英语阅读理解微技巧细节理解题之解题策略课(课堂PPT).ppt

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1、英语阅读微技能英语阅读微技能-细节理解题之解题策略细节理解题之解题策略-南京九中南京九中吕若男吕若男2018.4.161推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义阅读常见题型阅读常见题型篇章结构篇章结构主旨大意主旨大意作者态度作者态度细节理解细节理解2高考阅读考查细节理解题：高考阅读考查细节理解题：3Spotthedifferences4细节理解题细节理解题 测试学生对测试学生对特定细节特定细节或或重要事实重要事实的的辨认能力辨认能力类型划分类型划分1：直接辨认型直接辨认型:获取信息获取信息-记住信息记住信息-回忆并对号入座回忆并对号入座如：如：Which buttons directly contro

2、l the movement of the Rocket Ball?5 细节理解题细节理解题 类型划分类型划分1：间接辨认型间接辨认型:获取信息获取信息-加工转换加工转换-得出正确释义得出正确释义 同义（反义）转换、同义（反义）转换、排序、图文转换、排序、图文转换、数字转换、数字转换、6细节理解题细节理解题 类型划分类型划分2：集中型集中型:就单个特定细节提问，答案位于单句就单个特定细节提问，答案位于单句 和和上下文处上下文处如：如：As is mentioned in the card,the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in t

3、hat_7细节理解题细节理解题 类型划分类型划分2：分散型分散型:正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在散在文中多处文中多处如：如：1.Which of the following is Not Mentioned/True?2.We can learn from the passage that _.3.All the following statements may be true except_ .8细节理解题细节理解题 题型：题型：1.文章细节题：文章细节题：what/who/when/where/how/why2.是非题：是非题：Which of the fol

4、lowing is Not True?3.图表数据题图表数据题(计算计算)4.排序题排序题5.其他题：其他题：91正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错“干扰项干扰项”面面观面面观3无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想4文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问5张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念2以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大10正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错 The robot Buddy can patrol the home when the residents are not home and contact a persons phone if it detects an i

5、ntruder or fire.Many of the robots have cameras that act as eyes.For those concerned about someone hacking into a robot to peep into a home,there are safeguards to look for when purchasing one.“When the camera is activated,we will show it on the screen and specific lights so you know that someone is

6、 using your camera,”Hasselvander said about Buddy.What do we know about“Buddy”?A.2018 weil witness Buddy go into different families.B.Buddy is equipped with special eyes to protect itself.C.Buddy can safeguard the home and sound the fire alarm.D.Buddy has an advantage over conventional smart product

7、s.11 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most co

8、mmon symptoms.Which of the following statements is NOT True?A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poisoning means death.C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.D.Food poisoning can be serious.以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大12以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大 .The system wouldnt mean having to keep your lights on all the

9、 time either,Haas says-bulbs could be dimmed to such a point that they appear off,but still transmit.The system can easily network any device with an LED lightan electric kettle,an oven.LED streetlights could even be used to form a network of outdoor Li-Fi,making it possible to stay connected when w

10、alking around the city.But some sound a cautious note about VLCs future.It becomes less powerful,for example,when light is blocked,wheather due to fog or other conditions.We can learn from the passage that _A.Li-Fi can work with LED lights off.B.Li-Fi can be used with all household appliancesC.Li-Fi

11、 cant work outdoors.D.Li-Fi needs improving to meet diverse need.13.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to t

12、he knees.1.We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because_.A.they want to walk comfortablyB.chunky（粗短高跟）（粗短高跟）heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto(细高跟细高跟)heeled pairsC.chunky heels do less harm to kneesD.chunky heels are not painful at all无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想 Wide-heeled shoes feel

13、 comfortable,so women wear them all day long,”Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels,but just as had for your knees.”.14 .The first study looked only at stilettoheels,and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky（粗短）（粗短）high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.Th

14、is study confirms what we all intuitively know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health,said Dr.Glenn Pfeifer,a San Francisco doctor Kerri gans late study looked at the chunky high-heeled shoes because_.A.they feel more comfortableB.they are related to knee osteoarthritisC.they

15、 are worn by many womenD.they are different from stiletto heels文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问 Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,so women wear them all day long,Kerrigan said.They are better for your feet than stiletto（细高跟）（细高跟）heels,but just as had for your knees.“.15 The warden(狩猎监督官狩猎监督官)set out three steel

16、traps that night.In the morning one was empty.The other two had been stolen by the beavers(河狸河狸)and used to strengthen the dam.The warden,cursing the state law against hunting beavers with firearms,got his traps back and set them out again and again.And every night the beavers stole them.What did th

17、e local game warden do?A.He made steel traps to strengthen the dam.B.He set out to hunt the beavers with firearms.C.He learned a lot about the construction of the dam.D.He used petrol-soaked bags to drive the beavers away.张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念16 Treatment centres have popped up around the world.In 2006

18、 Amsterdams Smith&Jones facility claims to be“the first and,currently,the only residential video-game treatment program in the world”.In America the restart Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat internet addiction,gaming addiction,and even“texting addiction”.In China,meanwhile,military

19、-style“boot camps”are the preferred way to treat internet problems.Which of the following is true about the worlds efforts to fight Internet addiction?B.Amsterdam once started the worlds first video-game treament program.D.Military-style camps in China prove to be the best to treat Internet probmlem

20、s.171正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错“干扰项干扰项”面面观面面观3无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想4文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问5张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念2以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大18细节理解题细节理解题 解题原则及步骤、方法：解题原则及步骤、方法：原则原则：忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，不能主观臆断不能主观臆断步骤和方法步骤和方法：Step1：题干中选定：题干中选定关键词关键词（定位词）（定位词）Step2：通过：通过略读、查读略读、查读锁定文中锁定文中定位区域定位区域Step3:结合信息区域上下文结合信息区域上下文

21、理解、比对理解、比对 Step4:排除干扰项排除干扰项，筛选筛选得出答案得出答案19定位词通常是哪些词？定位词通常是哪些词？1.人名、人名、地地名等名等专有名词专有名词；年份、数字等；年份、数字等数词数词及题干中的及题干中的大写名词大写名词2.指指代具体代具体事物或人事物或人物物的的名名词词3.词词义鲜义鲜明的明的动词、形容词、副词动词、形容词、副词等等实词实词20题干和正确选项的典型特点题干和正确选项的典型特点替换关键词替换关键词：把文中关键词转化替换成：把文中关键词转化替换成同同/近义词近义词，设置题干或正确选项。，设置题干或正确选项。词性或语态变化词性或语态变化:把原文句中的词变换词把原

22、文句中的词变换词性或语态，以制造理解障碍。性或语态，以制造理解障碍。语言简化语言简化,长话短说：长话短说：把原文中散杂语言把原文中散杂语言现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。21 When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,and at restaurants did

23、 not take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.41.Why was the authors mother poorly served?A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was not very polite.替换关键词

24、（同替换关键词（同/近义词替换）近义词替换）偷换概念偷换概念无中生有无中生有22 Confucius.assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some had more potential than others,and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed.66.What made

25、some people different from others according to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community词性或语态变化词性或语态变化23 Traditionally,people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.The practice of“taking the waters”originated with the Romans,who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by b

26、uilding a healthy body.Across Europe,drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with the power to cure various diseases 1Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor.B.Bottled water sales have risen,for its cheaper than tap wate

27、r.C.Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water.D.Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.词性或语态变化词性或语态变化无中生有无中生有24 Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal exp

28、enses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This

29、 will probably never happen.Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A.Its leaders misused the money B.It spent too much repairing the islandC.Its phosphate mining cost much money D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.语言简化，长话短说语言简化，长话短说偷换概念偷换概念未然变已然未然变已然251.关注起承转合的关注起承

30、转合的过渡词过渡词，如，如however，but，moreover，therefore，hence，thus，nevertheless等，要特别注意句等，要特别注意句子前后意义的子前后意义的转折，递进，因果转折，递进，因果等关系。等关系。2.警惕警惕语气绝对语气绝对的词，如：的词，如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,none，completely,absolutely等，通常等，通常不是答案不是答案3.关注关注试探性语气试探性语气的词，如的词，如probably,possibly,may,usually,might,moreor

31、less,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,，tendto，beliableto，往往，往往是答案是答案选项的其他注意事项选项的其他注意事项263.了解题目设计了解题目设计常考位置常考位置因果关系处因果关系处转折处转折处引言处引言处列举处列举处比较处比较处27Pcacticemakesbetter！运用解题方法和策略，大家一起练练手运用解题方法和策略，大家一起练练手28高考阅读考查细节理解题：高考阅读考查细节理解题：297/8/9/10.2分分30HomeworkuFinishtheexercisesuAppreciateandaccumulateadvancedvocabularyandgoodsentences31