03阅读理解 说明文 --名校试题速递 广东省2022-2023学年高三名校分类分项汇编 （ 解析版）.docx

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1、03阅读理解说明文一名校试题速递广东省2022-2023学年高三名校分类分项汇编1.【广东省四校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考】Walking over water might sound unbelievable. In fact, people do it all the time. How? Almost all of the worlds liquid fresh water that is called groundwater lies underground.Earth is a water planet, but most of its water is in

2、 the oceans. Only about 2.5 percent of the planets water is fresh water, of which nearly 69 percent is frozen in glaciers （冰I） and ice caps and about 30 percent is groundwater-much more than the 1.2 percent that flows through rivers and fills lakes.Groundwater is found almost everywhere on Earth. It

3、 hides under mountains, plains and even deserts. Tiny gaps between rocks and soil grains take in and hold this water like a sponge （海绵）,forming buried bodies of water called aquifers （地下蓄水层）.Together, they hold about 60 times as much water as the worlds lakes and rivers combined. Groundwater is a ke

4、y part of the earth/s water cycle. Rain and melted snow go down into the ground. The water can stay there for thousands of years. Some groundwater naturally runs out onto the earths surface through springs. It also flows into lakes, rivers and wetlands. People get groundwater through wells for drink

5、ing, watering crops and other uses.As human-caused climate change dries out parts of the planet, demand for groundwater may rise. At the same time, climate change may increase storms. Heavier rain is more likely to rush straight into streams and storm drains, instead of going into the soil. So, ther

6、e may be less groundwater around.Many of the worlds aquifers already seem to be drying up. Twenty-one of the earths 37 biggest aquifers are becoming smaller, satellite data show. The most dried-out aquifers are near big cities, farms, or dry regions. As groundwater stores dwindle, they hold less wat

7、er to refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecosystems.8. What can we know about groundwater from Paragraph 3?A. It will end up in rivers and seas.B. Its mainly stored in wet regions.C. It/s mainly kept in the form of aquifers.D. It runs out onto the earths surface regularly.offers

8、in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the position of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid,

9、 and growth prospects are unlimited. After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and internationa

10、l policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors.27. How is the second paragraph mainly developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By listing figures.C. By proving definition.D. By making comparisons.28. Why do more and more people in

11、tend to acquire a degree of MIB?A. It is a compulsory course in the colleges.B , It helps them get good jobs in some organizations.C. It offers them opportunities to do small businesses.D. It offers them conventional economic knowledge.29. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. MIB holders are

12、 more promising in all careers than others.B. People get higher salary in business field than in finance field.C. The international finance controller is a high-quality job.D. International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges.30. Whafs the writers purpose of writing this article?A. To expl

13、ain why the MIB course is getting popular.B To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course.C. To sell professional MIB course worldwide.D. To predict the development trend of the MIB course.【答案】27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要讲现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，文章中对其受欢迎的具体的原因进行 了分析。27 .推理判断题。根据第二段“The course cont

14、ent and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration.（MIB的课程内容和教学方法与普通的MBA或工商管理硕士有很 大的不同）和The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.（与传统的 MBA 学 位课程相比，该课程提供了各种优势广可知，本段中主要通过对比MIB和MBA课程之间的区别来组织全 文的。故选D项。28 .细节理解题。根

15、据文章第三段“Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred.（大型跨国组织寻找能够处 理国际营销管理工作的人才，有MIB学位的人优先考虑广可知，很多大型国际组织更喜欢聘用有MIB学位 人才，这是越来越多的人学习MIB课程的主要原因。故选B项。29 .推理判断题。根据最后一段Since business financ

16、e and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the position of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance.（由于商业金融和经 济学在MIB的课程中有很长的篇幅，学生们

17、在金融领域也有很好的工作机会。通常情况下，组织会向那些 完成金融专业化MIB的人提供国际金融控制员的职位）”可知，MIB课程中含有商业金融方面的课程，而很 多机构会把国际金融控制师的工作给这些完成MIB学位的人，说明国际金融控制师是一份高质量的工作。 故选C项。30 . 推理判断题。根据文章第一段Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new

18、-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course在过去的二十年中，许多学生选修了国际商务硕士或MIB等专业课程。 他们正在选择新时代的非传统课程，以保证更好的未来。MIB是一门教授国际商务的专业课程。MIB课程 如此受欢迎是有充分理由的户可知，现在MIB课程越来越受

19、欢迎。本段最后一句提出了这一课程受欢迎有 很多原因，文章接下来三段就对具体的原因进行了说明。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是解释为什么MIB 课程越来越受欢迎。故选A项。6.【广东省普宁市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】Generation Z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour- force-participation rate is 71

20、%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are e

21、ntering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond

22、working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床)in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A st

23、udy by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it- including construction, finance and manufacturing-have faced som

24、e of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job.That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Annual rank

25、ings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms. By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.8. W

26、hat does the underlined word diploma-holders in the first paragraph refer to?A. Employees.B. Students.C. Graduates.D. Shareholders.9. Why do Gen-Z employees prefer work remotely?A. They want more holidays on the beach.B. They love wearing pyjamas while working.C. They want to work in a more flexible

27、 way.D. They cant afford the residents in big cities.10. What does the study by ManpowerGroup suggest?A. All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps.B. Construction, finance and manufacturing cant offer remote work.C. Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent short

28、ages.D. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular.11. Why does the author mention Wall Street and Silicon Valley?A. To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries.B. To prove industries in technology are more appealing.C. To predict the change of preference among emplo

29、yees.D. To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down.【答案】8.C9. C 10. D 11. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Z世代（也称为“互联网世代”，通常是指1995年至2009年出 生的一代人）毕业生对就业需求的变化，他们更青睐能够让他们在家灵活办公的科技公司。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前半句With graduation ceremonies behind them,（随着毕业典礼的结束，）” 可知，随着毕业典礼的结束，最新一批文凭持有者正在进入就业市场。可以推出，diplom

30、a-holders指的是那 些参加完毕业典礼，准备进入就业市场的毕业生。这与diploma-holder ”毕业文凭持有者”的字面意思也相 符。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题 o 根据第二段 “ Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond workin

31、g in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks （吊床）in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.（尽管在疫情开始时，Z世代的员工比年长的同事更感到 孤独和孤立，但远程工作的能力带来了新的可能性。这样做的好处不仅仅是穿着睡衣工作。许多人在更舒 适的地方坐在沙滩椅和吊床上接听电话，或者逃离大城市，寻找更便宜或更大的房子。）”可知，远程办公 带来了很多新的可能性。其中的好处

32、不仅仅是可以居家工作，许多人还可以在更闲适的地方处理工作电话, 或者在大城市以外的地方找到更便宜或更宽敞的房子。这些都是一种更为灵活的工作方式。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “ A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship （反比关系）between talent shortages and flexible working policies.（招聘公司 ManpowerGroup 的研究表明，人才短缺程度和就业政策的灵活性之间成反比关系。）”可推断，很难实现远

33、程办公或者对远程办公接受较慢的 行业，其各种岗位都或多或少存在着重大技能人才短缺的问题。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 uThat in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley.（这反过来又加速了年轻员工从华尔街转投硅谷的趋势。）”可知，上一段提到的 人才短缺问题，反过来又加速了年轻求职者从美国金融中心华尔街转投高科技事业云集的硅谷的既有倾向。 可见科技产业更加受欢迎。故选B。7.【广东省茂名市2022-2023学年

34、高三上学期大联考】In the United States, researchers are experimenting with sodium to see whether it can power much-improved batteries in the future. Sodium is a soft, silvery metal. It is plentiful and found in seawater. The most common battery used today is made of lithium（锂）. These batteries power everythi

35、ng from smartphones to computers to electric vehicles. Researchers from the University of California, San Diego are attempting to build a new generation of batteries powered by sodium instead of lithium.The California researchers are studying lithium batteries, but in the next few years they plan to

36、 begin testing new sodium batteries. Team member Hayley Hirsh says she looks forward to working more with sodium development in the future.Lithium is costly and not easy to collect because it is widely spread across many parts of the world. Large amounts of water and energy are also required to gath

37、er lithium. But sodium is found in the worlds oceans, with a seemingly limitless supply. This would lead to much lower costs to produce sodium for batteries.Hirsh says she is examining different ways to make batteries that last longer and can store more power.“Right now ifs just in the lab and were

38、working on figuring out how to make it hold more energy and last longer so that it can be used in your phone, in your car or even to store energy for solar, for wind,“ she said.Finding better ways to store more energy at a lower price has been one of the major barriers to developing more powerful ba

39、tteries. Today it is not really cost-effective for power companies to use batteries. This is because it would cost hundreds of dollars per kilowatt hour to operate.However, using sodium batteries could bring that cost way down. The researchers say it could then make economic sense for people to have

40、 storage containers at home to save energy produced by the sun or wind.12. What can we know about sodium in paragraph 1?A. It is a kind of hard metal.B Seawater contains plenty of sodium.C. It is able to power much-improved batteries.D. The most common battery today has been made of it.13. How is th

41、e third paragraph developedA. By giving examples.B. By giving descriptions.C. By using figures.D. By making comparisons.14. What can make the wide use of sodium batteries possible?A. The low cost.B Energy conservation.C. The geographical distribution.D. Safety and environment protection.15 . What is

42、 the main idea of the text?A. The differences between sodium and lithium.B , The advantages and disadvantages of sodium.C. Researchers look to sodium to make better batteries.D. Researchers find better ways to make batteries last longer.【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家一直试图找到既能使电池更强

43、效又能降低生产成本的 材料，研究人员希望用钠开发出更好的电池。12 .细节理解题。根据第一段“Sodium is a soft, silvery metal. It is plentiful and found in seawater.（钠是一种柔软 的银色金属。它在海水中含量丰富。广可知，海水中含有大量的钠。故选B。13 .推理判断题。根据第三段“Lithium is costly and not easy to collect because it is widely spread across many parts of the world. Large amounts of water

44、 and energy are also required to gather lithium. But sodium is found in the worlds oceans, with a seemingly limitless supply. This would lead to much lower costs to produce sodium for batteries.（由于锂广泛分布在世界许多地方，所以它的成本很高，而且不易收集。收集锂也需要大量的水和 能量。但是钠在世界的海洋中被发现，似乎是无限的供应。这将大大降低电池用钠的生产成本。厂可推断， 本段主要对比介绍了锂和钠的优

45、缺点。故选D。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段“This would lead to much lower costs to produce sodium for batteries.（这将大大降 低电池用钠的生产成本。厂以及最后一段“However, using sodium batteries could bring that cost way down.（然 而，使用钠电池可以降低成本。户可知，是低成本使钠电池被广泛使用成为了可能。故选A。15 .主旨大意题。根据第一段Researchers from the University of California, San Diego are

46、attempting to build a new generation of batteries powered by sodium instead of lithium.（加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员正试图制 造新一代的钠电池，而不是锂电池。厂及全文的内容可知，文章主要围绕研究人员希望用钠开发出更好的电 池展开。故选C。8.【广东省广州市天河区2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】Born in 1902, Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman （制图员）who brought about a small revol

47、ution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.Before Becks design, early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale （比彳列）.Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets. These maps clearly showed the subway

48、lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London, but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.In the 1930s, Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account. He created a map that was a scaled-down li

49、near diagram of the subway lines. More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map, it didnt tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Becks map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.Its not clear wha