2024届高考英语复习 阅读理解（含解析）.docx

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1、阅读理解一、身考原题1.【2023年新高考全国I卷】Bike Rental Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along

2、lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newe

3、st bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake （杀U 车）,bikes with hand brake and gears （排 挡），bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day （24 hours） 14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00Guided Cit

4、y ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. l.What is an advantage of MacBike

5、?A. It gives children a discount.B. It offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.2 .How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.3 .Where does the guided city tour start?A.

6、 The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.At last, most of my classmates scored highly in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyers invaluable advice to my own students, they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden.8 .What is the ma

7、in idea of the first paragraph?A.The way Mr Iyer taught his students maths.B.The reason why maths was hard for the author.C.The students* points of view on Mr Iyers character.D.The brief introduction of the authors maths teacher, Mr Iyer.9 .Why did Mr Iyer stop solving a mathematical problem in clas

8、s?A.Mr Iyer was a little tired and wanted to have a rest.B.Some students made trouble and affected the class.C.The mathematical problem was rather puzzling.D.Some students seemed impatient and upset.10 . What is the secret of reaching ones goal according to Mr Iyer?A.There is only one step between s

9、uccess and failure.B.Take action quickly and make progress little by little.C.It is important to make use of a good opportunity.D.Dont hesitate to ask for help when meeting with barriers.11 .How does the author like Mr Iyers advice?A.Strange and impractical.B.Incorrect and misleading.C.Meaningful an

10、d valuable.D.Simple and uninteresting.4.Goffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. I

11、n a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a keyhole in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped keys to choose from. Inserting the correct nkeyn would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round sh

12、ape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical （对称的） shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an nallocentric frame of reference”.

13、 In the experiment, Goffin*s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of r

14、eference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （线索）,or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 12.How did the cockatoos get the nut from

15、the box in the experiment?A. By following instructions.B.By using a tool.C. By turning the box around.D.By removing the lid.13 .Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A. Using a key to unlock a door.B.Telling parrots from otherbirds.C. Putting a ball into a rou

16、nd hole.D.Grouping toys of differentshapes.14 .What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A. How far they are able to see.B. How they track moving objects.C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.15.Which can be a suitable title

17、for the text?A. Cockatoos: Quick Error CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent LearnersC. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 5.Have you ever noticed there is some difference between city trees and forest trees? A new study finds city trees grow faster but die younger than

18、trees in rural forestry.As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without carbon dioxide. However, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning of f

19、ossil fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases in to the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.Studies had shown forests readily absorb carbon dioxide, but there hadnt been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb carbon dioxide at the same rate as f

20、orest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters （the width of their trunks） between 2005 and 2014. A trees diameter increases as it grows Just as a persons waist size increases as they gain weight. The research

21、 has shown about half the weight of a tree is carbon, while most of the rest is water. Over the nine years tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon dioxide from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type

22、of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more carbon dioxide.City trees grew faster because they have less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen （氮）in rainwater. Nit

23、rogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.1

24、6.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The greenhouse gas does harm to the earth.B.Carbon dioxide plays apart in keeping the earths temperature. C.Carbon dioxide can heat the earth.D.Only human activities make the temperature rise. 17.What information can a tree diameter tell?A.How a tree is transplan

25、ted.B.How long a tree is.C.How old a tree is.D.How much water a tree contains.18 .How do city trees differ from forest trees of the same type over the lifetime in the research?A.They could live twice longer than forest trees.B.They took in less carbon dioxide than forest trees.C.They could absorb mo

26、re carbon dioxide than forest trees.D.They weighted heavier than forest trees.19 .What advantage do city trees have?A.They have no competition.B.They grow closer together.C.They get more nutrition like nitrogen. D.They have better access to rainwater.答案以及解析1 .答案：B解析：理解具体信息根据第二段尾句We offer the newest

27、bicycles.wiith child seats, and childrens bikes可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚 刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。 故选Bo2 .答案：C解析：理解具体信息根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日 租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。故选C。3 .答案：D解析：理解具体信息根据尾段倒数第二句The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting

28、 at 1:00 pm every day可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始， 每小时整点从Dam Square出发。故选D。1 .答案：C解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的observing how nature solved problems和When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making和第二段中的John went back to observing nature and asking questions

29、”以及 第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。故选C。2 .答案：D解析：根据第三段中的The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge（污泥）placed them in the tanks可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥 中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污 泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故选

30、D。3 .答案：B解析：推断上文讲到了 John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs可知,多年来John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州 的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A”为了 回顾John的研究计划“；B”为了展示John的理念的实际应用;C”为了比较John的不 同工作“；D”为了消除对John的发明的怀疑。故选B。4 .答案：A解析：本文主要围绕 John 的疑问A dirty stream, for example, often became clea

31、r after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流 过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏 乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就 在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的Then you let these new systems deve

32、lop their own ways to self-repair也印证了 John的工作依据就在于自我修复这一理念。故选A。 3、1.答案：B解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的 access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find”（城市居民越来 越难以接触大自然）以及its unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”（在一 个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的）可知，在城市里很难接

33、触大自然。故选B。2 .答案:D解析：推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句 话“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories.began to emerge”（在 320 份提交的 材料中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始出现）可知，研究人员这样做是 为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。3 .答案：C解析：推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的 例子the experience of walking along the edge of water migh

34、t be satisfying.a fountain on their lunch break可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散 步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故 选C。4 .答案：BD. Dam Square.C. Heineken Brewery.2.【2023年新高考全国I卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty s

35、tream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went

36、back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria 件田菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would la

37、ter call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥）. First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in t

38、he tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it

39、had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水）from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco- machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast Chin

40、a.Ecological design is the name John gives to what he does. nLife on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor/ he says. nYou put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self- repair.111 .What can we learn abou

41、t John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.2 .Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.3 .What

42、 is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.C. To compare Johns different jobs.B. To show an application of Johns idea.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.4 .What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.C. Life on Earth is diverse.B. Organisms

43、need water to survive.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.3.【2023年新高考全国II卷】As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If youre lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but its unusual to find places in a city that ar

44、e relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred parkgoers, asking them to submit

45、a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding（编码） experiences into different categories. For example, one participants experience ofn We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while was assigne

46、d the categories sitting at beach” and listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encounter

47、ing wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the ed

48、ge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.Were trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,“ said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.1 .What phenomenon does the author des