新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义语法八主谓一致.docx

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1、八、主谓一致 对应学生用书PI77 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1 ,（2019全国卷 I ）0f the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six（be） stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2 （2019-浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody （have） to worry about fhshion（时尚）.3 （2018全国卷

2、I ）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it （be） more effective at lengthening life than walking.4 （2018-浙江卷）You probably have been using caffeine since childhood. Caffeine （be） in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.5 , （2017全国卷 I ）Fa

3、st food（be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.答案与解析1 - are0根据three are declining可知此处数词six做主语，要用复数谓语5时态为一般 现在时5故填are。2 - has/will haveo句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时5没有人会担心时尚问题。此处用一 般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解 为when引导的时间状语从句

4、，遵循主将从现原则，主句可以使用将来时will do。故填has/will haveo3 - iso根据主句时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，另外宾语从句主语为it，故此处用iso4 -waso根据上下文内容以及空处所在句中的“in your first Coke”可知，此处描述的是发 生在过去的事，且主语是不可数名词Caffeine，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 waso5 - iso此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓 语动词，又因主语为“Fast food”，故填is。对应学生用书P178主谓一致，即谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。下面就中学英语所

5、涉及的内容作些介绍。情况例句常用单数当主语是不可数名词、可数名 词单数、单数代词、不定式（短 语）、动名词（短语）或从句等时 谓语动词用单数The work is important.To serve the country is our duty.代词each以及由every some， no，any等构成的复合代词作 主语，或主语中含有each，every时谓语动词用单数Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.Each girl and each boy in

6、 ourclass likes sports.表示金钱、时间、价格或度量 衡的复数名词作主语时，通常 把这些名词看作一个整体，谓 语动词用单数Ten years is a moment in history.Three weeks was allowed fbr making the necessary preparations.Ten thousand dollars is alarge sum.以-ics结尾表学科的复形名词 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数Mathematics is my favorite.Politics is often a topic fbr discussion am

7、ong us.在这样一些短语，如“many a，more than one n 所修饰的 词作主语时，谓语动词多用单 数形式。Many a person has read the novel.取思观形定单复“the+形容词/分词”做主语 指“一类”人或事物时，谓语 动词常用复数；但若指“某 一个”人或“抽象的”事物 时，谓语动词用单数The poor need help from society.The agreeable is not always the useful.当主语是由and并列的两个 或两个以上的部分组成时，谓 语动词一般都用复数；但如果 由and并列的两部分表示的 是一个单一

8、的概念，或指同一 人或同一物时（and此时连接 的两个词前只有一个冠词）5 谓语动词用单数Reading and writing are very important.The iron and steel industry is very important.在“复数名词+定语从句” 中，从句的谓语动词一般用复This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.数；但如果“one”前有“this， the，the only”等词修饰时， 定语从句的引导词指代one， 做从句主语时，从句谓语动词用单数He was the onl

9、y one of the boys who was praised.主语是“a number of（许多）/a variety of（各式各样）+复数 名词”做主语时，谓语动词用 复数；但 “the number/variety of +复数名词”做主语时， 谓语动词用单数A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.The number of students in this college has doubled.There are a variety of toys in this shop.The variety of good

10、s in this shop is rich.the Olympics做主语，谓语动 词用单数；the Olympic Games 做主语，谓语动词用复数The 2016 Olympics was considered a big success.The 2016 Olympic Games were considered a big success.a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses做主语时，谓语动词用 单数；如果 shoes，trousers， glasses做主语时，谓语动词用 复数A pair of shoes was just what he w

11、anted.Shoes were just what he wanted.a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数形 式；“one or two+复数名词” 做主语，谓语动词用复数形式An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.一两个苹果放在桌子上。集体名词 audience，class 5 family ?team 5 group 等做主语 时，若指一个整体，谓语动词 用单数；若指具体成员，则用 复数。The class is big.这个班很大。The class are disc

12、ussing the plan.这个班（的学生）正在讨论 这个计划。（指该班学生）邻近优先当主语由eitheror.”， neither.nor./或not only.but also”连接时，谓语 动词与最邻近的主语保持一致Either you or she is to go.当主语是由“notAbutB”结 构组成时，谓语动词的数取决 于B的数Not you but your brother is to blame.如果句子是由here there引 导，而主语又不止一个，则谓 语动词的数通常和最邻近的 主语一致There is a pen，a knife and two books on

13、 the desk.There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class.Here are two books fbr you.向、八刖看主语当主语后面接有由with， together with，like , except， including，but，no less than， rather than、as well as 等词引 导的短语时，谓语动词的数与 这些词前面的主语的数保持一致A woman with children has e.He rather than you is responsible.All but

14、Jane know the secret.The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.of结构刖后观当主语被 half of，part of ?mostMost of his time is spentof , two thirds of，the rest of， some of，all of，none of 等修 饰时，谓语动词通常与of后 面的名词、代词保持一致travelling.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.amount of 和 qu

15、antity of 用来 修饰名词时，谓语动词要与 amount和quantity的数保持 TLarge amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed.由 a kind of this / that kind of， many / these / those kinds of 以 及名词+ of this kind和与kind 意义相近的sort，type构成的 类似短语做主语时，谓语动词 与of前的名词的数保持一致A new type of machine is on show now.一种新型的机器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now.这种类型的机器正在展出。