解析：2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题（原卷版）.docx

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1、2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国I卷）英语学科本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生 信息条形码粘贴区。2 .选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3 .请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草 稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4 .作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5 .保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分 听力（120小题）

2、在笔试结束后进行。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals,

3、parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sur

4、e there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake （杀U车）,bikes with hand brake and gears （#F挡），bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11 007.501 d

5、ay （24 hours）14.759.75Each additional day8.006 00Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery andmuch more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacB

6、ike shop or book online.1. What is an advantage of MacBike?B. It of offers many types of bikes.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.A. It gives children a discount.C. It organizes free cycle tours.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. 15.75.B. 19.50.3

7、. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.C. Heineken Brewery.C. 22.75.B. The Skinny Bridge.D. Dam Square.D. 29.50.When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear a

8、fter flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking ques

9、tions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John se

10、t for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge C亏泥）.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, th

11、ese different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks it had all been digested, and all that was le

12、ft was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse - like facility that treatedsewage （污水）from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water inFuzhou, a city in southeast China.Ecological design“ is the name John gives

13、 to what he does. Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,he says. You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was f

14、ond of traveling.C. He had an inquiring mind.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.C. To protect the plants.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.C. To compare Johns different jobs.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. N

15、ature can repair itself.C. Life on Earth is diverse.B. He enjoyed being alone.D. He longed to be a doctor.B. To build an ecosystem.D. To test the eco-machine.B. To show an application of Johns idea.D. To erase doubts about Johns inventionB. Organisms need water to survive.D. Most tiny creatures live

16、 in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the

17、 philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method fo

18、r adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the

19、things you value.In the final chapter of part one, ril guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perfonn a digital declutter. Youll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies wor

20、ked well fbr them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate （培养）a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude （独处）and the nece

21、ssity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build

22、 a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.9. What does the underlined word “declutter“ in p

23、aragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use th

24、em as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the wisdom of crowds effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted sho

25、wed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these en*ors a

26、re averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent. If fbr whatever

27、 reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折）on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were

28、allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 indepe

29、ndent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?

30、 This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many q

31、uestions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of peoples errors.D. The design of Galtons experiment.13. Navajas study f

32、ound that the average accuracy could increase even if.A. the crowds were relatively smallC. individuals did not communicate14. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.C. The discussion process.15. What is the authors attitude toward NavajasB. there were occasional underestima

33、tesD. estimates were not fully independentB. The dominant members.D. The individual estimates.studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but do

34、nt beat yourself up about them. To err （犯错）is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading Personal strengths.17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing

35、, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness. On this one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or

36、when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a m

37、istake to try this - its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a cliche （陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is ifs true. 20 We re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A.

38、A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever

39、 it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Mela

40、nie Bailey should have 21 the course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner

41、, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26, She couldnt. Bailey then 27 to let Lenoueclimb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.Once there, Lenoue was 29 and later taken to a ho

42、spital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Baileys help.As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32, “She was just crying.I couldnt 33 her,“ Bailey told the

43、 reporter. I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”Although the two young women were strangers before the 34. theyve since become friends. Neitherwon the race, but the _35of human kindnesswon the day.21. A. designedB. followedC.changedD. finished22. A. delayB.chanceC. troubleD.excuse23. A. jud

44、geB. volunteerC. classmateD. competitor24. A. raceB. schoolC. townD. training25. A. agreedB. returnedC. stoppedD. promised26. A. courageB. aidC. patienceD. advice27. A. went awayB. stood upC. stepped asideD. bent down28. A. medicalB. publicC. constantD. equal29. A. interruptedB. assessedC. identifie

45、dD. appreciated30. A. hungerB. painC. coldD. tiredness31. A. worriedB. ashamedC. confusedD. discouraged32. A. gameB. problemC. lessonD. deal33. A. leaveB. cureC. botherD. understand34. A. rideB. testC. meetD. show35. A. secretB. displayC. benefitD.exchange第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或

46、括号内单词的正确形式。Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bi

47、te) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, lettingthe hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town

48、of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed40 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of42 (they)contents. The meat should be fresh with 43 touch