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1、The team also found that the cooling provided by treeless green spaces is insignificant, and in some instances green areas without trees can even be warmer than the surrounding urban areas.Extreme heat is a growing problem for cities in Europe and elsewhere as the planet gets hotter. The findings sh

2、ow that trees can have a big influence on cities across Europe, but since the size of their effects varies, heat reduction strategies should be tailored to suit each region, says Schwaab.1. Whats the purpose of the study?A. To measure land and air temperatures.B. To suggest planting more trees in ci

3、ties.C. To make people aware of global warming.D. To stress the importance of green spaces.2. Why is the cooling effect of transpiration lower in southern Europe?A. The soil is drier.B. The climate is colder.C. There are more green spaces.D. There are more roads and buildings.3. What might Schwaab s

4、uggest in the last paragraph?A. Wetlands should be enlarged.B. Dry soil should be reduced.C. More roads should be built.D. Solutions should be different.4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Trees Cool the Land Surface Temperature of CitiesB. Researchers Raise Solutions to Ex

5、treme WeatherC. High Tech Lowers Land Surface TemperatureD. Extreme Heat Does Harm to the Environmentpassage 8A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民)overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

6、 can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp.Critics argue that they force refugees to

7、be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded a

8、nd are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the ” self-settlement Several aid agencies argue

9、 that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refug

10、ees are helped to self-settle.Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the d

11、istribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.1. Who are responsible f

12、or the refugees* dependence on donations?A. Critics.B. Children.C. Refugee camps.D. UNHCR and the ICRC.2. What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy?A. More personal aid.B. More living space.C. Better training programs.D. A better sense of security.3. What benefit can gathering refugees in one p

13、lace bring?A. It can help save much land.B. Its easier for them to get schooling.C. It can reduce the number of orphans.D. It allows families to better help each other.4. Which of the following is not discussed in the text?A. The advantages of refugee camps.B. The disadvantages of refugee camps.C. T

14、he advantages of the self-settlement.D. The disadvantages of the self-settlement.passage 9Starch （淀粉）is the main component of flour, rice and com among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to eat carbon dioxide, and global warming c

15、ould be eaten away by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming.Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021. n Plants create starch through photosynthesis （光合作用），which is a complex

16、 and inefficient （效率低的）process, “ Ma Yanhe, director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.“ Our breakthrough shows that making sta

17、rch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology/ Ma told China Daily.The team has been working on the process for 6 years. The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen

18、 into methanol 甲醇（）,which is a molecule （分子）that contains a single carbon atom/1 Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told China Daily.Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simpl

19、ified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps to 11.The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural production to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save

20、water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change, a research fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they trave

21、l long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.1. What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch?A. Its extremely complex and inefficient.B. Its achievable through photosynthesis.C. Its a way of dealing with global warming.D. Its more efficie

22、nt than the natural method.2. The underlined word “convert in Paragraph 5 probably means ”A.pushB.changeC. divideD. mix3. What can be learned about the breakthrough?A. It can help improve peoples health.B. It can change the way of starch production.C. It can provide astronauts with nutritious food.D

23、. It can save farmers from traditional agriculture.4. What can be the best title for this passage?A. Smart with starchB. Hungry for starchC. Secure about food supplyD. Beneficial to food diversitypassage 10According to a new report by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the deadly

24、heat waves, floods 6L droughts are disturbing the 62.(life ) of thousands of people from all over theworld. And they will be likely only to get 63,(bad) as global temperatures continue to rise. HSo far, all regions of the world 64.(affect) by some extremes, says Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne, an enviro

25、nmental 65(science). nWe can link extreme weather to climate change in 66.same way we can link cancer to smoking/ says Friederike Elly Luise Otto, one of the reports authors. nAnd, like smoking, the damage ishard 67.(disappear).nThe most important things, n experts say, nis to make sure these events

26、 dont grow even more common and more intense 68.they are now.* ”1 feel 69.(strong) that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,“ says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. To limit global warming to just 2 C, Wehner says, Its my feeling that we would have to

27、do something rather extreme. n Something extreme,1 he adds, n means completely 70.(get) rid of consumption of coal, oil and natural gas.passage 11Covering 7 million square kilometers of jungle and the river over eight countries, the Amazon rainforest is home to millions of sorts of plants and animal

28、s, some of 61 are still being discovered today. Its also theworld*s 62.(large) supplier of oxygen and is a treasure chest of medical 63.(researcher) who areexperimenting with different plants in the hope of finding cures for certain diseases. 64., the world is at the risk of losing this rich rainfor

29、est because of deforestation (滥伐森林) 65(cause ) by the actions of farmers, loggers and settlers.The Amazon Basin 66(lose ) 20% of its rainforest since 1970. Cattle farmers have 67(continuous) cleared the land for cows 68.(eat) on and crop farmers have begun slash and burn (刀耕火 种)，a farming method tha

30、t involves cutting down forests and burning the land to make 69 suitable foragricultural purposes. Loggers have been cutting down the trees for timber (木材),further decreasing its size.With the destruction of the Amazon rainforest, global warming becomes more of a threat. It is up to each individual

31、to fight against the 70,(disappear) of the Amazon rainforest by making the world know something about this environmental disaster.passage 12For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been soaring to unheard-of levels. This is causing the polar ice to melt (融化),sea level 61(rise) and has br

32、ought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather 62(event) , such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts and floods. These climate changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment. It is now a global concern 63 the climatechanges occurring today have been severer because of mans

33、 activities.64(trouble) by the serious situation, world leaders came together for talks, which were seen 65 a make-or-break situation for the United Nations climate talks.The climate talks 66(lead) to about 200 hundred countries reaching an agreement that would, for 67.first time, commit nearly ever

34、y country to lowering planet- warming greenhouse gas emissions (排放) to address global climate changes. That was 68.certain an encouraging step forward for our Earth and mankind.As the world leaders continue to commit 69(they) to monitoring our ” sick* planet, we need to continue to take small steps

35、to heal (治愈) the world. We are left with not much of a 70(choose). If only we could just pack our bags and move to Mars!D. To draw a conclusion2. What determines the rising rate of new species in place?A. The number of its then species.B. The environment they lived in.C. The survival skills of speci

36、es.D. The different biological factors.3. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word barrenn in the last paragraph?A. Dry and bare.B. Lively and active.C. Nice and green.D. Complex and unpredictable.passage 2A kind man, Keith Walker, who was 53 years old, kept his own pitbull called

37、 Bravo at the W-Underdogs (an animal shelter) overnight and was on his way to pick him up when he saw the flames on December 18.He didn*t just rescue his own pet, but he made sure that all the animals were safe. He said, nI was nervous at first and really scared to go there with all that smoke. I am

38、 not going to lie.1 However, Keith suddenly remembered that his father once said humans had a duty Til protect animals. So he said, “ My dog is my best friend, and I wouldnt be here without him, so I knew I had to save all those other dogs. nThe founder of the shelter Grace Hamlin said that the shel

39、ter was left uninhabitable by the fire, which was electrical. But luckily, they were about to move into a new place, so there was still somewhere for the animals to live.She said, Keith is my guardian. Even the firefighters didnt know how to handle the animals. They called Animal Control, but Keith

40、was already in the building pulling out the cats and dogs until they were all safe. nKeith, who has been homeless since he was 13, has now been regarded as a hero after saving the six dogs andten cats. Well-wishers have raised almost $ 40,000 for him on GoFundMe, a fundraising platform.In a separate

41、 fundraiser for the shelter itself to rebuild after the fire, Grace said, Keith worked tirelessly to bring our animals to safety. Although he refused all offers of help, we are determined to contact him again. He is a vital part of our community and he should be appropriately rewarded for his selfle

42、ss efforts. n1. What did Keith do at the first sight of the fire?A. He waited for help.B. He turned to his father.C. He protected his own pets.D. He hesitated for a moment.2. What damage did the fire bring about?A. Some firefighters were badly injured.B. The animals lost their shelter.C. Some cats d

43、isappeared.D. Keith lost his pitbull.3. Why is Grace going to contact Keith again?A. To reward him for what he did.B. To raise money for him.C. To offer him a good job.D. To rebuild a home for him.4. Which of the following can best describe Keith?A. Ambitious and helpful.B. Determined and modest.C.

44、Honest and brave.D. Generous and calm.passage 3As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, the three-spined stickleback（三刺鱼）is known for their different shapes, sizes, and behaviours -they can even live in both sea water and fresh water, and under a wide range of temperatures. But w

45、hat makes that?The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment, using genome sequencing （基因组）则序）.Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and fresh water, and only those fish able to tolerate these ra

46、pid changes survive into the next season.These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years/1 says Professor Barrett. We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past. n

47、Remarkably, the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats, which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations. These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season, highli

48、ghting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected/ says Professor Barrett, n the findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to the environment. nThe research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates. In the further research, they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are, by testing whether they show up year after year. Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably