高考英语一轮复习语法第一部分第三讲形容词副词学案含解析北师大版.docx

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1、第三讲形容词、副词考什么O学什么一明确方向备考省时高效命题点一形容词与副词的比较等级全析考法I.单句语法填空1. （2018 全国卷 I ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years （long） than non-runners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填 longero2. （2018 全国卷HI）He screams the（loud） of all.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应

2、用副词最高级。3. （2018 6 月浙江高考）There could be an even （high） cost on your health.解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断, 此处要用形容词的比较级。4. （2017 全国卷 I ）As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even （bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析:worse根据

3、语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse 表示“更糟糕的是”。5. （2017 6 月浙江高考）Sixteen years（early）, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析:earlier sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当 于before, 一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。6. （2016 全国卷H）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a

4、step back and identify （识另U） those of（great） and less importance.解析：greater and连接并列成分，根据后面的less可知，此处要用形容词比较级形 式。7. （2014 全国卷 I ）Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is （clean） than ever.解析：cleaner从后面的“than”可知此处要用形容词比较级，故填cleaner。8. （2014 广东高考）After our plane landed, we wen

5、t to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析：earlier由“had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个 月之前我们就已经预订了，所以用副词比较级earlieron.单句改错1. （2018 全国卷HI）I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of peop 解析：larger - large根据句意，作者害怕

6、在一大群人面前讲话，这里没有比较的含 义,故将larger改为largeo2. （2017 全国卷H解析：earlier-early get up early意为“早起”，句中没有比较的意思，故不用比 较级。3. （2016 四川高考）The dishes that I cooked were Mom，解析：favor i test favorite favorite没有比较级和最高级。谨记规则（一）形容词和副词比较等级的构成规则1.规则变化构成例词原级比较级最iWj级单音节的词一般情况 下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesth

7、ardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的 单音节词加-r和-stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结 尾，且前面只有一个 元音的词，先双写词 尾的辅音字母后再加-er 和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+ y”结 尾的词，先把y变为i 再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他双音节和多音节 的形容词或副词都在 前面加more

8、和mostcarefulmorecarefulmost carefulpopularmorepopularmost popularefficientlymoreefficien tlymost efficiently特别注意（1）有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和 most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired 和以-ow, -er 结尾的词。（2）有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有：right（正确

9、的）,wrong（错误的）,excellent（优秀的），possible（可能的）， empty（空的），first（第一的），wooden（木制的）,final（最后的）,east（东方的）,last（最 后的）等。2.不规则变化原级比较级最iWj级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（指时间或空间上“更远的”）farthest （指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”）further（指空间距离“更远的”；在更大 程度上）furthest （指空间距离“最远 的”；在最

10、大程度上）oldolder/elderoldest/eldest（二）形容词、副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法“as +形容词/副词原级+ as”与“not + as/so +形容词/副词原级+ as”表示同级 比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。He doesn，t run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(2)当as .as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as +形容词原级+ a(n) +可数名词单数+ asv as+many +可数名词复数+ as、as+much +不可数名词+ asHenry does not h

11、ave so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。2.比较级的用法(1) “形容词/副词比较级+ than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。less +多音 节形容词/副词原级+ than”结构表示“一方不及另一方The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。“the+形容词/副词比较级,the +形容词/副词比较级”表示“越,就越The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与 人类交流得越多，它学会的就越

12、多。(3) “形容词/副词比较级+ and +形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越二It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天来了，天气越来越冷。(4) “the +形容词/副词比较级+ of the two +名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较 的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。(5) 形容词/副词比较级可以用 much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等来修饰。It was also much more than

13、 we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。3.最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the +最高级+表示比较范围的短语或 从句”，表示“是中最的二The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs inthe world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。(2) one of the +最高级

14、+可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in modern history.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。“否定词语+比较级”表示最高级含义。比较级形式表示最高级含义。any other +可数名词单数all (the) other+可数名词复数 比较级+ than+anything/anyone elseany of the other +可数名词复数(4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修饰。(三)倍数表达

15、法倍数表达法例句A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副 词比较级(+名词)+than + BThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. 总的来说，泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍 的速度增加。A+谓语+倍数+ as +形容 词/副词原级+ as + BThis restaurant wasn，t half as good as that other restaurant we went to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。A+谓语+

16、倍数+ the +名词 (size, length, height, wei- ght 等)+of+BWhen you study the local map, you 11 find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时, 你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。A+谓语+倍数+ that + of + B=A +谓语+倍数+what 从句The output of this year is three times that of 2018.= The output of this year is three times wha

17、t it was in 2018.今年的产量是2018年的三倍。常见副词全析考法单句改错1. （2018 全国卷HI解析：Immediate f Immediately 此处为副词作状语，故将Immediate改为Immediately。2. （2017 全国卷I解析：late-later 一段时间+ late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间+ later” 表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来二3. （2017 全国卷H解析：Besidef Besides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside “在旁边”,是介词；besides “此外”，是副

18、词。4. （2014 全国卷 I ）Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes （圣女果解析：beforeago表示在说话时之前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才 用 beforeo 故 before 应改为 ago。5. （2014 全国卷I解析：somewheref everywhere somewhere意为“某处”，而此处语境表示“植物到处 生长”，故应用everywhere “到处”。谨记规则（一）易混词辨析（二）

19、形近副词辨析hard努力地；艰难地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎；差不多close靠近地closely密切地;接近地wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普遍地late迟；晚lately最近;近来free免费地freely自由地；畅通地high在高处；高highly很;非常；高度地deep深深地；在深处 deeply深刻地；深沉地beside在旁边（或附近）besides此外，而且late迟的，晚的later后来，以后ago以前（以现在为起点）before以前（以过去为起点）somewhere 某处everywhere 至处(三)连接副词用法一览though 一般用于句末

20、，意为“然而，可是”表示转折。，meanwhile意为“在此期间”表示两个动作同时发生。，therefore/thus/consequently意为“因此，所以，表示结 果。moreover/furthermore/additionally 意为“此外”，表承接关系。besides意为“另外,还有”,表示递进关系。however意为“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。anyway/anyhow意为“尽管，即使这样”，表示让步。塞指奉经整怎么考。怎么解 掌握“套路”一解题有径可寻语法填空解题“3策略”1 .利用提示词(1)看到提示词在

21、名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语，或在宾语后作宾补，要想到用形 容词；(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。2 .利用标志词(1)若是两者之间相比，且空格后有than,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级；(2)and, or, but等并列连词连接的平行结构，如果其中之一是比较级，要想到另一并 列成分也应用比较级；(3)注意使用比较等级的固定搭配或句型，如：the+比较级.,the+比较级.the +最高级+标志性词语或从句3 .利用修饰语看至U修饰语 much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (b

22、y) far, a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；(2)看到修饰语 by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really 以及序数词等， 要想到最高级。据第1条解题1. In some crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.2. E-hongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives

23、and friends during festivals or on special occasions.据第2条解题3. The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.4. Technology is getting better and cheaper (cheap).5. During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed and became t

24、he biggest (big) of all operas in China.6. Road safety has aroused wider (wide) attention of the public than before. 据第3条解题7. In fact, people are much closer (close) to dogs in a way than to cows, pigs or even horses.8. Please dont misunderstand me. But don，t you think we should take things a bit Di

25、siea (easy), darling?9. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better (good), partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style.10. It might have made it a little harder (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn，t stop the kids in the class.短文改错解题“3关注”1.

26、关注比较范围如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，则用最高级。2 .关注搭配句式看含有比较等级的固定搭配和句式是否准确。3 .关注常见副词的用法据第1条解题1. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. richf richer2. s advice, you can make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others, hoppyf happier3. I even have a large vocab

27、ulary than before, largeflarger4. But he slays outside the list of the worlds 10 rich people, rich-richvsl 据第2条解题5. The more I learn English, the easy it becomes, eesyfeasier6. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.badworse7. Therefore, I was determined not t

28、o let him down any long, longlonger 据第3条解题8. First, its an activity concerned with all parts of my body, which is quite a good way for me to keep fit. Beside, its an activity I can enjoy whatever the weather is like except when it rains heavily. BesidefBesides9. Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life. Therefore, some people don，t turn the tap off at once after using it. ThereforefHowever10. I lived in my hometown ten years before, beforeago