新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义语法七动词的时态和语态.docx

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1、七、动词的时态和语态 对应学生用书PI72 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1 （2019,全国卷 I ）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut（report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements.2 （2019,全国卷 H ）Picking up her Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.3

2、（2019-全国卷 II ）1 love ing here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years.4 （2019全国卷 ni）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and（remend） wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.5 （2019,全国卷ni）On the last day of our week-long stay, we（invite） to attend a private concert on

3、a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.6 （2019,浙江卷）0件 study in America found that students9 grades（improve） a little after the school introduced uniforms.7 （2018 全国卷 H ）Since 2011，the country（grow） more com than rice.8 （2018 全国卷 II ）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between

4、 2005一when the government（start） a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer remendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million tons.答案与解析1 , have reportedo考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语In recent years可知， 句子用现在完成时态5故填have reported。2 - declaredo考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据 后文ha

5、d可知，用一般过去时态，故填declaredo3 - have madeo考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此 处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have madeo4 - remendedo考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人和我们分享了很多他们的经历并推 荐了 一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。and”前后两个动作“shared与“remended”是并列 关系时态一致。故填remended。5 - were invitedo考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐 会由On the

6、 last day of our week-long stay v可知，句子时态为一般过去式，主语为we，用被动语态。故填were invited。6 - improvedo考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成 绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去 时，主句用一般过去时。故填improved。7 , has growno由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。8 startedo根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 对应学生用书P172（一）动词时态概述英语中动词共有16种时态，

7、其中一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、 过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般过去将来时、现在完成进行时， 使用频率较高，同学们应着重学会使用这十种时态。全部动词时态分类如下表：时体现在过去将来过去将来对应学生用书P*6（一）被动语态的构成1 .基本形式：be + v-ed（其中be是构成被动语态的助动词，v-ed为及物动词的过去 分词）2 各种时态的被动语态只需要将be动词作相应的变化即可，被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时（加括号的结构只需理解）:实义动词的被动结构情态动词的被动结构一般现在时am / is / are+v- ed一般过去时was / were+

8、v- ed一般将来时will / shall be+v- ed过去将来时would / should be+v- ed现在进行时am / is / are being+v- ed过去进行时was / were being+v- ed现在完成时has / have been+v- ed过去完成时had been+v- ed一般将来完成时(will / shall have been+v- ed)过去将来完成时(would / should have been+v- ed)can 、 couldmay might should would ought to cd+be+v-(二)被动语态的用法用法

9、例句(1)不知或没必要说明动作的执行者。Such books are written fbr children.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.(2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心，或者既关心 动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者。This song was posed(作曲)by a student.She is liked by everybody.(3)出于修辞的需要。He went to the country and was warmly weled. (此句使用同一主语，以求简练)(三)使用被动语态须注意的问题注意事项例句只有及物

10、动词和及物动词短语才有被动语 态，不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语 态，常见不及物动词和不及物动词短语有：appear，die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail， happen last、lie remain，sit，spread , stand , break out，e true，fall asleep , keep silent，lose heart，take place 等。The price has been risen.(X)The price has risen/ J)The price has raised.( X)The price has been ra

11、ised.( V)The accident was happened last week.( X)The accident happened last week.( J)This room is belonged to me.( X)This room belongs to me.( V)表示状态的及物动词，如have ?cost 5fit Uast， own，hold，bee等往往不能用于被动语态。The shirt fits him very well.( V)He is fitted very well by the shirt.( X)反身代词在句中做宾语时，不能用被动语态。You m

12、ust look after yourself.( V)Yourself must be looked after.( X)短语动词作为一个整体转换为被动语态时， 后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。All the rubbish should be got rid of.The child will be taken of by my mother.Such a thing has never been heard of before.动词(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock .)+ 副词(well / ba

13、dly / easily / smoothly)表小主语的属性特征时，用主动 形式表被动含义。This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.This type of car sells well in China.一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进 行时时态形式例句功能一般将来时shall(will) +动词原形/be going to +动词原形He will

14、 graduate from Harvard University next year.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状 态The students will have five English classes per week this term.Spring will e again.表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯 性动作I will study hard to catch up with him.He wont do it.用于第一人称后，will表决心或意 愿；否定句中有“不愿”的意思Will you open the door?用于请求对方许可I am going to buy a new

15、 coat this winter.决定、打算要做什么The ice is going to break.有迹象表明即将，可能将发生将来进行时shall(will)+be+v- ing 形式What will you be doing this time tomorrow?She will be working on the project all the next week.将来某个时刻或某个时段正在进 行或持续的动作Ill be seeing tomorrow.表示将来的安排打算Will you be having supper with us this evening?用于有礼貌地询问别

16、人的计划打 算一般过去将来时should(would)+ 动词原形 / was(were) going to +动词原形He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.从过去某时看来将要发生的动作 或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句Whenever we had troubles，he would e to help us.只用would表示过去的某种习惯 性行为She was going to do nothing that night.There was going to be a thunderstorm.表示过去的打算或计划或预见到 某事会

17、发生几个表将来的特殊形式be to +动词原形The highway is to be opened in May.表示计划或安排People didnt know that Einstein*s theories were to change our view表示注定要发生的事of the universe.You are to leave here right now.表小命令be about to +动词原形The talk is about to begin.He was about to leave when theycame.表不即将发生的动作，句中不可用 表示将来的时间状语be

18、on the point of +v- ing 形式She was on the point of winning when she fell down.He is on the point of making a round- the- world tour.表示即将要发生的事，“正要 时”be，e，go，begin，leave，arrive 等动词的一般现在时The term starts on 18th February.When does the train leave?根据规定预计要发生的动作或事 情时态形式例句功能一般现在时(l)be的各人称形式：I am；We/You/They

19、are；He/She/It is(2)行为动词第二人称单词在词尾 加s，es等；其他人称形式同原形I am a student and I study several subjects.表示目前的状态、事实We do morning exercises every day.The student goes home once a month.表示现在经常、反复发生的动作或 习惯性动作Iron feels hard ，but cotton feels soft.表事物的性质或状态Water boils at 100.The earth is round and it moves around t

20、he sun.表示自然现象喀观事实或普遍真 理If you take our advice，you will succeed.I will tell her the truth immediatelyI see her.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中， 用现在时表示将来发生的动作Tomorrow is to the timetable，thetrain es in at 8： 30 a. m.有些表示按规定，计划安排的动 作，用现在时表示将要发生的动作现在进行时I amHe/She/It isWe/You/They are+ doingThe boy is doing his lessons n

21、ow.表示此刻、说话时正在进行的动作My brother is studying in the U present.表示目前、现阶段正在发生的动作I am meeting tonight.My mother is ing to see me this weekend.He is leaving for Shanghai on Friday.表示近期内特定或安排的动作现在完成时IWeYouTheyhave+pp.HeSheIt .has+pp.The car has arrived. 车了。(车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(窗户是破的

22、)表示动作发生在过去，动作的结果 现在还存在has studied in this school since 2014.They have had the meeting for more than two hours.表示过去一个动作持续到现在。只 有持续性动词(如teach, work, live, etc.)能够使用，而短暂性动词(如 go, e, arrive, etc.)不能用I shall play with you if I have got my work done.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.在时间、条件等状语从句中，可

23、用 现在完成时来表将来完成时It / This / That is the first time (that) I have visited this exhibition.That is the most interesting film Ive ever seen.用在某些固定句型中现在完成进行时I 、WeYouTheyhave been doingHeShe has been doingItHe has been working in this pany for six years / since 2010.时间状语或时间状语从句与现在 完成时相同，但完成进行时强调动 作一直持续The

24、director has been working on the production plan，but he hasnt worked it out yet.I have been repairing the bike for nearly five hours.一I have got a bad cold.一No wonder you have been coughing these days.现在完成进行时强调动作一直在 进行，一般不用状态性动词时态形式例句功能一般过去时(l)be动词IHe/She/ItwasWeYou They were(2)规则变化行为动词(动词+ ed形 式)(3

25、)不规则动词见不规则动词表He worked in this shop for two years and left last year.表示过去的行为、动作I bought the newly-published novel the other day.He met an old friend of his in the street last Sunday.带有表示过去的时间状语，如 yesterday，last month，a few years ago，the other day等的句子中，谓 语动词用过去时When he was in middle school he often w

26、alked / used to walk with his classmates after supper.He said they had a meeting once a week.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作或 存在的状态Mary said she would go to the movies with me if she finished her homework.He said he would leave until I came back.在表示过去的时间状语从句中，当 主句用过去将来时时，从句往往用 一般过去时过去进行时IHe/SheIt.was+doingWeYouThey.

27、were + doingWhat were you doing at nine last night?一I was listening to the Night News.表示过去某一时间点正在进行的 动作We were having final exams from Wednesday to Saturday last week.In those days we were having a hard time.表示过去某一段时间正在发生，进 行的行为、动作One day，I was walking along a road when suddenly someone called me.Wh

28、en I went into the teachers* office , was checking our exercise books.用于含时间状语从句的复合句中， 当一个动作突然发生时，另一个动 作在持续进行过去完成时had+过去分词We had reviewed the old lessons by the end of last month.常用于含by+过去时间状语的句 子中When the man arrived at the railway station，the train had left.had learnt German for some time before he

29、 went to Germany.在包含when 9 before，after等连词 的复合句中或口果主句谓语动词和 从句谓语动词的动作不是同时发 生，那么先发生的动作通常用过去 完成时He told me that one of his novels had already been translated into English.用于主句的谓语动词是过去时的 宾语从句中。从句动作发生在主句 前，从句用过去完成时I had meant to visit you last night， but I had an unexpected visitor.mean 5 intend，plan，exp

30、ect，wish， want，hope等表大“计划，打算 的动词可用过去完成时，表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法等(五)注意事项1 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：(1)一般过去时所表示的动作或状态纯属过去，与现在没有联系。常用的时间状语有： yesterday，last night，two days (months / weeks.) ago 等。Tom bought a new car a week ago.He was in prison in 1990.I saw Hero last week.(2)现在完成时所表示的动作或状态与现在有联系，是过去的动作或状态对现在产生的 结果或造成的影响。

31、说话人关心的是现在的结果或状态；或表示过去一个动作一直延续到现 在。常用的时间状语有：already，just ?yet，never 5before，lately ? recently，in the last / past few days / years，since then，up to now，so far 等。Ive never been to Beijing.He has not given his response so far.He has e here.他已经来这里了。(说话人关心的是“他现在在这里相当于He is here now. )His brother has been

32、in the army for 5 years.他哥哥参军5年了。(指他哥哥五年前到 说话时一直在部队服役)2某些状语从句中将来时的表达方式：在以 when 5until(till)、as soon as、by the time，after ? before 等引导的时间状语从句或 以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however 5 even if等引导 的让步状语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将 来时。【例 11 I will stay at home if it(rain) tomorrow.答案r

33、ainso例 2 Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband (e) home.答案cameo3一般不用于进行时的动词：状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如:like，love，prefer 5want，think 5 wish desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize , doubt、feel，forgive，guess、imagine 5 satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，conta

34、in，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)， lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound 等。列I(am knowing / was knowing / know) Tom quite were introduced at a party.答案knowo4 , always等副词在进行时中表达的意义：always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和进行时连用，表达说话人的某 种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【1列 11 John(will always think / is always thinking) of what he can do for others.答案is always thinking o例 2 The leaders thought ill of，because she(was always plaining / had always plained).答案was always plainingo