高三英语（人教版新课标）一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句.docx

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1、第四讲突破常考点助力语法填空定语从句登真题感悟单句语法填空1. （2015新课标全国卷 I 语法填空）1 d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2. （2015广东高考语法填空）When harvest came around, he was already selli

2、ng herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.3.(2014新课标全卷 I 语法填空）Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.4. （2013广东高考语法填空）Nick，s guests, who had heard their conversation, asked why they sh

3、ould not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5. （2015江苏高考改编）The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by17 percent in just one year.6. （2015四川高考改编）The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7. （2015陕西高考改编）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for

4、the time when he should be able to be independent.8. （2015重庆高考改编）He wrote many children s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.一、关系代词引导的定语从句9. who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(l)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that 不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。r ve b

5、ecome good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom V m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which；指人时相当于of whonioThe school shop

6、, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。10. hat, which引导的定语从句(l)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆O

7、(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else s fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰 时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was

8、 Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that they ve seen or hear

9、d of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than

10、ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。11. as引导的定语从句(l)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于so/such/the same+先行词+as .” 结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。名师指津which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese pe

11、ople s long-held dreams come tme.(2013安徽高考单选)莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成 现实。(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之 前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 等。“You can t judge a book by its cover, as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相J二、关系副词引导的定语从句1. where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on .+which”。