页（九）不定代词（九）不定代词1语法意义：用来泛指或代替名词、形容词语法意义：用来泛指或代替名词、形容词2词法特征词法特征含有名词和形容词性质含有名词和形容词性质(others/other)有可数和不可数区分有可数和不可数区分(every/some)有单、复数区分有单、复数区分(other/others)some与与any复合形式有指人和指物区分复合形式有指人和指物区分(somebody/something)第44页3形式形式some,any,no,all,both,neither,none,ei

32、ther,each,every,other,others,another,much,many,afew,few,little,alittle,one;somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody;someone,anyone,noone,everyone;something,anything,nothing,everything第45页4不定代不定代词在句中作用在句中作用(1)some主主语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Someareteachers;othersarestudents.Youmayhavesome.Somepeopleareearlyrisers.Ithap

33、penedsome20yearsago.(2)any主主语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Isthereanyleft?Icantfindany.Haventyouanyworktodo?Isheanybettertoday?第46页(3)no定定语Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.(4)all主主语、宾语、表、表语、定、定语、同位、同位语Allgoeswell.Isawallexceptone.Thisisallthereis.Allhopeisgone.Iknowthemall.(5)both主主语、宾语、定、定语、同位、同位语Bothareteachers.Youcantak

34、ebothofthem.Therearehousesonbothsidesofthestreet.Theybothranaway./Isawthemboth.第47页(6)none主主语、宾语、同位、同位语Noneofhispupilsfailedtheirexamination.Ilikenoneofthesefilms.Theynoneofthemhadsupper.(7)either主主语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Eitherofyoumaygo.Wedontwanteitherofthebooks.Therearehillsoneithersideoftheriver.Idontwan

35、ttheredone,either.第48页(8)neither主主语、宾语、定、定语Neitheriscorrect.Ilikeneither.Neitherbookissatisfactory.(9)each主主语、宾语、同位、同位语Eachmustdohisbest.Thedepartmentgaveeachofthestudentstwodictionaries.Eachoneofushashisduty.Theyeachputforwardaproposal.第49页(10)every定定语Everymanhashisweakness.(11)other主主语、宾语、定、定语Onei

36、sateacher;theotherisadoctor.Iwillcarryonebag;youmaytaketheother.Haveyouanyotherquestions?(12)another宾语、定、定语Pleaseshowmeanother.Haveanothercupoftea,please.第50页(13)much-主主语、表、表语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Muchhasbeendone.Itistoomuch.Hedoesntreadmuch.Muchsnowhasfallen.Shedoesntswimmuch.(14)many主主语、表、表语、宾语、定、定语Manyoft

37、hemhaveleftforthecountryside.Theyaretoomanytoenumerate.Howmanydoyouwant?Manypeoplethinkso.第51页(15)afew-主主语、宾语、定、定语Afewofthemarefromthenortheast.Hehastakenafewwithhim.Ihaveafewfriendsexceptyou.(16)few主主语、宾语、定、定语Fewknowandfewcare.Therearemanynewstudents.Ijustknowfewofthem.Fewpeoplethinksmokingisgoodfo

38、rhealth.第52页(17)alittle主主语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Alittleisknownabouthim.IknowalittleaboutEnglishgrammar.Dontworry.Youstillhavealittletime.Heisalittlebetter.(18)little主主语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语Littleremainstobedoneaboutit.Hesayslittlebutdoesmuch.Thereislittlehope.Itslittlebetterthannothing.第53页(19)one主主语、宾语、定、定语、表、表语One

39、shouldbecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Iwantlargeones,notsmallones.Toreadaforeignlanguageisonething;tospeakitisanother.Onemustloveonescountry.Thisisthelastone.注：注：one代替人代替人时，全部格形式，全部格形式为ones;反身代反身代词形式形式为oneself;复数形式复数形式为ones;第54页(20)somebody,someone,something主主语、宾语、表、表语Somebodyhasstolenmybag.Finallyhe

40、metsomeoneheliked.Itmustbesomethingofimportance.(21)anybody,anyone,anything主主语、宾语、表、表语Anybodycandothis.Idontwanttomeetanyone.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?第55页(22)nobody,noone,nothing主主语、宾语、表、表语Noonecananswerthequestion.Ihaveeatennothingtoday.Heisjustanobody.(23)everybody,everyone,everythingEveryonesh

41、oulddohisbesttoservethepeople.HetoldeverybodythathewasLord.Moneyisnoteverything.第56页注：注：1不定代词放在不定代词放在not前或后都是部分否定；全部否定要前或后都是部分否定；全部否定要借助全否定词：借助全否定词：neither,none,noone,nobody,nothingAllbirdscannotfly.Notallthebirdscanfly.Noneofthebirdscanfly.第57页2人称代人称代词排列次序排列次序(1)单数：数：2ndperson-3rdperson-1stpersonYo

42、u,FredandIarrivedatthesametime.(2)复数：复数：1stperson2ndperson3rdpersonWe,youandtheycantotogether.第58页(3)I居首情况居首情况认可可错误时，先自，先自检讨；Iandhemadethemistakes.代表国家，突出元首地位；代表国家，突出元首地位；IandalltheministerswarmlywelcomeYourHighness.和和I并列成份是不定代并列成份是不定代词；Iandoneortwootherswerelateforclass.和和I并列成份有后置定并列成份有后置定语；Iandtheoldhousekeeperwholooksaftermeliveonthethirdfloor.第59页3some在否定和疑在否定和疑问句中使用方法句中使用方法（1）希望得到）希望得到预期回答或勉励期回答或勉励对方方给予一个必定回答予一个必定回答（2）表示邀）表示邀请、请求或求或问询意意见（3）当）当some与与of在否定句中在否定句中连用用时，表示是，表示是“部分否部分否定定”；用；用any表示表示“全部否定全部否定”Idontknowsomeofthepeople.Idontknowanyofthepeople.第60页