讲与练11 无提示词语法填空题攻略(解析版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)11无提示词语法填空题攻略【高频考点回顾】要点一冠词的确定【是否填冠词】【填何种冠词】1 .用定冠词the的常考点特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或用于only, very, same等词前；用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在乐器名词前；(5)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。(6)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。2 .用不定冠词a/an的常考点泛指一类人与物，表示概念“一”；在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。3 .固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前填冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the s

2、ame time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance, make the most/best of, on the spot 等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cold, have a fever, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, as a result, have a gift for, make a living, have/take a rest, give sb a lift, have a good knowledge of 等。(3)动词(catch

3、/take/hit 等)+ sb + 介词 + the + 身体部位(4)抽象名词具体化方向1:不缺任何成分，且引导词无意义，常用that引导名词性从句That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse fbr your failure.(2)When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.方向2：不缺任何成分，且 引导词表示“是否“，常用 whether引导名词性从句， 其中if可以用于宾语从句He asked her the question w

4、hether they can be friends.I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.方向3：缺少主/宾/表语， 用连接代词（which, what, who 等）When you are reading, make a note of what you think is of great importance.When opportunity knocks, please answer the door.Dont keep asking who it is.方向4：缺少状语，用连接 副词（where, when, why

5、, how）等I have no idea when he will come back home.How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.方向5： it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记It is announced in todays newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.典例示例11（2020.浙江7月卷）

6、Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 57.could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.【答案与解析】what 根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少 主语,同时空处表示“的事物”,故填what。【典例示例12（202。天津卷改编）The student completed this experiment to make come

7、 true Professor Joseph had said.【答案与解析what 句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。此处需要用 what引导宾语从句。【典例示例13（2019全国卷I ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 61.they range all the way across the Arcti

8、c, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案与解析that 本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中 不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。【典例示例14(2018 全国卷m)Im not sure 61.is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案与解析】who 句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌 性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可

9、知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁，故填who。【典例示例15(2018 北京卷改编)This ismy father has taught me一to always face difficulties and hope for the best.【答案与解析what 句意：这就是父亲教我的总是要面对困难，并且抱最大的希望。分析句子结 构可知，空处引导表语从句，并在从句中作taught的宾语，故应用what。【典例示例16(2017北京卷改编)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing she was he

10、ading.【答案与解析】where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道去往哪里。分析句子结构 可知，空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导宾语从句。【状语从句根据句意及固定句式定引导词】1 .句意法确定状语从句引导词(1 )while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句(2)before/after引导的时间状语从句(3)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句(4)though/although引导的让步状语从句(5)when/where引导的时间、地点状语从句When he knocked at the door, I was worki

11、ng at the table.当他敲门时 我正在桌旁工作。A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.许多高楼在一年前还全是废墟的地方拔地而起。She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说她不得不关闭此商品，除非生意得到改善。2 .固定句式法确定状语从句引导词（1）连词before的意义及句型-It will be+一段时间+before表示“多久以后才”-It won be

12、 + 一段时间+ before表示“用不了多久就会”It wont be long before we know the result of the experiment.要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。（2）连词since的意义及句型It is some time （一段时间）+since引导的时间状语从句=It has been some time （一段时间）+since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从以来已经多长时间了”As is reported, it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.据报道

13、，清华大学建校已有一百多年了。（3）whether.or （not）.“无论还是，引导让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。【典例示例17（2020全国卷HI）65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的） artist, they smiled and 66.pointed down the river.【答案与解析】When/As When/As在句中表示“当时”。【典例示例

14、18（2019天津卷改编）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents5 opinion he wants their support.【答案与解析】unless 句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根 据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。【典例示例19（2018 北京卷改编）we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.【答案与解析】If 句意：如果我们不能阻止气

15、候变化，世界上的许多动物和植物将会消失。故用if引 导条件状语从句。【典例示例20（2017北京卷改编）If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure itout.【答案与解析】until 句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以研究，学习，也可以与其他人谈谈，直到 弄明白为止。until”直到、引导时间状语从句。【高频考点强化】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1I was always told that the thr

16、ee Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance (毅力)，were a sure roadj success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school Maths exam is one example. The exam, 2. was originally to be held in our classroom, 3. (change) to the library at the last minute. This , 4, , didnt bot

17、her me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, 5. (take) my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax myself. But my mood quickly changed when I saw 6, first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally fo

18、und the solution. With the problem 8. (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 9. (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 10. (complete) the rest!【答案】1. to2. which3. was changed4. however5. took6. the7. until/before/and 8. solved9. Unfortunately10. to complete【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己

19、的一次数学考试,发出了平时被告诉的3个p开头的词(patience, positive thinking和perseverance)并不总是管用的感慨。1 .考查介词。句意：我经常被告知，3P耐心，乐观和毅力，是通向成功的必由之路。表示“通往的路”,常常使用“a/the path to.”，a path to success意思是“通往成功之路”,故填to。2 .考查定语从句。句意：这样的考试，通常在我们教室举行，但在最后一分钟，突然改到图书馆里面。分 析句子可知，这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是exam,指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which, that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填w

20、hich。3 .考查时态和语态。句意：这样的考试，通常在我们教室举行，但在最后一分钟，突然改到图书馆里面。 本句的主语是exam,与谓语change之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，动发生在过去，要用一般过去时，且 主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was changed。4 .考查副词。句意：然而，这并没有让我烦恼，因为数学一直是我最强的科目。根据句意，可知，此处是 表转折，需用副词作状语，且有逗号与前后文分开，故填however。5 .考查时态。句意：我耐心地走到图书馆，坐在座位上，深呼吸了一会儿好让自己放松下来。这里take与 walked和did并列作谓语动词，应保持一致，用一般过去

21、时。故填took。6 .考查冠词。句意：但是，在我看到考卷的第一题时我的情绪一下子变了。设空后的名词question前有序 数词first修饰，序数词前常用定冠词the,故填the。7 .考查连词。句意：我努力保持积极的态度并坚持不懈，直到我找到了解决办法。根据句意可知，前后句 的动作应认为是tried先发生而found后发生，因此可使用表达“直到才”意思的连词until,也可使用before 表示“在之前”,还可以使用and表示“然后,接着”。故可填until或before或and。8 .考查非谓语动词。句意：随着问题的解决，我为自己的成就感到自豪。此处是with的复合结构，宾语proble

22、m 与solve之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作宾补，故填solved。9 .考查副词。句意：不幸的是，然后我注意到我只剩十分钟答别的题了！分析句式，设空处作句子的状语, 副词可以单独使用作状语，修饰整个句子，表示“不幸的是”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。 10.考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，然后我注意到我只剩十分钟答别的题了！设空处要修饰名词minutes, 作其后置定语，常常使用不定式，故填t。complete。2A Chinese man J 1. (know)only by his nickname, Coastline, spent about a year

23、 building a 600-square-meter floating home on the coast of Fujian Province. Coastline grew up near the sea. He spent his free time sea fishing. It was one night in 2018, while drinking with his friend, 12. he started talking about 13. (eager)how great it would be to have a floating home, so he could

24、 fish and in the meantime drink beer. One drink led to another, and by the end of the night, they 14. (decide)to make his dream a reality.Coastlines amazing floating home is very large and has plenty of both indoor 15, outdoor space. Also , it offersa 360-degree view of the sea, and 16. (be)located

25、in a calm bay.After it was completed, Coastline started using it as a vacation place where he could fish all day and just reflect 17. his life and his future plans.In a recent interview, Coastline said whenever he came here,he just cut his 18. (connect)from the stress of his daily life. He set 19. (

26、he )a limit of checking his smartphone just three20. (time)a day,didnt speak to anyone and spent his time doing what he enjoyed most.【答案】11. known12. that13. eagerly14. had decided15. and16. is17. on18. connection19. himself20. times【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。一名昵称为“海岸线”的中国男子花了大约一年的时间在福建省沿海建造了一座 600平方米的漂浮之家。11 .考查

27、过去分词。句意：一名昵称为“海岸线的中国男子花了大约一年的时间在福建省沿海建造了一座600 平方米的漂浮之家。be known by为固定短语，本句为过去分词作定语。故填known。12 .考查强调句式。句意：2018年的一个晚上，他和朋友喝酒时，他开始热切地谈论有一个漂浮的家该有 多好，这样他就可以一边钓鱼，一边喝啤酒。本句为强调句式：itbe+强调部分+that。故填that。13 .考查副词。句意：2018年的一个晚上，他和朋友喝酒时，他开始热切地谈论有一个漂浮的家该有多好, 这样他就可以一边钓鱼，一边喝啤酒。副词eagerly修饰动词talk about。故填eagerly。14 .考

28、查时态。句意：一杯接一杯地喝，到晚上结束时，他们决定让他的梦想成真。根据“by the end of the night” 可知，动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had decided。15 .考查连词。句意：“海岸线”令人惊叹的漂浮家园非常大，有足够的室内和室外空间。bothand.“两者 都”为固定搭配。故填and。16 .考查时态。句意：此外，它还提供了 360度的海景，并且位于一个平静的海湾。根据it offers”可知，空 处为一般现在时，be located in“位于。故填is。17 .考查介词。句意：建成后，海岸线开始把它作为一个度假的地方，在那里他可以整天钓鱼，只是思

29、考 他的生活和他的未来计划。reflect on反思，思考。故填on。18 .考查名词。句意：在最近的一次采访中，“海岸线”说，每当他来到这里，他就会切断与日常生活压力的 联系。cut后接名词作宾语，connection为不可数名词。故填connection。19 .考查代词。句意：他限制自己每天只看三次智能手机，不和任何人说话，把时间花在自己最喜欢的事情 上。主语与宾语指同一个人时，宾语用反身代词。故填himself。20 .考查名词。句意：他限制自己每天只看三次智能手机，不和任何人说话，把时间花在自己最喜欢的事情 上。time表示“次数”，且有three修饰，所以用复数形式。故填times

30、。3While thousands of college students headed for warm climate to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans.The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair

31、 an area 21. (destroy) by the hurricane.1 wanted to see for myself what happened, nsaid Terry. nI couldnt imagine 22. it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the23. (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helple

32、ssness.nThe group headed into Brooklyn*s Red Hook district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met people from other parts of the country, 24. had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students 25. (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They p

33、ut on protective suits and gloves 26. they entered the building.Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 27. (lie) all over the place.The students returned to school with a sense of 28. (achieve), a feeling of 29. (they) helping people in ne

34、ed. I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression 30. the students.【答案】21. destroyed22. that23. powerful24. who25. worked26. before27. lying28. achievement29. their30. on【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了北埃塞克斯社区学院的学生和他们的一名老师在春假期间在纽约市 帮助修复被飓风摧毁的地区。介绍

35、了他们提供帮助的经过以及感悟。21 .考查非谓语动词。句意：北埃塞克斯社区学院的学生和他们的一名老师在春假期间在纽约市帮助修复被 飓风摧毁的地区。分析句子结构可知destroy在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语area构成被动关系， 故用过去分词作定语。故填destroyed。22 .考查宾语从句。句意：我无法想象失去你的家和你所知道的一切以及飓风对那些人的巨大影响。引导宾 语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。23 .考查形容词。句意：我无法想象失去你的家和你所知道的一切以及飓风对那些人的巨大影响。修饰后文 名词effect应用形容词powerful,作定语。

36、故填powerful。24 .考查定语从句。句意：在那里，他们遇到了来自这个国家其他地方的人，他们也自愿提供帮助。此处为 非限制性定语从句修饰先行词people,先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 25.考查时态。句意：这些志愿者和NECC的学生一起清理一幢三层楼的垃圾。描述过去发生的事情应用一 般过去时。故填workedo26 .考查状语从句。句意：他们在进入大楼之前穿上了防护服和手套。引导时间状语从句，表示“在之 前“应用beforeo故填before o27 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在建筑内部，学生们看到的只有破碎的墙和门，到处都是建筑的碎片。分析句 子结构

37、可知lie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语broken walls and doors and pieces of the building构成 主动关系，故用现在分词作补足语。故填lying。28 .考查名词。句意：学生们带着一种成就感回到学校，一种帮助需要帮助的人的感觉。作宾语，应用名词 achievement, 短语 a sense of achievement成就感故填 achievemento29 .考查代词。句意：学生们带着一种成就感回到学校，一种帮助需要帮助的人的感觉。此处为动名词的复 合结构“形容词性物主代词+动名词”，作宾语，此处指students应用their。故填th

38、eir。30 .考查介词。句意：我很惊讶一个社区是如何失去了这么多，但仍然能够恢复，这给学生们留下了最深刻 的印象。结合句意表示“给某人留下最深刻的印象”短语为leave the deepest impression ono故填ono4There is a saying that you have not been to China if you have not visited the Terracotta Warriors (bing ma yong), Located to the west of Xian, bing ma yong is a collection of the tom

39、b treasures of Qin Shihuang, the First Emperor of China. They were built by hundreds of thousands of men more than 2,000 years ago. Bing ma yong were a copy of Qin Shihuangs 31. (power) army which conquered and unified the Six States. Each warrior was as big and vivid as a real soldier. Life-sized w

40、ar chariots and horses were also made. They were buried in the tomb of Chinas first Emperor, 32. died more than 2,000 years ago. This army of clay statues is believed33. (be) as effective and strong as any real-life army and can protect the Emperor and his tomb.34. , no one in modern times knew abou

41、t the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while 35. (dig) a well nearby. After years of excavation, three underground vaults(坑)36. (official) opened to tourists in 1979,1989 and 1994 respectively, showing thousands of terracotta warriors, horses and chari

42、ots. Since then, the Terracotta Warrior Museum in Xian 37. (become) a tourist destination for millions of people from home and abroad. The terracotta warriors have also been put 38. show overseas, showing the fantastic Chinese civilization to the world and promote cultural exchanges.If you feel an u

43、rge to visit the bing ma yong, the Terracotta Army Museum in Xian is a must-see, which is considered one of the greatest archaeological(考古的)39. (site) in the world and one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. It will remind you of the glorious times of40, Qin Dynasty.【答案】31. powerful32.

44、who33. to be34. However35. digging36. officially37. has become38. on39. sites40. the【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秦始皇兵马俑的相关信息。31 .考查形容词。句意：兵马俑是秦始皇征服并统一六国的强大军队的写照。形容词powerful修饰名词army。 故填 powerful o32 .考查关系代词。句意：他们被埋葬在中国第一个皇帝的坟墓里，他死于2000多年前。first Emperor为先 行词，作后面非限制性定语从句的主语。故填who。33 .考查动词不定式。句意：这支由黏土雕像组成的军队被认为与现实生

45、活中任何一支军队一样有效和强大, 可以保护皇帝和他的陵墓。be believed to be被认为是“为固定用法。故填to be。34 .考查副词。句意：然而，直到1974年，一些农民在附近挖井时发现了这座墓，现代人才知道这座墓和 兵马俑。根据句意前后为转折关系，且有标点，所以填副词however,置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。35 .考查状语从句的省略。句意：然而，直到1974年，一些农民在附近挖井时发现了这座墓，现代人才知 道这座墓和兵马俑。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：while they were digging,省略了 they wereo故填 digging o36

46、.考查副词。句意：过多年的挖掘，三个地下墓穴分别于1979年、1989年和1994年正式向游客开放， 展示了成千上万的兵马俑、战马和战车。副词officially修饰动词open。故填officially。37 .考查时态。句意：从那以后，西安的兵马俑博物馆成为了数百万国内外游客的旅游目的地。根据“since therT可知。本句为现在完成时，主语为he Terracotta Warrior Museum in XT an,谓语为单数形式。故填has become o38 .考查介词。句意：兵马俑也在海外展出，向世界展示了中华文明的精彩，促进了文化交流。on show“展 出”为固定短语。故填

47、。39 .考查名词。句意：如果你想去去参观兵马俑，西安兵马俑博物馆是必去之地，它被认为是世界上最伟大 的考古遗址之一，也是20世纪最伟大的发现之一。one of后接名词复数sites。故填sites。40 .考查冠词。句意：它会让你想起秦朝的光辉岁月。本句特指秦朝，所以用定冠词the特指。故填the。5Gestures can 4L (use) to express peoples thoughts and opinions in their interactions 42. other people, 43. means we can learn a lot about 44. people

48、 are thinking by watching their body language. However, in different countries the same gesture may have different meanings. For example, in some countries, looking into the eyes of 抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：surprise, pleasure, comfort, danger, success, failure, beauty 等。【典例示例。（2020全国卷H）The plum trees are 70.first to flower even as the